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对农林废弃物菠萝皮进行化学改性处理,以去除大气中的TVOC有害气体,减轻大气污染的同时实现废弃物的多次循坏再利用,为吸附剂的研究与空气净化提供借鉴。利用二次正交旋转回归以及单因素实验对皂化改性菠萝皮吸附剂的制备工艺以及吸附条件优化;对渣粒径、温度和加入量进行单因素分析;利用吸附等温、动力模型拟合试验探究机理;通过BET、SEM及FTIR对样品进行表征;采用横向对比试验与其他材料对比吸附效果并探讨吸附剂的重复利用能力。结果表明:无水乙醇与氢氧化钠体积比为1:2.8,浸泡时间为6 h,离心时间为13 min,预测值Ymax=8.2759%;渣粒径60目、温度22℃、加入量3g为最佳单因素条件;吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温模型(R2=0.9926),吸附状态为多分子层多位点吸附;遵循二级动力学模型(R2=0.9757),即以化学吸附为主的物理化学双重吸附过程;比表面积显著增大、孔隙率升高,表面褶皱增多,且酰胺N-H基团、-OH等有效基团参与吸附;横向对比试验证明吸附效果在1%水平上显著优于其他四种吸附材料,即改性菠萝皮>硅藻土>活性炭>竹炭>树脂,且至少可重复利用7次以上。 相似文献
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改性蒙脱石对黄曲霉毒素B_1和玉米赤霉烯酮的吸附研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本试验旨在探究4种不同改性蒙脱石对黄曲霉B1(AFB1)和玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的体外吸附性能。采用体外吸附试验,在霉菌毒素污染的喷浆玉米皮中添加4种改性蒙脱石,检测AFB1和ZEN的浓度变化,以探究不同种类及不同添加比例改性蒙脱石对AFB1和ZEN的吸附作用。结果表明:4种改性蒙脱石对AFB1和ZEN均有显著吸附作用,其中膨润土经十八烷基三甲基氯化铵改性制备的复合改性蒙脱石II型对AFB1和ZEN的吸附效果最好,在添加量为1%时,对AFB1和ZEN的吸附率分别为62.60%和43.38%。在本体外试验条件下,4种改性蒙脱石对喷浆玉米皮中AFB1和ZEN均具有吸附作用,可以降低喷浆玉米皮中的霉菌毒素含量,为改性蒙脱石在饲料脱毒剂的使用提供参考。 相似文献
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用5×5半双列杂交研究甘蓝型低芥酸油菜单株产量的遗传,结果表明:供试的甘蓝型低芥酸油菜品系中,单株产量的遗传符合加性显性模型,显性性质为超显性,平均显性度为1.404。显性基因约为隐性基因的3倍多,并且多数增效基因表现显性,但也有显性的减效基因存在。单株产量的广义遗传力h_B~2=71.4%,狭义遗传力h_N~2=33.18%。供试亲本显性效应的强弱依次为81007>81006>81018>81004>81033,增效基因的多少依次为81018>81006>81007>81004>81033。一般配合力的大小依次为81018>81006>81004>81033>81007。 相似文献
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多品种(系)试验中简化广义格子设计的探讨 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
根据多品种(系)田间试验的特点,在Patterson等广义格子设计基础上提出简化广义格子设计(简称SGL设计)。SGL设计基于格子设计的正交性原理,对于可用区组容量整除的任何供试品种数、2-4次重复,均可构成不完全区组设计。且构成方法简便,设计效率因子高,具有可解析性,连通性,SGL设计的参数采用修饰极大似然法估计。 相似文献
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Puaux AL Michel ML 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2003,26(5-6):357-372
Vaccine approaches against AIDS have focused on inducing cellular immune responses, since many studies revealed the role of T cell responses in the control of human immunodeficiency virus or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. The experimental infection of rhesus macaques with SIV or chimeric SHIV is routinely used as a model for AIDS. In such models, DNA immunization is a tool to elicit specific T cell responses and to study their protective efficacy. DNA immunogenicity in primates depends on parameters such as level of antigen expression, choice of the antigen among SIV proteins, use of fusion proteins, route of immunization, and addition of adjuvants. Recent results suggest that priming with DNA and boosting with attenuated recombinant viral vectors, each expressing corresponding SIV antigens, leads to improved specific immunity and, in some cases, affords protection against pathogenic challenge. After preclinical evaluations, DNA has entered clinical trials for a therapeutic or prophylactic gene-based AIDS vaccine. 相似文献
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The influence of different preharvest and postharvest factors affecting off-odour development of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce in low-O2 modified atmospheres (MA) was investigated. Fresh-cut iceberg lettuce developed undesirable off-odours under low O2 and elevated CO2 atmospheres. A strong relationship between CO2 concentration and off-odour development was observed. Significant differences in off-odour development existed among different cultivars in two harvests in consecutive years. The influence of maturity stage was evaluated, comparing fresh-cut product from immature and over-mature heads with commercial ones. Higher CO2 concentrations and higher accumulation of ethanol and acetaldehyde were detected in the headspace of MA-packed lettuce from immature heads. Differences in respiration rate of the fresh-cut product from heads cultivated during the winter–spring seasons were around 30%. Respiration rate of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce increased when medium temperature during cultivation increased. Changes in the product weight generated different CO2 levels which correlated with the production of ethanol and acetaldehyde and other off-odour metabolites related with the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway such as hexanal, 1-hexanol, and cis-3-hexen-1-ol. Volatile compounds such as cis-3-hexen-1-ol, β-elemene, ethyl acetate and dimethyl sulphide increased their content more than 10 times compared with other volatiles. Moreover, differences in the initial flushed gas-mixture with or without CO2 showed higher CO2 concentrations and the development of stronger off-odours when samples were flushed with an enriched CO2 gas-mixture. In summary, visual quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce is important but so are odour and flavour. MAP currently used for fresh-cut lettuce may need some modification to inhibit off-odours and achieve better aroma and flavour qualities for preserving “freshness” of the cut product. Screening for cultivars with low browning potential and fermentation, harvested at optimum maturity stage and with an adequate package design are recommended. 相似文献
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利用凝胸渗透色谱法(GPC),建立了最佳测试条件,测试了松香改性特辛基酚醛树脂的分子量。相地误差=2.46%,标准偏差=1.49,变异系数=4.94%,数据重现性较好。本方法操作简单、准确度、精密度均达到较高要求。为这一类型高聚物的分子量测定提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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The nitrobenzene oxidation method was modified to obtain more reproducible data and more structural information about lignin, not only by gas chromatography (GC) but also by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy for quantitative determination of the oxidation products and to simplify the procedures. The nitrobenzene oxidation mixture was directly extracted after acidification without preextraction of by-products. The direct extraction made the extractive step easy and gave reproducible data. 5-Iodovanillin was selected as a new internal standard. The reason for this selection was that 5-iodovanillin did not exist in the nitrobenzene oxidation products from any plant species and had an aldehyde group whose peak did not overlap with the other aldehyde peaks on an1H-NMR spectrum. Thus, the use of 5-iodovanillin enabled us to quantifyp-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and syringaldehyde in oxidation products on the basis of1H-NMR analysis as well as GC. Furthermore, more information about the condensed structure of lignin was derived by comparing the1H-NMR and GC analyses.Part of this work was presented at the 42nd Annual Meeting of the Lignin Symposium, Sapporo, October 1997 相似文献