藏绵羊卵巢组织学及卵泡超微形态的观察

旨在通过观察藏绵羊卵泡、黄体的组织学特征及卵泡的超微形态,探讨其与生理功能的关系。本研究运用大体解剖、常规组织切片和H.E染色及透射电镜技术对藏绵羊卵巢卵泡和黄体的组织结构特点以及卵泡的超微形态进行观察和分析。结果发现,藏绵羊黄体期和卵泡期卵巢的宽度和厚度存在显著差异（P<0.05）,而重量和长度无显著差异（P>0.05）;卵巢上的大多数卵泡通过颗粒细胞萎缩和纤维化而闭锁;黄体中膜黄体细胞（直径22 μm）和颗粒黄体细胞（直径50 μm）结构特征明显且分界清晰,其内部分布着丰富的毛细血管;通过观察卵泡的超微形态发现,随着卵泡的发育,卵泡细胞的形状由椭圆形变为多边形,数量增多且被膜细胞包围;细胞器数量和种类也增多且之间联系紧密,胞质可见分泌的皮质颗粒。结果表明,藏绵羊卵泡系统和黄体的组织学特点以及卵泡的超微形态与其他绵、山羊类似,随着卵泡的发育,血管增生较快,卵泡结构特征变化明显和细胞器致密化程度增加且卵泡在不同时期均会闭锁;黄体内部在毛细血管滋生下使两种黄体细胞结构更加完整且特征明显,这可能是藏绵羊在高原低氧环境下仍然能够发挥卵巢机能的重要基础保障。     

Ultrasonographic findings of the corpus luteum and the gravid uterus during heat stress in dairy cattle

The objectives of this study were to assess alterations in, echogenic appearance, size and blood flow in the corpus luteum, the placentomes and the blood flow in umbilical and uterine arteries that heat stress can cause in cooled pregnant dairy cows. Pregnant cows were allocated in two groups and the gravid uteri, along with the ipsilateral corpora lutea were examined during the winter (group W, n = 9) or the summer (group S, n = 10). The grey-scale ultrasound and colour flow imaging of the corpus luteum and placentome were performed. In addition, the umbilical and uterine artery diameters and haemodynamic parameters in the vessels were calculated. At the time of ultrasonographic examination, cortisol concentrations were higher, and progesterone levels tended to be lower in group S compared to group W. The grey-scale ultrasound evaluation of corpora lutea and placentomes was lower in group S compared to group W. The diameter of umbilical artery and the blood volume in the vessel were less in group S than in group W. We infer that heat stress affects foetal blood supply and possibly the structure of placentomes and corpora lutea, but it differently affects the blood flow characteristics in the umbilical and uterine arteries.     

Effect of prostaglandin F2alpha on ovarian, adrenal, and pituitary hormones and on luteal blood flow in mares

The effect of a single injection of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF) during mid-diestrus on systemic concentrations of progesterone, LH, FSH, estradiol, and cortisol and on blood flow to the corpus luteum was studied in 10 controls and 10 PGF-treated mares. Blood flow was assessed by estimating the percentage of corpus luteum with color-Doppler signals of blood flow during real-time scanning of the entire structure and by the diameter of the vascular pedicle near its attachment to the ovary. Treatment was done 8 days after ovulation and 0 h was immediately before the treatment. Examinations and collection of blood samples were done at 0 h, every 5 min until 1h, and then at 1.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The concentrations of estradiol did not change, but progesterone, LH, FSH, and cortisol increased significantly within 5 min. Concentrations of LH and FSH in the PGF group remained elevated until a temporarily lower concentration at 8 or 4h, respectively, rebounded to 12h, and then slowly decreased. Cortisol remained elevated, until a decrease between 1 and 4h. Progesterone in the PGF group increased significantly until 10 min after 0 h and then decreased by 40 min to below the concentrations in controls. Within the PGF group, progesterone decreased significantly by 45 min to below the concentrations at 0 h. The values for each of the two indicators of blood flow did not differ significantly between the PGF and control groups until a decrease at 24h in the PGF group. Results did not support the hypothesis that the immediate transient post-PGF increase in progesterone was associated with an increase in luteal blood flow. Luteolysis, as indicated by decreasing progesterone, began well before the beginning of a decrease in luteal blood flow.     

Accessory corpora lutea formation in pregnant Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) investigated by examination of ovarian dynamics and steroid hormone concentrations

Generally, sika deer conceive a single fetus, but approximately 80% of pregnant females have two corpora lutea (CLs). The function of the accessory CL (ACL) is unknown; moreover, the process of ACL formation is unclear, and understanding this is necessary to know its role. To elucidate the process of ACL formation, the ovarian dynamics of six adult Hokkaido sika deer females were examined ultrasonographically together with peripheral estradiol-17β and progesterone concentrations. ACLs formed in three females that conceived at the first estrus of the breeding season, but not in those females that conceived at the second estrus. After copulation, postconception ovulation of the dominant follicle of the first wave is induced by an increase in estradiol-17β, which leads to formation of an ACL. A relatively low concentration of progesterone after the first estrus of the breeding season is considered to be responsible for the increase in estradiol-17β after copulation.     

A Corpus-based Study on Collocation and Colligation of ＂Soil＂ in Agricultural English

This paper was based on the corpus built by the writers on agricultural science and technology English. Through corpusbased research and statistical tools Ant Conc 3.2.1 and BFSU Collocator 1.0（Beijing Foreign Studies University Collocator 1.0）, this paper tried to make an analysis of the collocation and colligation of the word ＂soil＂. The result revealed the colligation between ＂soil＂ and its collocates in agricultural academic papers, which was instructive to academic writing and the research method was a practical reference of building a corpus on agricultural science and technology English.     

辽宁省农田作物根围的真菌Ⅱ

报道了分离自辽宁省农田作物根围有丝分裂孢子真菌中的12属20种 :枝顶孢属2种,点枝顶孢(AcremoniumstrictumW.Gams),地生枝顶孢[Acremoniumterricola(Milleretal.)W.Gams]。链格孢属1种 ,链格孢(Alternariaalternata)。曲霉属2种 ,棒曲霉(AspergillusclavatusDesm.),臭曲霉(AspergillusfoetidusThom &Raper)。白僵菌属1种,白僵菌[Beauveriabassiana(Bals.)Vuill.]。金孢属2种 ,土黄金孢[Chrysosporiumluteum(Costantin)Carmichael],高大金孢[Chrysosporium pannorum(Link)Hughes]。枝孢属1种 ,尖孢枝孢(CladosporiumoxysporumBerk &Curt.)。弯孢属1种 ,棒弯孢(CurvulariaclavataJain)。附球菌属1种 ,黑附球菌(EpicoccumnigrumLink)。镰孢属5种,木贼镰孢菌[Fusariumequiseti(Corda)Sacc.],禾谷镰孢菌(Fusarium graminearumSchwabe),串珠镰孢(FusariummoniliformeSheld.),尖孢镰孢芬芳变种[Fusariumoxysporumvar.redolens(Wollenw.)Gordon],球壳镰孢菌(FusariumsphaeriaeFuckel)。地霉属1种,白地霉(GeotrichumcandidiumLink &Leman)。粘帚霉属2种,链孢粘帚霉(GliocladiumcatenulatumGilm.&Abbott),绿粘帚霉(GliocladiumvirensMiller,Giddens &Foster)。膝梗孢属1种,巨枝膝梗孢[Gonytrichummacrocladum(Sac     

牛卵巢黄体类型与卵泡生长发育关系的组织学研究

本试验通过对牛卵巢不同黄体类型和各级卵泡生长发育状况的组织学观察 ,探讨了不同黄体类型对各级卵泡生长发育的影响 试验结果表明 :1)不同类型黄体之间 ,黄体功能的强弱不同 黄体功能由强至弱依次为圆锥状型 (Ⅰ型 )、火山口状型 (Ⅱ型 )、蘑菇状型 (Ⅲ型 )、扁平片状型 (Ⅳ型 )、表面无黄体型 (Ⅴ型 ) 2 )黄体类型对生长发育过程中各级卵泡的数量有一定的影响 Ⅴ型腔前卵泡总数和有腔卵泡总数与Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ型的腔前卵泡总数和有腔卵泡总数之间差异极显著 (p <0 0 1) ,而Ⅰ、Ⅱ型之间差异不显著 Ⅲ、Ⅳ之间差异显著 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型与Ⅲ、Ⅳ型之间差异显著 (p <0 0 5) 3)黄体类型对各级卵泡平均直径均无显著影响     

黄体退化的分子机制及早期黄体钝化的某些原因探讨

黄体退化是生殖过程中的一个重要过程 ,它控制着生殖周期的长短 ,与妊娠的建立和维持密切相关 ,已证实前列腺素F2α、催产素、内皮素 1及一氧化氮合酶等多种因素参与黄体退化过程。在黄体发育早期 ,外源PGF2α不能诱导黄体溶解 ,可能原因有 :(1)早期黄体内缺乏内皮素 1,(2 )黄体早期生物学反应减弱导致受体脱敏 ,(3)早期黄体中存在PGF2α代谢酶 ,(4)PGF2α不能激活黄体细胞内蛋白激酶C效应体系     

Immunocytochemical Localization of Aromatase in The Ovary of Superovulated Cattle,Pigs and Sheep

Laurincik, J., L. Kolodzieyski, V. Elias, P. Hyttel, Y. Osawa, A. Sirotkin: Immunocytochemical localization of aromatase in the ovary of superovulated cattle, pigs and sheep. Acta vet. scand. 1994, 35, 185-191.–The localization of aromatase, an enzyme converting androgens to estrogen, in the ovaries of superovulated cattle, pigs and sheep was studied immunocytochemically in the preovulatory and postovulatory period using anti-human placental aromatase cytochrome P-450 antiserum. Immunostaining for aromatase was detected in the granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles of all species studied. Theca interna cells were stained in preovulatory follicles in the pig but not in cattle and sheep. Interstitial gland cells, cumulus cells and oocytes were unstained in all species. In cattle and pig the corpora lutea were unstained whereas they displayed staining in the sheep. Preantral and small antral follicles were unstained during both the preovulatory and postovulatory period in all species.It is concluded that granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles are the main residence for aromatase activity in superovulated cattle, pig and sheep, whereas the activity of theca interna and corpora lutea is species specific.     

抑制素基因免疫黄牛的黄体发育与免疫纯度及剂量的关系

为探讨双拷贝抑制素pcISI基因疫苗纯度和剂量对肉牛黄体发育的影响,将150头同期发情的南阳黄牛随机分为8个试验组和2个对照组,试验组用pcISI按2种纯度、4种剂量(0.75、1.50、2.25、3.00 mg/头)进行免疫处理,2个对照组分别用空质粒和生理盐水进行处理;初次免疫21 d后进行加强免疫。结果表明:无论用高纯度还是低纯度疫苗免疫,2.25 mg/头剂量处理对黄体的作用效果最明显,且抗体水平与黄体发育密切相关,2.25 mg/头抑制素融合表达质粒组的黄体显著大于0.75 mg/头组(P<0.05),抗体阳性牛两侧黄体显著比抗体阴性牛的大(P<0.05)。