醉马草的有毒成分研究

本研究用溶剂提取法和阳离子交换树脂法首次从醉马草中提取、分离出一种生物碱成分,我们称其为醉马草毒素。动物毒性试验证明,醉马草毒素是醉马草的主要有毒成分。经元素分析及有机波谱分析确定了结构式。 马属动物按照10g/kg体重的剂量,一次灌服醉马草干粉或相当剂量的粗提物,即可引起与自然发病相同的急性中毒。症状主要表现为精神极度沉郁、翘尾,四肢无力,行走如醉,肌肉震颤,心跳加快,呼吸迫促等。     

莲副产物生物碱的药理活性作用研究进展

生物碱是莲副产物天然产物中最重要的活性成分之一。本文概述了莲副产物中生物碱的化学成分及其生理活性研究进展,包括降脂减肥、抗菌消炎、抗癌等多方面的作用,以期对莲副产物生物碱的进一步研究和莲副产物资源的合理利用提供参考。     

Cytotoxic alkaloids from stems, leaves and twigs of Dasymaschalon blumei

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the cytotoxic ethyl acetate extract from the stems of Dasymaschalon blumei (Annonaceae) led to the isolation of four aristololactam alkaloids, including the hitherto unknown 3,5-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyaristolactam (1), as well as the three known compounds, aristolactam BI, goniopedaline, and griffithinam. Additionally, the cytotoxic extract from the combined leaves and twigs of the same plant yielded three known oxoaporphine alkaloids, oxodiscoguattine, dicentrinone, and duguevalline. The structures of aristolactams and oxoaporphine alkaloids were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against a panel of mammalian cancer cell lines and a noncancerous human embryonic kidney cell Hek 293.     

卷烟烟丝及烟气中主要生物碱成分的相关性和转移

[目的]探索卷烟烟丝与烟气中主要生物碱成分的相互关系.[方法]选取国内具有代表性的、不同价类的市场畅销品牌卷烟样,测定其烟丝及烟气中烟碱、降烟碱、麦斯明、假木贼碱、新烟碱和可替宁6种生物碱成分的含量,通过SPSS软件分析其间的相互关系,计算其间的转移率并进行不同类卷烟的比较.[结果]分析表明,烟气烟碱含量与烟丝中的烟碱、降烟碱、新烟碱较显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.726、0.618和0.698;烟气中麦斯明与烟丝中麦斯明正相关,相关系数为0.522;其他成分之间弱相关.国内主要品牌卷烟烟碱、降烟碱、麦斯明、假木贼碱、新烟碱和可替宁转移率范围为0.83％ ～ 53.43％.高价类较低价类卷烟,烟碱转移率偏高,其他成分都偏低;长较短滤嘴和高较低透气度卷烟各生物碱成分转化率都偏低,且加长滤嘴效果好于增加通风率.生物碱成分中的烟碱、麦斯明与卷烟内在质量相关较为密切.[结论]研究可为卷烟产品设计提供参考依据.     

粗野鹿角珊瑚生物碱的体外抗菌活性研究

[目的]为获得低毒廉价的抗菌活性良好的化合物奠定基础。[方法]采用牛津杯法和试管二倍稀释法分别测定粗野鹿角珊瑚生物碱对溶珊瑚弧菌、塔氏弧菌、鲨鱼弧菌的敏感性、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并与环丙沙星进行比较。[结果]粗野鹿角珊瑚生物碱对3种弧菌的体外抗菌活性与环丙沙星相近。[结论]该研究可为进一步研究粗野鹿角珊瑚生物碱的结构及修饰提供参考,为开发新的渔药提供新思路。     

复合酶超声波法提取半边莲生物碱的工艺研究

[目的]研究复合酶超声波法提取半边莲生物碱的最佳工艺条件。[方法]以乙醇水溶液为提取剂,采用单因素试验及L16(45)正交试验考察纤维素酶用量、果胶酶用量、酶解温度、pH值和乙醇浓度等5个因素对半边莲中生物碱提取效果的影响。[结果]最佳提取工艺为:纤维素酶用量为24 mg,果胶酶用量为45 mg,酶解时间为30 min,pH值为5.4,乙醇浓度为70%;在此条件下,生物碱的含量为0.860%。[结论]该方法提取率高、稳定性好,可用于半边莲生物碱的提取。     

博落回生物碱对烟草蚜和豆蚜杀虫活性的研究

博落回总生物碱、总生物碱盐酸盐对烟草蚜虫、豆蚜虫都有比较强的毒杀作用,处理60 h,博落回总生物碱、总生物碱盐对烟草蚜虫半致死浓度LC50分别为274.5μg/mL和501.19μg/mL。博落回总生物碱(处理48 h)、博落回总生物碱盐(处理30 h)对豆蚜虫半致死浓度LC50分别为562.3μg/mL和380.2μg/mL。     

不同种植模式对齿瓣石斛生物碱与多糖含量的影响

[目的]探讨一种高产高效的齿瓣石斛种植模式,从而达到大规模生产的目的。[方法]测定药用植物齿瓣石斛在4种栽培模式下的生物碱和石斛多糖含量。[结果]①仿野生栽培种植模式下总生物碱含量和石斛多糖含量显著高于集约化种植;②同一种植模式下2年生植株总生物碱含量和石斛多糖含量高于1年生。[结论]自然林仿野生栽培法下的齿瓣石斛植株有着较高的生物碱与多糖舍量,具有质量高、生态效益好的优点,适合大面积推广种植。     

植物生物碱杀虫剂研究进展

综述了植物生物碱的种类、杀虫活性、杀虫作用方式与机理,分析了其市场需求和研究开发方向。     

Boldo (Peumus boldus) cultivated under different light conditions, soil humidity and plantation density

Boldo (Peumus boldus Mol.) is a medicinal plant native to the central zone of Chile and part of the sclerophyll forest. More than 2000 tons of dried leaves exported annually are wild collected. To develop a cultivation system that supports sustainable production of boldo leaves, we have studied growth and harvest of boldo under different light and soil water conditions. The leaf yield per plant as well as the alkaloid and essential oil content were the same for plants grown under shade and for plants exposed to full sun. The only difference between the shaded and the full sun plants was a higher percentage of stem in the harvested product of shade grown plants. This result would permit the intercropping of boldo in forest plantations without affecting the leaf yield and medicinal quality. The excellent adaptation to dry conditions was confirmed, as the different treatments of soil water led to similar leaf yields and plant heights. Plants submitted to water stress produced fewer but longer shoots and contained less essential oil. None of the treatments except water stress affected the medicinal quality requirements of alkaloid or essential oil concentration in the leaves. Wild collected leaves are inexpensive because of low production costs. To be able to compete with wild supplied leaves in the international market, we have evaluated high density plantings as a way to lower costs of a cultivated product by mechanizing harvest. High planting densities led to loweryielding individuals, but leaf yield per area increased. Plant height and the percentage of leaves in the harvested product was the same for densities of 8- and 16 plants m⁻². The leaves produced by cultivated boldo generally fulfill the requirements described in the European Pharmacopoeia. We conclude that boldo can be successfully cultivated under the described cultivation conditions.