我对这起行政诉讼案件有话要说

《中华人民共和国行政强制法》已于2012年1月1日起施行,对规范行政强制措施有了明确的规定,行政执法人员在实施行政强制措施时必须严格遵循的法定的程序。本文介绍了某行政处罚案件中因执法人员实施行政强制扣押过程中因程序违法,被当事人提起行政诉讼,一审法院不支持其诉求,其已上诉至上级法院,目前尚无有最新情况;阐述了对该行政处罚案中违法实施行政强制措施和对该行政诉讼案的一些分析和看法,并对当前依法行政提出建议。     

Long-term fertilization effects on active ammonia oxidizers in an acidic upland soil in China

The effects of long-term fertilization of acidic soils on ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) communities and its ecological implications remain poorly understood. We chose an acidic upland soil site under long-term (27-year) fertilization to investigate ammonia oxidizer communities under four different regimes: mineral N fertilizer (N), mineral NPK fertilizer (NPK), organic manure (OM) and an unfertilized control (CK). Soil net nitrification rates were significantly higher in OM soils than in CK, N or NPK soils. Quantitative analysis of the distribution of amoA genes by DNA-based stable isotope probing revealed that AOA dominate in CK, N and NPK soils, while AOB dominate in OM soils. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and clone library analyses of amoA genes revealed that Group 1.1a-associated AOA (also referred to as Nitrosotalea) were the most dominant active AOA population (>92%), while Nitrosospira Cluster 3 and Cluster 9 were predominant among active AOB communities. The functional diversity of active ammonia oxidizers in acidic soils is affected by long-term fertilization practices, and the responses of active ammonia oxidizers to mineral fertilizer and organic manure are clearly different. Our results provide strong evidence that AOA are more highly adapted to growth at low pH and low substrate availability than AOB, and they suggest that the niche differentiation and metabolic diversity of ammonia oxidizers in acidic soils are more complex than previously thought.     

浅谈全地形车的制动性能

全地形车被定义为是非公路行驶的摩托车,通过对全地形车制动性能试验结果进行分析,探讨制动性能不符标准要求的主要因素及改进的方法,以改善全地形车的制动效能.     

Methanotrophy-driven accumulation of organic carbon in four paddy soils of Bangladesh

Biological methane oxidation is a crucial process in the global carbon cycle that reduces methane emissions from paddy fields and natural wetlands into the atmosphere.However,soil organic carbon accumulation associated with microbial methane oxidation is poorly understood.Therefore,to investigate methane-derived carbon incorporation into soil organic matter,paddy soils originated from different parent materials(Inceptisol,Entisol,and Alfisol) were collected after rice harvesting from four major rice-producing regions in Bangladesh.Following microcosm incubation with 5%(volume/volume)¹³ CH₄,soil¹³ C-atom abundances significantly increased from background level of 1.08% to 1.88%–2.78%,leading to a net methane-derived accumulation of soil organic carbon ranging from 120 to 307 mg kg^-1.Approximately 23.6%–60.0% of the methane consumed was converted to soil organic carbon during microbial methane oxidation.The phylogeny of¹³ C-labeled pmoA(enconding the alpha subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase) and 16 S rRNA genes further revealed that canonical α(type II) and γ(type I) Proteobacteria were active methane oxidizers.Members within the Methylobacter-and Methylosarcina-affiliated type Ia lineages dominated active methane-oxidizing communities that were responsible for the majority of methane-derived carbon accumulation in all three paddy soils,while Methylocystis-affiliated type IIa lineage was the key contributor in one paddy soil of Inceptisol origin.These results suggest that methanotroph-mediated synthesis of biomass plays an important role in soil organic matter accumulation.This study thus supports the concept that methanotrophs not only consume the greenhouse gas methane but also serve as a key biotic factor in maintaining soil fertility.     

中国竹纸史考探

考证和探讨了中国古代竹纸的起源和历史后认为 ,中国竹纸起源于晋代 ,唐宋时期竹纸业大力发展 ,明代竹纸业发展兴盛 ,清代竹纸业达到了鼎盛发展 ,竹纸生产达到空前程度 ,中国南方省区均有竹纸的生产制造。近现代竹纸业仍持续旺盛不衰。还探讨了古代竹纸生产的过程和技术以及对古代社会经济、文化的影响     

Molecular evidence for transplacental transmission of Theileria equi from carrier mares to their apparently healthy foals

The intra-erythrocytic parasite Theileria equi is one of two tick-transmitted causative agents of equine piroplasmosis. Piroplasms of T. equi can be transmitted across the equine placenta and once a horse is infected, it appears to remain a lifelong carrier, since anti-theilerial drugs suppress but do not eliminate the parasite. Carrier mares may transmit the organism to their offspring and this may result in abortion or neonatal piroplasmosis, but observations by some researchers suggest that foals may be born as carriers yet remain apparently healthy. Using a T. equi-specific oligonucleotide probe, we have determined that transplacental transmission occurs early in equine foetal development and that carrier mares may give birth to healthy carrier foals. Investigation of parasite levels and the effect of maternal colostrum on the newborn suggests that colostral T. equi antibody may act to suppress parasitaemia in the newborn, reducing the incidence of clinical neonatal piroplasmosis.     

DNA-SIP鉴定甘蔗//大豆间作土壤15N-DNA富集位置的氮循环功能基因qPCR方法

为筛选有效鉴定甘蔗//大豆间作系统的稳定性同位素核酸探针技术(DNA-SIP)中超高速离心后15N-DNA富集位置的指示功能基因,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术(qPCR),检测6个氮素循环功能基因在不同浮力密度离心液DNA中的相对丰度分布,通过对氮素循环功能基因相对丰度作图分析,nifH和amoA基因在甘蔗//大豆间作和大豆单作种植模式中15N标记组与对照组基因丰度峰发生偏移,chiA基因丰度峰仅在大豆单作种植模式下存在偏移,而nirS、nirK、nosZ等3个基因的丰度峰值在两种种植模式下均不发生偏移。结果表明nifH和amoA基因可作为指示基因,能够有效鉴定甘蔗//大豆间作系统中DNA-SIP技术15N-DNA位置。     

遂宁市船山区实施项目整合推进农发水保项目开展的经验

针对目前国家支农项目存在部门条块分割、投资和实施地点分散、难以形成规模效益的状况,遂宁市船山区大胆探索,以农发水保项目为基础,由政府统筹、统一规划、部门联动实施项目整合,创新了水土流失治理与管理模式,发挥了项目整合效益,取得了明显成效.     

电子导师制在农科类专业教学中的应用

介绍了电子导师制的内涵,针对农科类专业学习资源短缺、教学方法陈旧、导师严重不足、师生交流困难的问题,提出了电子导师制在农科类专业教学中的应用策略。     

Elevated CO2 alters the structure of the bacterial community assimilating plant‐derived carbon in the rhizosphere of soya bean

Elevated CO₂ (eCO₂) increases rhizodeposits, which in turn alters the soil microbial community. However, it is not really known how the microbial community metabolizes plant‐derived carbon (C) in the rhizosphere under eCO₂, especially in agricultural soils. This study used a ¹³CO₂ labelling technique combined with DNA‐stable isotope probing (SIP) to fractionate the ¹³C‐DNA and ¹²C‐DNA from the rhizosphere of soya bean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Suinong 14) grown for 54 days under ambient CO₂ (aCO₂) (390 ppm) or eCO₂ (550 ppm). The DNA fractions were then subjected to Illumina Miseq sequencing. The results showed that eCO₂ decreased the richness and diversity of the ¹³C‐assimilating bacterial community compared to aCO₂ (p < 0.05). Elevated CO₂ decreased the abundances of genera, including Pseudarthrobacter, Gaiellales_uncultured, Microlunatus, Gemmatimonas, Gemmatimonadaceae_uncultured, Ramlibacter, Massilia, Luteimonas, Acidobacteriaceae_uncultured, Bryobacter and Candidatus_Solibacter. These genera were probably fast‐growing bacteria and sensitive to labile C. In contrast, eCO₂ stimulated the growth of genera Novosphingobium, Acidimicrobiales_uncultured, Bacillus, Flavisolibacter and Schlesneria, which were able to assimilate complex C compounds. Moreover, the increased population of Novosphingobium under eCO₂ might have accelerated electron flow from the oxidation of organic C. Correspondingly, eCO₂ did not affect the concentration of the dissolved organic C but increased the plant‐derived ¹³C in the rhizosphere. These results indicated that an eCO₂‐induced increase in non‐labile C in rhizodeposits contributed to the increase in population size of a number of the plant‐C‐metabolizing genera that might become the mechanism for the turnover of fresh C in the rhizosphere, modifying the soil C cycle under eCO₂ environments.