藏绵羊卵巢组织学及卵泡超微形态的观察

旨在通过观察藏绵羊卵泡、黄体的组织学特征及卵泡的超微形态，探讨其与生理功能的关系。本研究运用大体解剖、常规组织切片和H.E染色及透射电镜技术对藏绵羊卵巢卵泡和黄体的组织结构特点以及卵泡的超微形态进行观察和分析。结果发现，藏绵羊黄体期和卵泡期卵巢的宽度和厚度存在显著差异（P<0.05），而重量和长度无显著差异（P>0.05）；卵巢上的大多数卵泡通过颗粒细胞萎缩和纤维化而闭锁；黄体中膜黄体细胞（直径22 μm）和颗粒黄体细胞（直径50 μm）结构特征明显且分界清晰，其内部分布着丰富的毛细血管；通过观察卵泡的超微形态发现，随着卵泡的发育，卵泡细胞的形状由椭圆形变为多边形，数量增多且被膜细胞包围；细胞器数量和种类也增多且之间联系紧密，胞质可见分泌的皮质颗粒。结果表明，藏绵羊卵泡系统和黄体的组织学特点以及卵泡的超微形态与其他绵、山羊类似，随着卵泡的发育，血管增生较快，卵泡结构特征变化明显和细胞器致密化程度增加且卵泡在不同时期均会闭锁；黄体内部在毛细血管滋生下使两种黄体细胞结构更加完整且特征明显，这可能是藏绵羊在高原低氧环境下仍然能够发挥卵巢机能的重要基础保障。

Observation of Ovary Histology and Ultrastructure of Follicles in Tibetan Sheep

The study aimed to observe the histological features of Tibetan sheep’s follicles and corpus luteum and follicle ultrastructure,and explore the relationship between them and their physiological functions.The tissue structure characteristics of the ovarian follicles and corpus luteum of Tibetan sheep and the ultramicroscopic morphology of the follicles were examined and analyzed using gross dissection,traditional tissue sectioning,H.E staining and transmission electron microscopy.The results showed that the width and thickness of the ovaries between Tibetan sheep’s luteal phase and follicular phase were significantly different(P<0.05),but there were no significant difference in weight and length(P>0.05).Most of the ovarian follicles shrunk through granular cells atresia and fibrosis;theca corpus luteum cells(the diameter 22μm)and granular corpus luteum cells(the diameter 50μm)in the corpus luteum had apparent structural characteristics and clear boundaries,there was abundant capillaries in corpus luteum;through observing the follicle’s ultrastructure,it was found that as the follicle developing,its form changed from an ellipse to a polygon,the number increased and the follicle was surrounded by membranous cells,the amount and types of organelles also increased;the organelles were closely connected,and the cytoplasm contained secreted cortical granules.The results showed that the histological characteristics of follicular system and corpus luteum of Tibetan sheep were similar to those of other sheep and goat breeds,with the development of follicles,the proliferation of blood vessels was faster,the changes of follicular structure and the densification of organelles increased,and the follicles could be shrunk at different stages;the structure of the two luteal cells was more complete and characterized by capillary breeding,which may be an important basic guarantee for Tibetan sheep to play ovarian function under high altitude hypoxia.