不同能源类型密集烤房烘烤效果对比研究

[目的]探讨不同能源类型密集烤房的烘烤效果.[方法]2014年在云南大理进行了不同能源密集式烤房烘烤效果对比研究,通过试验分析了不同能源类型密集烤房在烘烤成本、经济效益及烤房温度控制等方面的烘烤效果.[结果]研究表明,最优处理为T2处理(25 kW内除湿热泵+20 kW电发热管辅助供热烤房),相比对照1 kg干烟可以减少烘烤成本1.28元,提高均价1.54元,中上等烟比例也有所提高,且烤房温度控制精准性好,其次是生物质燃烧机烤房和甲醇燃烧机烤房,但结合烤房的实际应用性,当前生物质燃烧机烤房最具推广价值.[结论]研究可为今后新能源烤房的开发与应用奠定基础.     

苜蓿食用叶蛋白的提取及其在曲奇中的应用研究

[目的]为了研究苜蓿食用叶蛋白的提取及其在曲奇中的应用。[方法]以压块苜蓿为原料,采用酸度法和离心法相结合提取苜蓿食用叶蛋白质。[结果]随着苜蓿蛋白添加比例的增加,面粉的吸水率增加,面团的形成时间、稳定时间缩短,弱化度增加,评价值降低,面团的最大拉伸阻力、拉伸能量减少,拉伸长度先增加后减小。随着苜蓿蛋白添加量的增加,曲奇面团的弹性降低,曲奇的黏着性、硬度、弹性、胶着性、咀嚼度、回复性减小,而它的酥脆性增大。添加2%的苜蓿蛋白的曲奇评价值最高。[结论]苜蓿蛋白对曲奇而言,是良好的营养强化剂和面团改良剂(弱筋剂),添加的最佳比例是2%。     

烤烟不同品种烘烤特性的研究初报

通过试验考查了烤烟NC89、K32 6、中烟 98、云烟 87、云烟 85、云烟 317等 6个不同品种的烘烤特性 (成熟表现、失水特性、变色特性、失水变色协调性、外观质量特点等 )及对不同营养状况的反映 ;探讨了反映烘烤特性的一些量化指标     

不同烤烟品种对烘烤条件的响应差异分析

为探究不同烤烟品种烟叶对不同烘烤工艺的品质响应差异。以云烟97、K326、NC71、NC102和NC297品种的中部叶为供试材料,使用皖南烟区主栽品种云烟97和NC297烘烤工艺分别在2座烤房内进行烘烤,通过分析烤后烟叶的经济性状、化学成分和感官质量,判断不同烤烟品种对烘烤条件的响应差异。在T1处理工艺下,云烟97的均价最高(22.47元/kg),NC102和K326的淀粉和叶绿素降解较充分,评吸得分以K326最高(66.33分);T2处理工艺下,K326的均价最高(23.63元/kg),NC297的淀粉和叶绿素降解率均较高,其评吸得分也较高(65.17分)。因此,通过适当调整烘烤工艺可提高云烟97和K326的内在质量,并保持其经济性状稳定。     

近红外分析技术在烟叶数字化烘烤过程中的研究与应用

研究近红外光谱分析仪在烟叶烘烤过程中的具体应用,应用近红外技术对烟叶烘烤进行实时监测,并提出烘烤专家意见,优化工艺曲线,降低烤坏烟叶比例,适合于大中型烟叶烘烤工场应用.项目实现了烟叶烘烤的数字化,且应用过程中体现出快速检测、样品完整、重现性好的特点.通过中央控制系统将专家写入计算机,能对烘烤过程中的烤房进行有效控制,从而达到减工、降本、提质、增效的目的.     

Sensory properties and aromatic composition of baked snacks containing brewer's spent grain

The incorporation of brewer's spent grain (BSG) into baked snacks (crispy-slices) was investigated in terms of nutritional, sensory and aromatic properties. Wheat flour was replaced with BSG at the levels of 10, 15 and 25%. Snacks containing 10% BSG exhibited high Crispiness index (Ci), low Crispiness work (Wc) and a high number of peaks during texture analysis, indicating that the crispiness of the samples was not negatively affected. However higher levels of BSG affected the texture and the crumb structure of snacks and the results were significantly different to the 100% wheat control. Addition of BSG altered the odour profile of the snacks as shown by the volatile profiles, however sensory results indicated that BSG-containing snacks at a level of 10% were highly acceptable and highlighted the possibility of using BSG as a baking ingredient in the formulation of enhanced fibre baked snacks.     

Evaluation of wheat and emmer varieties for artisanal baking,pasta making,and sensory quality

Identifying varieties best suited to local food systems requires a comprehensive understanding of varietal performance from field to fork. After conducting four years of field trials to test which varieties of ancient, heritage, and modern wheat grow best on organically managed land, we screened a subset of varieties for bread, pastry, pasta, and cooked grain quality. The varieties evaluated were three lines of emmer (T. turgidum L. ssp. dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl) and eleven lines of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), including two modern soft wheat varieties, four soft heritage wheat varieties, four hard modern wheat varieties, and one hard heritage wheat variety. A diverse group of bakers, chefs, researchers, and consumers compared varieties for qualities of interest to regional markets. Participants assessed differences in sensory profiles, pasta making ability, and baking quality for sourdough, matzah crackers, yeast bread, and shortbread cookies. In addition to detecting significant differences among varieties for pasta, sourdough, and pastry quality, participants documented variation in texture and flavor for the evaluated products. By demonstrating which varieties perform best in the field, in the bakery, and on our taste buds, these results can support recommendations that strengthen the revival of local grain economies.     

A new lean no time test baking method with improved discriminating power

In response to customer concerns related to gluten strength in commercial baking, the Canadian Grain Commission assessed whether the Canadian Short Process (CSP) test bake method was generating useful data related to intrinsic strength of wheat varieties. Assessment of CSP loaf volume data for Canadian variety trials spanning 2003 to 2013 showed very little correlation with dough strength parameters as measured by farinograph and extensigraph. A lean no time (LNT) test baking method was developed that can better discriminate genotypes and provide objective indicators of the effect of intrinsic dough strength on baking quality. From early method development, through method validation and verification using diverse sets of samples targeting different Canadian wheat classes and grown in three different crop years, results showed the LNT method to be more discriminating and easily adopted by other laboratories. In 2015, the LNT method was adopted as the method of choice in future Canadian variety registration trials. The LNT method is fast, simple and well-suited to high throughput test baking conditions encountered in the evaluation of large numbers of breeder lines. A new objective parameter, loaf top ratio, was also introduced and found to correlate well with dough strength and dough handling properties.     

不同替代能源密集烤房烟叶烘烤效能对比研究

[目的]探索烟叶烘烤燃煤的替代能源。[方法]对生物质压块、生物质颗粒和醇基3类燃料与常规燃料(褐煤)的烟叶烘烤效能进行对比研究。[结果]3种替代能源在燃烧烟气中主要污染物的排放明显低于常规燃料,烘烤过程中升温速度、稳温性能明显提高(除生物质压块外),整个烘烤工艺时间可缩短6~14 h,对初烤烟叶外观质量无明显影响;醇基燃料成本较高,烘烤综合成本约是褐煤成本的2.4倍,经济效益较差。[结论]生物质颗粒燃料可作为常规燃料(褐煤)的替代能源应用于烟叶实际烘烤工艺中。     

网式散叶密集烘烤下部烟叶失水规律与烘烤效应关系研究

为明确网式散叶密集烘烤过程中不同装烟层烟叶的失水规律及其与烟叶烘烤效应的关系,采用称重器对气流上升式密集烤房网式烟框装烟下部叶烘烤过程中失水量进行了实时测定,并考查烘烤过程中烟叶外观性状变化及烤后烟叶质量性状。结果表明:(1)烘烤过程中上、中、下三层烟叶失水率均呈Logistic曲线变化规律,在干筋期以前烟叶失水率下层明显大于中层,中层明显大于上层;(2)不同层次烟叶失水速率均呈"先上升后下降"的"∧"型变化趋势,全炕烟叶的平均失水率与中层烟叶接近;(3)各层烟叶失水变化规律及烟叶外观性状变化与烘烤过程中温湿度变化、烘烤时间的关系密切,对烟叶外观质量和内在质量都有影响。