槐叶萍生物体微量元素含量特征研究

为了解京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素的含量特征,运用非色散原子荧光光度计和火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了槐叶萍生物体不同部位中微量元素的含量。结果显示:Fe、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cu、Se 6种微量元素在槐叶萍花芽、叶、根与茎中含量差异极显著(P≤0.01),其中槐叶萍中微量元素Fe含量最高,Se的含量最低;与同科植物体比较,京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素Fe、Mn含量处于中等水平,Zn、Cu含量处于下游水平。     

桉树不同成熟度叶片营养元素内循环特征

揭示桉树人工林不同成熟度的叶片器官所需营养元素变化以及土壤肥力对其影响,对于桉树营林和科学施肥具有重要的生产指导意义。选取广西隆安县小林镇和田东县思林镇的桉树2代萌芽林作为研究对象,测定两个人工林嫩叶、成熟叶、黄叶的C、N、P、K、B、Ca、Mg以及土壤C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg元素含量,并进行相关分析。结果表明,植物叶片的N、P、K、Mg营养元素转移规律是黄叶向成熟叶和嫩叶转移,但C、Ca、B营养元素则是随着叶片的生长发育逐渐积累,黄叶中含量最高,说明施肥时应关注Ca、B元素的持续和有效供给。两片人工林都表现出类似的规律,说明土壤肥力的差异不影响桉树人工林叶片营养元素的内循环规律。桉树嫩叶营养元素含量及其生态化学计量比学特征具有与成熟叶和黄叶不同的表征,在营养物质研究中应予以足够重视。     

食用菌内源脂肪酸的研究

食用菌富含膳食纤维、矿物质、微量元素、维生素和多种氨基酸,是多功能理想食物。尽管食用菌脂类物质含量较低,但包含人类必需的不饱和脂肪酸,如亚油酸、油酸和亚麻酸等。通过对食用菌脂类物质研究成果进行总结,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸种类、含量及其开发利用,以期为食用菌的资源开发提供参考。     

历史街区街道界面景观要素及保护策略研究——以青岛鱼山历史文化街区为例

指出了历史文化街区是人类文明的“活化石”,是人类历史文化遗迹和日常生活的重要空间载体。历史文化街区的街道景观是街道展示景观的主要载体,通过对街道界面景观要素的提取、归纳与总结,得出街道界面景观要素由底界面、侧界面以及顶界面三大核心要素组成,并将其应用到鱼山历史文化街区街道景观内进行了分析研究,提出了一些保护策略。旨在进一步了解历史文化街区街道界面景观要素构成,为历史文化街区景观的保护提供更加清晰的思路。     

Relationships of Spectral Reflectance with Plant Tissue Mineral Elements of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Under Drought and Salinity Stresses

ABSTRACT

Salinity and drought stresses are critical for Phaseolus vulgaris L. growth and development. They affect plants in various ways, including tissue mineral element content. Micro- and macro-elements in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (cv. ‘Blue lake’ and cv. ‘Terli’) subjected to deficit irrigation and salinity treatments were investigated, both analytically and with regards to their effect on the leaves’ spectral reflectance. B (boron), K (potassium), Mn (manganese), Na (sodium), Si (silicon) and Zn (zinc) appeared to be influenced by stress factors, mainly responding to salinity increase. The leaf spectral reflectance of the plants appeared to be significantly correlated with most of the elements under investigation. Multivariate regression identified a relationship of the reflectance at particular regions of the spectrum with phosphorus and NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and indicated a significant correlation with B, Fe (iron), K, Mn, P (phosphorus) and Zn. Moreover, customized spectral indices, exhibiting significantly high correlation with B, Fe, K, Mg (magnesium), Mn, Na, P, Zn and N (nitrogen), were developed.     

AMF促进植物吸收矿质元素的生理机制及对土壤硫素的影响

由于人口不断增长,人们要快速得到高产高质粮食的要求迫切,大量使用化肥,导致了有害物质残留,土壤或水污染,土壤板结或某些营养元素相对匮乏等一系列环境问题。丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)是土壤内常见的共生结构,由AM真菌(AMF)与土壤根系形成。已有研究表明其可通过分泌代谢物,增大根系与土壤接触面积,调节某些土壤元素存在形式等多种途径,影响植物对土壤元素的吸收转运。硫是维持植物生长发育的必需元素之一,可由于植物对S的需要并不如N,P,K大量,现代农业在对土壤进行施肥过程中往往将其忽略,因此土壤缺S正逐渐成为中国农业发展的限制因素。为了解决以上问题,本文将主要对AMF影响植物吸收土壤元素的途径及生理机制进行总结分析。并根据其作用方式特点进一步分析AM共生对植物吸收转运硫素的影响,指出AMF作为生物化肥的可行性,以期为解决现代化肥的替代问题以及土壤缺硫问题提供新的思路。     

不同种源多穗柯主要生物活性成分与矿质元素含量变异分析

【目的】阐明多穗柯主要药用活性成分与矿质元素的种源遗传变异规律。【方法】对设置在江西省分宜县多穗柯全分布区的5个种源试验林植株叶部根皮苷、三叶苷、总黄酮、有机碳、氮、磷和钾元素含量进行测定、分析。【结果】不同种源多穗柯叶部根皮苷、三叶苷、总黄酮、有机碳、全氮、全磷含量差异均存在极显著差异(P <0.01)。不同种源根皮苷含量变异范围为16.03~64.35 mg·g-1,三叶苷含量变异范围分别为4.76~29.97 mg·g-1,根皮苷含量变异范围为61.59~81.05 mg·g-1,其中重庆北碚为根皮苷、有机碳、全磷和全氮含量高的种源,与其他种源相比根皮苷含量最高,四川米易三叶苷含量最高,江西分宜总黄酮含量最高。多穗柯根皮苷含量随日照时数增加呈显著降低趋势(P <0.05),三叶苷含量随无霜期增加呈显著降低趋势,总黄酮含量随经度增加呈极显著增加的趋势,随降水量增加呈显著增加的趋势;根皮苷与全氮含量呈极显著正相关关系,有机碳与全钾含量呈显著负相关关系;聚类分析表明,5个多穗柯种源可划分为2个类群,高根皮苷、高总黄酮、低三叶苷类群和低根皮苷、低总黄酮和高三叶苷类群。【结论】多穗柯根皮苷、三叶苷、总黄酮和主要矿质元素含量具明显种源变异,重庆北碚、四川米易和江西分宜的多穗柯为优良种源。     

2019年汛期"利奇马"超强台风对沈北新区的影响

沈北新区2019年8月11—15日受到“利奇马”超强台风的影响,分析台风的过程和沈北新区的地理条件,从地理与农作物两方面用实例数据与计算比较说明受到影响的严重性,并对超强台风的应对进行了拟定。     

长江口凤鲚雌雄成体营养成分分析与比较

对长江口雌性和雄性成体凤鲚(Coilia mystus)整体的营养成分和品质进行了分析与评价。结果显示,雌、雄凤鲚整体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和灰分的质量分数分别为78.36%±1.41%、76.70%±1.20%,14.25%±1.05%、15.18%±0.12%,4.61%±1.78%、4.84%±0.27%和2.22%±0.38%、2.97%±0.64%,雌、雄间均不具有显著性差异(P0.05)。雌、雄均含有18种组成蛋白质的氨基酸,总量分别为66.20%±5.78%和65.93%±6.35%(质量分数,干样),其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量分别是25.07%±1.93%和23.95%±2.21%,两者间不具有显著性差异(P0.05),分别占氨基酸总量的37.90%和36.33%,雌、雄凤鲚的必需氨基酸组成比例均符合FAO/WHO的标准。色氨酸是雌、雄凤鲚整体的第一限制性氨基酸,蛋氨酸+胱氨酸是第二限制性氨基酸,雌、雄凤鲚整体的EAAI分别为70.73和66.99,4种鲜味氨基酸总量分别为25.99%±2.53%和26.02%±2.3%(质量分数,干样)。雌性凤鲚的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量显著低于雄性(P0.05),而多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量则显著高于雄性(P0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)两者无显著差异(P0.05)。雌性凤鲚脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为5.70%±0.24%和10.15%±1.31%,显著高于雄性凤鲚的1.05%±0.40%和1.06%±0.44%。结果表明,长江口雌、雄成体凤鲚整体的氨基酸较均衡,而雌性凤鲚的脂肪酸营养更为丰富,比雄性凤鲚具有更好的食用价值与保健作用。     

Herbage production,nutritive value and animal productivity within hardwood silvopasture,open and mixed pasture systems in Appalachia,United States

Demand for livestock food products is projected to increase dramatically through to 2050. Increased livestock production capacity on marginal lands will be critical to meeting this demand. A 5‐year research effort was undertaken to evaluate lamb and sward productivity within open and hardwood silvopasture (SP) systems in Appalachia, USA. Grazing began in mid to late April each year, with the grazing season averaging 141 d. Grazing system treatments during 2002 and 2003 grazing seasons were as follows: 100% open pasture (OP), 67% OP and 33% SP, and 67% OP and 33% SP with delayed SP grazing initiation (OSD). In 2004, a 100% SP (SP) system was added. Animals were rotationally stocked through either 6 (2002–2004) or 7 (2005–2006) paddocks. Open pasture produced greater (P < 0·001) grazing season herbage yield, while all systems generated similar animal performance. Based on summer solstice, herbage production in spring was greater (P < 0·001) than summer, except in 2003. Total non‐structural carbohydrate (TNC) content was greater (P < 0·05) in spring than in summer, except in 2004. Animal performance was superior in spring versus summer (P < 0·001). Animal plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) was lower (P < 0·05) for OP in 2003. When PUN was correlated with nutritive value indicators, the ratio of TNC to crude protein (CP) had the strongest correlation. The strong correlation indicates the need for synchronized ruminal energy and CP availability. Development of silvopasture from existing woodlots has potential to improve whole farm productivity on marginal lands.