新型农业经营主体开展农产品电子商务的现状及问题探析

文章首先对家庭农场（专业大户）、农民专业合作社以及农业产业化龙头企业等新型农业经营主体开展农产品电子商务现状进行梳理,归纳总结了各类主体开展农产品电子商务的特点以及采用的电子商务模式。其次,从客观条件和主观意识2个方面,分析了制约新型农业经营主体开展农产品电子商务的关键因素。最后,从政府管理层面和新型农业经营主体层面分别提出了促进农产品电子商务采纳的对策建议,即在政府管理层面,要从人才培养、智慧物流、精准施政、第三方服务等方面扫清障碍;在新型农业经营主体层面,提倡品牌定位精准化、生产流程标准化、生产过程可视化、营销模式多元化、产品包装规格化,充分发挥新型农业经营主体在推动农产品电子商务发展和农业现代化建设中的示范引领作用。     

伊犁马对补喂α-酮异己酸的吸收及其某些相关代谢的研究

为探究伊犁马对补喂不同水平α-酮异己酸的吸收及其某些相关代谢,采取单因素多水平试验设计方法,选取20匹年龄为1岁,体重(295.25±25.15)kg的伊犁马,分成4组,每组5匹。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别补喂6、12、18 gα-酮异己酸,进行为期25 d的试验。在试验第25天采集血液样品。结果表明:(1)随着α-酮异己酸补喂水平的增加,血浆中α-酮异己酸浓度的变化呈先上升后下降的趋势。与对照组相比,补喂α-酮异己酸1 h后各试验组血浆α-酮异己酸浓度分别提高了11.2%、7.86%和21.51%,且均达到了峰值(P>0.05);(2)随着α-酮异己酸补喂水平的增加,血浆中β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸浓度的变化呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势。与对照组相比,各试验组补喂前0 h血浆β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸浓度呈下降趋势,补喂后1、2、4 h血浆β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸浓度均有所升高(P>0.05);(3)与对照组相比,各试验组血浆α-酮异己酸和β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸浓度均差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组血浆亮氨酸浓度分别提高了22.40%和22.24%(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组血浆异亮氨酸浓度极显著降低(P<0.01);血浆缬氨酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组血浆赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸、精氨酸和谷氨酰胺浓度均显著降低(P<0.05);各试验组血浆5-羟色胺浓度极显著降低(P<0.01);试验Ⅲ组血浆三甲基组氨酸浓度降低了18.74%(P>0.05)。补喂α-酮异己酸提高了伊犁马血浆α-酮异己酸浓度,且各试验组均在补喂后1 h达到峰值;提高了血浆β-羟基-β-甲基丁酸和亮氨酸的浓度。通过补喂不同水平的α-酮异己酸,改变了伊犁马对某些氨基酸的吸收利用。     

A Lymphoid Organ Specific Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factor from Litopenaeus vannamei Exhibits Strong Antimicrobial Activities

Different shrimp species are known to possess apparent distinct resistance to different pathogens in aquaculture. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this finding still remains unknown. One kind of important antimicrobial peptides, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (ALF), exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. Here, we reported a newly identified ALF from the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and compared the immune function with its counterpart in the shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The ALF, designated as LvALF8, was specifically expressed in the lymphoid organ of L. vannamei. The expression level of LvALF8 was apparently changed after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenges. The synthetic LBD peptide of LvALF8 (LvALF8-LBD) showed strong antibacterial activities against most tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. LvALF8-LBD could also inhibit the in vivo propagation of WSSV similar as FcALF8-LBD, the LBD of LvALF8 counterpart in F. chinensis. However, LvALF8-LBD and FcALF8-LBD exhibited apparently different antibacterial activity against V. parahaemolyticus, the main pathogen causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of affected shrimp. A structural analysis showed that the positive net charge and amphipathicity characteristics of LvALF8-LBD peptide were speculated as two important components for its enhanced antimicrobial activity compared to those of FcALF8-LBD. These new findings may not only provide some evidence to explain the distinct disease resistance among different shrimp species, but also lay out new research ground for the testing and development of LBD-originated antimicrobial peptides to control of shrimp diseases.     

贮运条件对草莓主要色素成分稳定性的影响

草莓在贮藏和运输期间会产生褪色现象,花青素含量逐渐减少。为研究光照时间、温度、pH、金属离子对草莓花青素的影响,探索合适的加工与贮运条件,在花青素含量保持一致的情况下设置4种反应条件,探讨光照时间、温度、pH、金属离子对草莓花青素的影响。草莓花青素在自然光下照射8 h,吸光度值下降25%,温度高于60℃后,吸光度值下降67%。当pH>7时,吸光度值下降85%,添加Na⁺、Mg²⁺后的色素提取液反应2 h后所测吸光度值分别保持在0.070和0.050左右,而添加Fe³⁺后测得的吸光度值下降87%。实验结果表明,草莓在贮运过程中应避光、低温、保持酸性条件,且避免与铁制品接触。     

基于多项Logit模型的牧户生计资本对生计策略选择影响的实证研究

为探究牧户生计资本对生计策略影响,识别牧户生计策略转化的关键生计资本和生计资本指标,以便引导牧民调整生计结构,提高草原治理能力。以内蒙古自治区5种草原类型15个旗（县）848户牧户为样本,运用熵值法评估牧户生计资本,建立多项Logit回归模型,识别影响牧户生计策略转化的关键生计资本。研究区牧户生计资本值为1.428;4类生计策略牧户生计资本存量为纯牧性>牧兼性>兼牧性>非牧性,P< 0.01;5种草原类型牧户生计资本存量为草甸草原>典型草原>荒漠草原>沙地草原>草原化荒漠,P<0.01。牧户以牧业收入和政府转移收入为主,纯牧性生计策略为首选的策略;金融资本存量是影响生计策略转化的关键生计资本,对牧户由纯牧性向牧兼性、兼牧性和非牧性生计策略转化均具有显著负向影响。牧户家庭承包草地资源、使用草地资源和家庭总收入是影响生计策略转化的关键生计资本指标。     

Response of organic carbon fractions and microbial community composition of soil aggregates to long-term fertilizations in an intensive greenhouse system

Journal of Soils and Sediments - Soil organic carbon (SOC) content and stability, which are regulated by microbial communities, vary depending on aggregate size. The objectives of this study were...     

毛薯的营养成分分析和聚类分析

为选育出优良的毛薯种质,本研究以海南大学薯蓣种质资源圃里的80份毛薯为材料,以河南焦作温县的垆土铁棍山药为对照,采用苯酚硫酸法、考马斯亮蓝法以及蒽酮比色法对其干物质、粗多糖、蛋白、可溶性糖和淀粉含量进行测定和比较分析。结果表明:毛薯的干物质含量介于18.62%~38.88%,粗多糖含量介于2.88%~15.82%、蛋白含量介于5.14%~10.71%、可溶性糖含量介于0.1%~13.84%、淀粉含量介于11.94%~64.28%。与对照山药相比,Ds96所测品质均优于对照,可优先选择推广。此外,毛薯各营养品质之间存在着一定的相关性,干物质与糖类存在显著负相关,与蛋白和淀粉表现为正相关。通过对80份毛薯的营养品质进行聚类分析,在欧式距离为3.17时,可将其分为八类,按类群来看,类群Ⅳ各营养价值适中,其他类群在某些营养上比较优秀,可根据需要进行优良资源选择。