油料作物油脂合成调控研究进展

植物油脂不仅是人类可食用油的主要来源,也是人类生产生活中重要的可再生原料。本文概述了植物油脂的生物合成途径,从母体效应、QTL、GWAS等多个方面总结了油料作物油脂合成的遗传学研究进展,同时探讨了已知的油脂合成调控相关基因的功能。本文综述了该领域的研究现状,为深入了解油料作物油脂合成调控网络提供了参考,也为油料作物的分子改良和遗传育种提供了理论基础。     

利用HPLC-ICP-MS方法测定中华绒螯蟹不同形态砷的残留量

采用高效液相色谱串联电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(HPLC-ICP-MS)测定中华绒螯蟹可食部位6种砷形态的残留量。经过前处理、提取和脱脂后,通过色谱柱、流动相、pH和流速等参数调节,筛选得到最优化的分离和检测条件。结果表明,6种砷形态的混合标准溶液在质量浓度0~50 μg/L范围时,均呈现良好的线性关系,其R²达到0.999,检测限为0.0060~0.0912 μg/kg,定量限为0.020~0.304 μg/kg。在样品中添加0.5、5、50 μg/L浓度水平,回收率良好,范围是70%~120%,相对标准偏差(RSD)均<5%,方法精密度与重复性均良好。本方法为中华绒螯蟹可食部位砷形态残留量建立了有效检测方法,为水产品砷残留快速检测提供技术支撑。     

渠堤化城镇河岸带的植被特征及其用地影响

渠堤化是干扰城镇河流的常见建设方式，掌握植物特征及对其产生显著影响的用地因素，对于优化渠化的城镇河岸植被带具有重要意义。采用样带全面调查的方法，对北京段已基本全线渠堤化潮白河河岸带植物进行调查，通过多重比较分析河岸带植物丰富度在不同空间位置的差异，并利用NMDS非约束排序拟合解译的周边缓冲区土地利用数据，探讨对渠堤化河岸带植物丰富度和种类分布产生显著影响的因素。结果表明:1）河岸带植物种类174种（乔、灌、草分别为52、29、90种），以草本为主；2）全线渠堤化城镇河流河岸带植物群落种类及丰富度均存在建成区和非建成区的显著差异，总体植物、乔木和灌木植物丰富度在建成区显著大于非建成区，但入侵植物沿渠堤化河岸带不存在空间位置的差异，入侵可能沿渠堤蔓延；3）周边缓冲区道路、其他不透水地表面积是城镇地区全线渠堤化河岸带植物丰富度的显著正相关影响因子，对主要观赏灌木和乔木种类分布存在积极影响，对原生灌木和草本种类分布存在消极影响，这种分布特征受人工干扰影响。     

牛TLR4基因生物信息学分析

为了更加深入地了解牛TLR4基因的功能、结构及与该基因有关联的疾病识别及其致病机理,利用牛TLR4基因的氨基酸序列对其编码蛋白的基本理化性质、蛋白质译后的磷酸化位点和糖基化位点以及跨膜结构域和蛋白质结构进行预测。结果显示,牛TLR4基因一共编码841个氨基酸,负电荷残基总和(Asp+Glu)为84,正电荷残基总和(Arg+Lys)为76,不稳定指数小于40,表明该基因编码产物稳定性较好。在该基因整个编码产物中,亲水氨基酸占比较多,平均分值为-0.011,由此得知TLR4基因编码的蛋白质是一种易溶蛋白。有9个潜在的N-糖基化位点;78个磷酸化位点以及存在一个跨膜蛋白和存在信号肽,其切割位点在第25和第26个氨基酸之间。蛋白质的二、三级结构预测结果显示,二级结构和三级结构均由α-螺旋、β-折叠和无规则卷曲组成,其在生物合成、基因表达与调控等方面有重要作用。本研究结果可为牛TLR4基因深入研究提供理论基础。     

Discovery of a synergistic effect of oxytocin on the efficacy of Alpha-Chloralose,a drug used for capturing and controlling birds

Overdose and death of both target and non-target species are not uncommon when α–chloralose is used for animal control. Alpha–chloralose appears to depress the central nervous system by having an affect on the GABA-A receptor in a manner similar to ethanol. Recently central administration of oxytocin was shown to block ethanol-induced impairment in rodents. Our study investigates whether IM administration of oxytocin speeds avian recovery from α–chloralose and reduces mortality under simulated field conditions. We found that when injected twice with oxytocin (30 uL/kg) chickens entered α–chloralose narcosis more quickly and showed greater behavioral impairment. When fed the LD₅₀ dose of α–chloralose, repeated injection with oxytocin produced no significant difference in mortality rate or time to death in comparison to the control group. The effects of peripheral oxytocin on female chicks were different than results found previously in cockerels given oxytocin centrally. Oxytocin is not a suitable antidote for α–chloralose overdose during animal capture in the field but instead accentuates α–chloralose narcosis, making capture more likely and efficient.     

上海半自然森林更新苗物种组成与多样性研究

城市半自然森林具有独特的群落结构和生物多样性特征,研究城市化影响的半自然森林更新特征,可以为城市生物多样性保育与地带性植被恢复重建提供借鉴。文章以上海辰山残存半自然森林1 hm^2固定监测样地为对象,调查分析半自然森林更新苗的物种组成特征。结果表明:1 hm^2样地更新苗共5 937株,分属22科32属37种,其中上海自然分布的乡土种占57.89%,明显高于城市人工林的乡土树种比例;香樟、构树、天竺桂、朴树和小蜡等5种更新苗占总数的57.2%,聚集性分布格局明显;在11个植被群落类型中,各类型更新苗的丰富度普遍较高,不同树种的更新苗存活和发育潜力存在差异。     

Habitat associations of the Threatened pugnose minnow (Opsopoeodus emiliae) at the northern edge of the species range

Pugnose minnow (Opsopoeodus emiliae) is a small, reclusive species that is widespread in North America, but is one of the rarest fishes in Canada, found in less than 12 known localities in southwestern Ontario. In contrast to most pugnose minnow populations across the global range, Canadian populations are primarily found in turbid systems, potentially indicating persistence in suboptimal conditions. We used data from a multi-gear species and habitat survey in the Canard River, Ontario, a system dominated by agricultural inputs and the best-known capture site of the species in Canada, to parameterise multi-gear occupancy models for understanding the relationship between pugnose minnow occupancy and microhabitat features, including the role of turbidity. Almost 300 pugnose minnow were captured, representing the largest single collection of the species in Canadian history. The best occupancy model indicated that the probability of pugnose minnow occupancy was highest in the deepest sites with the lowest water clarity (i.e. high turbidity); however, competing models suggested that occupancy was highest at sites with wild celery (Vallisneria americana) and higher water clarity, signifying that habitats with low turbidity may be utilised if sufficient physical cover exists. Together, our results suggest that Canadian pugnose minnow populations occupy and potentially favour turbid conditions, possibly to avoid visual predators in clearer habitats. It remains uncertain whether this abiotic association represents a long-term, viable, local adaptation or whether persistence of pugnose minnow in the Canard River is at risk unless significant water quality improvements can be made.