浅谈GPS技术和ArcGIS软件在林地勘验工作中的应用

随着科学技术的不断创新,信息手段已经渗透到各个领域,GPS技术和ArcGIS地理信息系统软件也应用于林业工作中,使得林业工作效率得到了极大的提高,林业工作者可以获取精确性更高的数据。文章主要介绍了GPS技术和ArcGIS地理信息系统软件在林地勘验工作中的应用及其优缺点,为以后的林地勘验工作所参考。     

割草机器人工作原理及试验研究—基于GPS/DR组合导航系统

随着国民经济不断发展,我国人民生活水平不断提升,多种人工作业逐渐被机器所取代。GPS/DR组合导航系统能够有效提升割草机器人定位精度,克服传统割草机器人固有弊端,提高工作效率。为此,对GPS/DR组合导航系统原理展开了分析,进行了GPS/DR组合导航系统割草机器人研究,并进行了相关试验研究,验证了GPS/DR组合导航系统割草机器人相对于传统割草机器人的优势。     

基于3G通信与GPS技术的农机视频监控系统研究

针对现代化大农机发展的需求,研究了如何将3G通信技术与GPS定位技术相结合,建立农机视频监控系统,用于现代化大农机管理。采用WebGIS技术为基础,以B/S结构进行开发建设,为农机综合管理监控提供了新思路、新手段。     

Google Earth在公路设计中的应用

Google Earth(三维卫星地球图片)从发布开始就广泛应用于各相关领域,特别是公路勘察设计领域,现提出一种新的设计方法供同行参考:Google Earth与autocad联合在公路设计中的应用。     

防疲劳驾驶系统的设计

设计一套集疲劳驾驶计时功能、疲劳驾驶检测功能、疲劳驾驶警示灯显示功能、GPS疲劳语音提示功能及GPS定位功能于一体的防疲劳驾驶系统,绘制工作流程图.通过模拟驾驶器模拟实际驾驶,对比分析头部位置检测系统、车道偏离报警系统、转向盘监测系统、驾驶员警示系统及PERCLOS系统检测疲劳驾驶的优缺点,得出了PERCLOS系统为最优疲劳驾驶检测方法.依据人因工程理论,给出了车体外部警示灯的位置和颜色的设计方案.     

Combining fishers’ knowledge and cost‐effective monitoring tools in the management of marine recreational fisheries: A case study of the squid and cuttlefish fishery of the Ría of Vigo (NW Spain)

A new methodology based in the use of fishers’ knowledge and cost‐effective tools to obtain information about marine recreational fisheries (MRF) is presented. The squid and cuttlefish fishery of the Ría of Vigo (NW Spain) was selected because it is managed in a data‐poor environment. In‐depth interviews (57) were conducted with fishers, collecting ecological and socio‐economic information. A cartography of fishing grounds based on their knowledge was obtained, while the intensity of effort and catches was mapped by the monitoring of two vessels with low‐cost GPS data loggers. The 102 shore anglers and 248 recreational boats catch 8 t/year of European squid Loligo vulgaris and 11 t/year of common cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (11% of total catches on these species in the area). Shore anglers fish from 11 ports, while boat fishers use 14 fishing grounds (covering 30 km²). Most of the catches (86%) are landed by boats, and their CPUE is higher in the outer part of the Ría of Vigo. The use of fishers’ knowledge and cost‐effective monitoring is encouraged to obtain information for the management of MRF. Given the economic contribution of MRF (260,000 €/year in direct expenses), this activity should be considered in the regulations.     

Can trail spatial attributes predict trail use level in urban forest park? An examination integrating GPS data and space syntax theory

Understanding users’ spatial distribution in forest park is crucial for providing visitors with quality recreation experiences and for park planning and management. Utilizing users’ spatial distribution data, this study aims at investigating associations between trail use level and trail spatial attributes, through examining two large urban forest parks (Gongqing forest park and Paotaiwan forest park) in Shanghai, China. Users’ spatial distribution was measured utilizing GPS trackers with the interval of 10 seconds. This study conceptualizes trail spatial attributes as trail metric attributes and trail configurational attributes. Trail metric attributes include trail mean distance to gates, length, width and level of enclosure, which are calculated based on park map and on-site observation. We computed trail configurational attributes utilizing space syntax theory, which comprise measures of global integration, control, and connectivity. Trail connection with features/facilities, visual connection with water and shading are included as covariate variables. In total, we obtained 134 valid samples in Gongqing forest park and 210 valid samples in Paotaiwan forest park for analysis. Multivariate regression analyses indicate that when involving covariate variables, consistently in both parks, a greater trail usage is significantly related to trail shorter mean distance to park gate, trail width wider than 3 meters, higher global integration and higher control values. Collectively, these four trail spatial attributes explained 31.7 % (p < 0.001) and 27.3 % (p < 0.001) of the variances in trail use level in Gongqing forest park and Paotaiwan forest park. These findings provide direct implications to park designers and managers for providing visitors with different desirable social conditions, and ultimately improve users’ experiences and satisfactions.     

Distances Walked by Long Established and Newcomer Horses in an Open Stable System in Northern Germany

Group housing is claimed to possibly provide horses with a species-appropriate movement possibility, and hence, better welfare. Thus, this study analyzed the daily walked distances of 51 horses held in one group in a “HIT Active Stable” (Hinrichs Innovation + Technik) in Northern Germany by using global positioning system (GPS) technology during a 7 ½-month time span. The daily walking distances of the whole group, as well as newcomers, were investigated. The horses traveled an average of 8.43 km/day. Linear mixed models were applied. The observation day had a significant effect on the daily walking distances (P < .01) due to season and the available area per horse. The age as covariate also had a significant effect (P < .01). The breed had no significant effect (P = .96). No significant differences were found in sex (P = .69), which can be explained by the fact that only mares and geldings were investigated, which do not show increasing locomotion caused by sexual behavior as stallions do. On six of the first nine days, new horses moved significantly more compared to the remaining 24 of the 30 observation days directly after individuals’ inclusion. This is probably due to more exploration and rank-fighting behavior. Similar walking distances were seen among the horses on the single observation days because all horses had to travel the same distance to reach resources. Further, it is suspected that not all horses can sufficiently live out their urges to move, especially in winter, when pasture is inaccessible.     

怀化地区强降水过程中的GPS可降水量特征分析

利用改进的天顶静力延迟（ZHD）模型和本地化水汽权重平均温度（Ts）模型反演怀化地区GPS可降水量（GPS-PWV），并结合自动气象站逐小时资料分析了2017年怀化地区大气水汽变化及汛期14次暴雨以上降水过程的GPS-PWV演变特征。结果表明：GPS-PWV可较好反映怀化地区大气水汽的变化特征。怀化地区可降水量-气压（PWV-P）分布月变化特征明显，冬季PWV较低且变化范围较小，降水发生时气压较夏季平均高14.75 hPa；春季PWV逐步增大，降水发生时气压较冬季有所降低；夏季PWV为全年最高，降水发生时气压则降至全年最低值；秋季PWV-P数据逐渐分散并向可降水量低值区移动，分布情况逐步趋近冬季。2017年汛期怀化地区14次强降水过程中PWV均高于各月均值，最大小时降水量与最大PWV存在较好对应关系；降水开始前，PWV出现较明显上升，且多伴随气压较明显下降，可为局地强降水短临预警提供较好参考。     

RTK测量系统在古树名木保护中的应用

RTK测量技术是GPS测量技术与数据传输技术的结合,可实时获得高精度三维定位信息,是测量领域又一次技术革命。本文以四方井水库古树名木保护定位测量为例,阐述RTK的含义、系统组成,分析RTK测量系统的优点以及在测量过程中应注意的问题,为提高林业勘测效率和结果准确性提供参考。