毛薯的营养成分分析和聚类分析

为选育出优良的毛薯种质,本研究以海南大学薯蓣种质资源圃里的80份毛薯为材料,以河南焦作温县的垆土铁棍山药为对照,采用苯酚硫酸法、考马斯亮蓝法以及蒽酮比色法对其干物质、粗多糖、蛋白、可溶性糖和淀粉含量进行测定和比较分析。结果表明:毛薯的干物质含量介于18.62%~38.88%,粗多糖含量介于2.88%~15.82%、蛋白含量介于5.14%~10.71%、可溶性糖含量介于0.1%~13.84%、淀粉含量介于11.94%~64.28%。与对照山药相比,Ds96所测品质均优于对照,可优先选择推广。此外,毛薯各营养品质之间存在着一定的相关性,干物质与糖类存在显著负相关,与蛋白和淀粉表现为正相关。通过对80份毛薯的营养品质进行聚类分析,在欧式距离为3.17时,可将其分为八类,按类群来看,类群Ⅳ各营养价值适中,其他类群在某些营养上比较优秀,可根据需要进行优良资源选择。 

Nutrition Composition and Clustering Analysis of Dioscorea esculenta (Lour) brukill

In order to screen excellent germplasm resources of Dioscorea esculenta (Lour) brukill, the dry matter weight, crude polysaccharide, protein, soluble sugar and starch content of 80 germplasms were measured and compared by phenolsulfuric acid, Coomassie brilliant blue and anthrone-sulfuric acid methods. The results showed that the dry matter, crude polysaccharide, protein, soluble sugar and starch content was between 18.62%~38.88%, 2.88%~15.82%, 5.14%~10.71%, between 0.1%~13.84% and 11.94%~64.28%, respectively. Compared with Iron D.opposita Thunb, the quality of Ds 96 is excellent, and it could be promoted preferentially. In addition, there was a certain correlation among the nutritive qualities of yams, a significant negative correlation between the dry matter and sugar, and a positive correlation between the protein and starch. On the condition of Euclidean distance 3.17, the nutrition of the 80 yams were classified into 8 groups using cluster analysis. According to the classification, the nutrition value of group Ⅳ was moderate, and relatively, the other groups had a certain edge in nutritional value, which could be selected as eximious resources as required.