AMF促进植物吸收矿质元素的生理机制及对土壤硫素的影响

由于人口不断增长,人们要快速得到高产高质粮食的要求迫切,大量使用化肥,导致了有害物质残留,土壤或水污染,土壤板结或某些营养元素相对匮乏等一系列环境问题。丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM)是土壤内常见的共生结构,由AM真菌(AMF)与土壤根系形成。已有研究表明其可通过分泌代谢物,增大根系与土壤接触面积,调节某些土壤元素存在形式等多种途径,影响植物对土壤元素的吸收转运。硫是维持植物生长发育的必需元素之一,可由于植物对S的需要并不如N,P,K大量,现代农业在对土壤进行施肥过程中往往将其忽略,因此土壤缺S正逐渐成为中国农业发展的限制因素。为了解决以上问题,本文将主要对AMF影响植物吸收土壤元素的途径及生理机制进行总结分析。并根据其作用方式特点进一步分析AM共生对植物吸收转运硫素的影响,指出AMF作为生物化肥的可行性,以期为解决现代化肥的替代问题以及土壤缺硫问题提供新的思路。

Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi: Physiological Mechanism of Promoting Plant to Absorb Mineral Elements and Its Effect on Soil Sulfur

Because the population keeps increasing, it is urgent for people to get food with high-quality. The large-amount use of chemical fertilizer results in a series of environmental problems, such as the residue of harmful substances, soil and water pollution, soil hardening and relative lack of some nutrients, etc. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) is a symbiotic structure formed by plant roots and AM fungi (AMF), and is common in soil. Studies have shown that it can affect the absorption and transport soil elements by plant, by secreting metabolites, increasing connection between roots and soil, and regulating the forms of some soil elements. Sulfur is one of the essential elements for plants. Because the needs of S are lower than those of N, P, K, S is often ignored in the process of fertilization in modern agriculture, so the lack of S in soil is gradually becoming a limiting factor in the development of agriculture in China. In order to solve the above problem, this article mainly summarizes and analyzes the physiological mechanism of AMF affecting the absorption and transport of soil mineral elements by plants. And according to the characteristics of its action, we analyze the influence of AM symbiosis on sulfur absorption and transport by plant, point out the feasibility of AMF used as biological fertilizer, and provide new ideas for fertilizer reduction and soil sulfur deficiency.