小RNA病毒基因组3'非编码区.结构与功能研究进展

小RNA病毒属于单股正链RNA病毒,包括肠道病毒属、鼻病毒属、心脏病毒属、口疮病毒属和肝病毒属等几个主要的属.口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)、脊髓灰质炎病毒(PV)、丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)、脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)是该科病毒的典型代表.小RNA基因组的末端具有非编码区(UTR),是病毒基因组复制的主要调控位点,3'非编码(3'...     

Serendipitous identification of a new Iflavirus‐like virus infecting tomato and its subsequent characterization

The genomic sequence of a previously undescribed virus was identified from symptomless tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). The viral genome is a positive‐sense ssRNA molecule of 8506 nucleotides. It is predicted to encode a single polyprotein of 314·5 kDa that is subsequently processed into three coat protein components of 13·7, 17·9 and 13·5 kDa, and a viral replicase of approximately 207 kDa with conserved motifs for a helicase, a protease and RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Pairwise analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the RdRp revealed that it shares closest identity with members of the family Iflaviridae, genus Iflavirus (19–47% identity). Evidence of replication in plants was detected by RT‐PCR of the viral replicative strand, and short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) matching the virus. The name Tomato matilda virus (TMaV) is proposed, and furthermore, that the genus Tomavirus (Tomato matilda virus) be created within the family Iflaviridae. This is the first report of a plant‐infecting virus resembling members of the Iflaviridae.     

小RNA病毒与细胞凋亡

在小RNA病毒科中,口蹄疫病毒等不同病毒的不同基因可诱导宿主细胞发生凋亡,其作用机制也不完全相同。论文对小RNA病毒诱导细胞凋亡的机制进行了综述,并对相关研究进行了展望。     

Virus infections of the European Eel in North Rhine Westphalian rivers

Viral infections have been suggested to play a role in the decline of the panmictic population of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). However, despite the importance of knowledge about pathogenic eel viruses, little is known about their spread in the wild European eel population and only a few eel pathogenic viruses have been described so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the health status of the A. anguilla stock in North Rhine Westphalia (NRW) State of Germany. For this purpose, we examined tissue samples of 16 elvers, 100 yellow eels and 6 silver eels, sampled from the rivers Rhine, Lippe and Ems. Virus detection was performed via a combination of cell culture and PCR. Next to the detection of frequently encountered pathogenic eel viruses (anguillid herpesvirus 1 and eel virus European X (EVEX)), we isolated the eel picornavirus 1 (EPV-1) from tissue of yellow eels and elvers and demonstrate the distribution of EPV-1 in wild eel population in NRW.     

紫外线诱变建立草鱼抗出血病病原病毒的AHZC88细胞株

通过UV对草鱼出血病病原病毒敏感的草鱼ZC 7901细胞株反覆诱变,获得了对出血病病原病毒具有抗性的AHZC 88细胞株。经生物学特性测定,AHZC 88细胞的染色体2n=48,温度适应范围4°～38℃,最适生长温度27℃,分裂指数在36小时时达最高值。经病原病毒的人工侵染等试验表明,AHZC 88细胞不受草鱼出血病病毒感染。在电镜切片观察中,细胞内不见病毒颗粒。LDH同工酶分析,比敏感细胞少1条酶带。     

草鱼出血病的病原研究

草鱼出血病的病原研究,始于50年代。1978—84年,分离到一种病原病毒,定名为草鱼呼肠孤病毒或鱼呼肠孤病毒。本文报道从出血病病鱼组织的电镜研究中发现两种病毒颗料,一种即是呼肠孤病毒,另一种是20-30nm大小的病毒。经病毒的核酸分析,前者是双股RNA病毒;后者为单股RNA病毒。用分离到的这两种病毒分别注入1足龄健康草鱼,可发生两类不同症状的出血病;呼肠孤病毒主要导致“肠出血型”症状;另一种病毒(经初步鉴别属于小RNA病毒科病毒)主要导致“肌肉出血型”出血病。由此,可以证实两种病毒都是草鱼出血病的病原病毒,同时也初步解释出现两种不同症状出血病的原因。     

Viral intestinal infections of animals and man

The extensive use of negative staining techniques and electron microscopy in diagnostic centers has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of reported viral enteric infections in man and animals in the last 10 yr. Enteric infection due to adenoviruses, astroviruses, coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, parvoviruses, picornaviruses (caliciviruses), rotaviruses as well as some unidentified viral particles are described. The brief literature review on each of these virus families is supplemented with clinical cases submitted to the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory. Comparative aspects of viral infections between different animal species as well as man are discussed wherever possible.