石榴皮中多酚提取条件的优化

运用正交试验对石榴多酚的乙醇提取条件进行了优化。考察了影响石榴皮中多酚提取效果的4个因素。结果显示,石榴皮中多酚的最佳提取条件为:20%(体积分数)乙醇作溶剂,料液比(g∶mL)1∶20,温度50℃,提取时间1 h,以该优化条件提取时,多酚粗提物的得率44.98%,纯度50.12%,即石榴多酚得率达到22.86%。     

几种药剂对石榴疮痂病的防治

在山东枣庄石榴疮痂病Dothiorella sp．是石榴枝干、果实上一种新发生的严重病害，用不同药剂、不同施药方法和施药时间对其进行了防治。结果表明，35％百菌敌5倍液于春季(4月上旬)轻刮涂刷枝干上的病斑，效果最好；防治果斑试验，以50％多菌灵WP500倍液效果最好，防治时间为6月上旬、中旬、7月上旬3次。     

石榴溃疡病害病原学研究

对石榴溃疡病害3菌株所引起的病害症状、病原菌的形态学特征、培养学特性、生理学特性及分子遗传多样性等方面进行比较研究.结果表明:石榴疮痂病与石榴果实上增生型症状的病原菌具有更近的亲缘关系,应为同一病原菌引起,推测该病原菌首先侵染石榴侵染枝干,然后侵染石榴的花萼和果实;而石榴干腐病病原菌主要侵染枝干,是否侵染果实及引起症状特征需要继续进行研究和鉴定.     

石榴转录组密码子使用偏向性

对石榴(Punica granatum)转录组数据进行从头组装,预测完整CDS序列的密码子使用偏向性;将石榴转录谱与其他8种蔷薇分支物种基因组编码序列进行同义密码子相对使用度(RSCU)比较,并对石榴WRKY和MYB家族基因进行亚家族进化分析和RSCU比较。结果表明:(1)石榴转录组主要受自然选择压影响。密码子偏向性极强的基因多为细胞相关功能基因;没有密码子使用偏向性的基因多与维持生命活动本质相关。(2)基因差异高表达影响RSCU,CpG二核苷酸富集影响密码子适应性。(3)物种间亲缘关系越近,RSCU值越相似。对蔷薇分支物种密码子进行RSCU比较,石榴与巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)偏向性基本一致。(4)亚家族功能分化影响密码子偏向性。石榴WRKY亚家族1、4和13在翻译精氨酸、亮氨酸时分别偏向使用AGG、CUC,这与其不断进化的抗逆功能相关。石榴MYB亚家族8在翻译苏氨酸时偏向选择ACA,这与其扩张中的木质化功能相关。     

4种生物杀虫剂对石榴蓟马的致毒效应研究

为筛选防治石榴蓟马的高效、低毒和无污染的生物杀虫剂，采用浸渍法测定了4种生物杀虫剂对石榴蓟马不同虫态的毒力效应。结果表明：4种生物杀虫剂对两种石榴蓟马的毒力依次为：乙基多杀菌素>印楝素>苦参碱>除虫菊素。乙基多杀菌素对黄胸蓟马3龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别为8.550 mg/L和12.078 mg/L。对西花蓟马3龄若虫和成虫的LC50分别13.647 mg/L和20.185 mg/L。印楝素和苦参碱亚致死浓度均可引起两种石榴蓟马的化蛹率和羽化率显著下降（P<0.05）。表明乙基多杀菌素、印楝素和苦参碱均能对两种石榴蓟马种群有较好的抑制作用。     

Generation and analysis of expressed sequence tag sequences from a soft‐seeded pomegranate cDNA library

The cultivation of soft‐seeded pomegranate is an important direction in pomegranate breeding. To comprehensively understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of soft‐seeded pomegranate (Punica granatum. var. Hongmanaozi), we established an expressed sequence tag (EST) resource. Two thousand valid sequences were generated, from which 907 unigenes were obtained after initial assembly using the clustalx program. Among these unigenes, 51 showed no similarity to any protein in the public databases, 433 matched with proteins of unknown function, and 423 matched with proteins of known or putative functions. The 423 unigenes were further classified into 13 categories. Among these categories, protein synthesis, cell structure, protein destination and storage, secondary metabolism, signal transduction and transporters accounted for 8%, 8%, 4%, 7%, 6% and 17%, respectively. We also successfully developed 10 highly polymorphic expressed sequence tag‐simple sequence repeat (EST‐SSR) markers for pomegranate. The results provide a new tool for future activities in pomegranate breeding.     

太行红石榴栽培养护技术

太行红石榴喜光、耐旱、怕涝、怕寒冷，适宜在pH值在4.5～8.2之间的砾质或沙质壤土中栽植。文章介绍了石榴树的栽培养护技术，包括扦插育苗、移栽定植、幼树期管理、结果期管理等。     

倒春寒危害软籽石榴树的温度及受害情况研究

以突尼斯软籽石榴为试材,在倒春寒发生前2 d开始持续监测石榴树冠层温度,倒春寒结束后调查石榴树受倒春寒危害的临界低温及寒害症状。结果表明,软籽石榴树春季生长期间,岭地、沟地和台地石榴树冠层温度降至1.4℃、-0.1℃、2.3℃,气象预报低温低于6.4℃时,石榴树芽和新梢发生低温寒害,芽尖焦枯发黑,芽体展叶受阻;新梢幼叶扭曲畸形,叶缘焦枯。     

高压脉冲电场对石榴汁杀菌的研究

该文研究了高压脉冲电场(PEF)对石榴汁的杀菌效果和对石榴汁的理化性质的影响。结果表明，电场强度和处理时间是影响PEF杀菌效果的主要因素。在频率为100 Hz时，当电场强度达到35 kV/cm，处理时间达到200 μs时，石榴汁中接种的大肠杆菌、酵母菌和霉菌的数量分别下降3.62、2.34、0.74个lg值，处理过程中样品温度≤18℃，霉菌对PEF的抵抗力最强。当处理频率增加为333 Hz，电场强度为35 kV/cm，处理时间为200 μs时，霉菌数量的下降增加到1.82个lg值，此时处理温度(处理腔内温度)提高到50℃。经PEF处理的石榴汁的理化性质基本不发生改变。     

Effects of NaCl salinity on some leaf nutrient concentrations,non-photochemical quenching and the efficiency of the PSII photochemistry of two Iranian pomegranate varieties under greenhouse and field conditions: Preliminary results

The present research was conducted to study the responses of ‘Malas–e–Saveh’ (M) and ‘Shishe–Kab’ (Sh) Iranian pomegranates to sodium chloride (NaCl) stress under greenhouse and field conditions. Treatments included waters electrical conductivity (EC = 1.5, 3, 6, 9 and 12 dS m^?1 for greenhouse) and (EC = 1.05 as control, 4.61 and 7.46 dS m^?1 for field studies). Interactive effects of salinity × variety indicated the highest chlorophyll and leaf potassium concentration, and the lowest leaf chloride and sodium in control under greenhouse study. Non-photochemical quenching, effective quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII reduced under the highest salinity level in field, however, basal quantum yield of non-photochemical processes in PSII increased in the highest salinity. Sodium and chloride increased with increased in salinity. Calcium, magnesium and iron significantly decreased with increased in salinity. It seems that there are differences between pomegranate cultivars and Malas-e-Saveh is more tolerant compared with Shishe Kab.