Characterization of bovine ileal epithelial cell line for lectin binding,susceptibility to enteric pathogens,and TLR mediated immune responses

In this study, primary and immortalized bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs) were characterized for the expression of surface carbohydrate moieties. Primary BIEC-c4 cells showed staining greater than 90 % for 16 lectins but less than 50 % staining for four lectins. Immortalized BIECs showed significantly different lectin binding profile for few lectins compared to BIEC-c4 cells. BIEC-c4 cells were studied for infectivity to E. coli, Salmonella enterica, bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus. Bovine strain E. coli B41 adhered to BIEC-c4 cells and Salmonella strains S. Dublin and S. Mbandaka showed strong cell invasion. BIEC-c4 cells were susceptible to bovine rotavirus. LPS stimulation upregulated IL-10, IL-8, and IL-6 expression and Poly I:C upregulated TLR 8 and TLR 9 expression. This study provides important knowledge on the glycoconjugate expression profile of primary and immortalized BIECs and infectivity and immune responses of primary BIECs to bacterial and viral pathogens or ligands.     

Effect of miRNA-33 on ABCA1/ABCG1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells after Hcy treatment

AIM:To study whether homocysteine (Hcy) inhibits the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1) by microRNA-33 (miRNA-33) signaling, and reduces the efficiency of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).METHODS:RAW264.7 macrophages were induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to establish foam cell model. Oil red O staining was used to determine whether the model was established successfully. miRNA-33 mimics and miRNA-33 inhibitor were transfected into the cells by Lipofectamine 2000, and the cells were exposed to Hcy at concentration of 5 mmol/L for 24 h. The intracellular lipid droplets were observed by Oil red O staining. The expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The cellular cholesterol content was analyzed by HPLC, and effluent rate of cholesterol was detected by the method of liquid scintillation counting.RESULTS:Compared with blank control group, the lipid content in miRNA-33 mimics group was increased, and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 at mRNA and protein levels was decreased (P<0.05). The intracellular cholesterol content was increased gradually (P<0.05), and the cellular cholesterol efflux rate was gradually decreased (P<0.05) in miRNA-33 mimics group. Compared with blank control group, the testing results in miRNA-33 inhibitor group were the opposition of those in miRNA-33 mimics group (P<0.05). No diffe-rence of the above indexes among blank control group, miRNA-33 mimics-NC group and miRNA-33 inhibitor-NC group was observed.CONCLUSION:Hcy inhibits the mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1 through miRNA-33 signaling, and reduces the efficiency of RCT in RAW264.7 macrophage-derived foam cells.     

鸡源株与人源株H9N2流感病毒血凝素受体结合位点氨基酸比较与分析

H19N2病毒可以感染多种禽类和哺乳动物，包括人类。流感病毒血凝素受体结合位点的氨基酸可以影响受体结合特性。为了解鸡源株与人源株H19N2病毒受体结合部氨基酸的差异，作者对二者进行了比较与分析，结果表明，鸡源株与人源株血凝素受体结合部位氨基酸的第137、183、190、226位点存在差异，鸡源株在这些位点分别为K、N、AorVorT、LorQ而人源株则分别为R、H、E、L。虽然尚不清楚这些位点的改变对病毒与细胞亲和力及宿主范围的影响，但由于H9N2在我国养鸡业的普遍存在，加强H9N2病毒的分子流行病学监测有重要意义。     

棉花黄萎病菌毒素结合位点初探

以纯化的棉花黄萎病菌毒素(PLPC)免疫新西兰白兔制备了PLPC特异性抗血清。将PLPC(15μg·ml 1)用不同浓度的抗体(1～20μg·ml 1IgG)吸附后处理泗棉3号的切根苗,毒素所引起的症状都有不同程度的减轻。表明所制备的抗体在与毒素发生特异性免疫学反应的同时,可部分封闭毒素分子上与毒素受体结合的位点。利用竞争ELISA测定了泗棉3号幼苗子叶的质膜制剂与PLPC的结合活性。结果表明,质膜制剂与毒素结合后能部分阻断毒素与其抗体的免疫学反应,即质膜制剂中含有毒素的结合位点。分别用胰蛋白酶和煮沸处理质膜制剂后,质膜制剂对毒素与其抗体的反应的抑制作用消失,初步表明质膜制剂中与毒素结合的是蛋白质。     

农业土地规模经营的理论探讨

实现农业土地规模经营,有利于生产力有效运转并取得最佳的规模效益。其适度性受各种因素的影响,具有区域性和动态性。规模经营与劳动生产率有着密切的关系,应该在确保提高土地生产率的基础上来提高劳动生产和土地规模经营的效益。土地适当集中、土地经营主体的总人数尽量精简和劳动组合的优化是优化土地经营规模的三个相互制约的因素。要采取积极的措施逐步实现土地的规模经营。对现有土地经营形式要做具体分析,其调整应从有利于生产力发展出发,在尊重群众意愿的基础上稳步进行。     

NH_4~+-N与NO_3~--N不同配比对菠菜生长及食用品质的影响

为探究氮素形态对菠菜生长和品质的影响,试验采用盆钵培养的方法,在总氮浓度为15 mmol/L的条件下,设置了5种NO_3~--N与NH_4~+-N配比(分别为100:0、75:25、50:50、25:75和0:100),测定了5种铵硝配比条件下菠菜生长与品质相关指标。结果表明:与NH_4~+-N相比,NO_3~--N更有利于菠菜生长与Vc积累。适当增加NH_4~+-N比例后,Vc含量虽显著降低,但对菠菜的生长却无显著影响,并可显著降低可食用部分硝酸盐含量。因此,为了提供高产、低硝酸盐的优质菠菜,笔者认为适宜的NO_3~--N?NH_4~+-N为50:50。     

切根与不同形态氮素对板栗苗木根系构型及生长的影响

为探明不同调控技术对板栗根系构型的影响和对板栗生长发育的作用效果,以期为培育高质量板栗苗木提供科学依据,采用大田板栗苗木为对象进行切根(切根深度分别为12、8、4 cm、CK)及不同形态氮素(尿素、硝酸钠、CK)追肥试验。结果表明:苗高生长量最大的处理为X2N2,地径生长量最大的处理为X4N1,不同处理苗木地径生长量差异性不显著;在同样切根深度的处理下,施用尿素的苗木在根系总根长、总表面积、总体积上均大于施用硝酸钠的苗木,也即NH^+4较NO^-3对板栗苗木根系生长发育具有更好的促进效果;X1N1、X2N1、X2N3处理在不同径级侧根的根长、根表面积、根体积上分别达到最高,差异性显著(P<0.05)。综合考虑苗木根系指标和形态指标,X2N1即切根深度8 cm结合施用尿素为板栗苗木根系的最佳调控处理。     

以彝人古镇为例论我国新兴旅游形式的发展

旅游是社会生产力发展到一定阶段的产物,是人们在满足了基本生活需要的基础上逐渐所形成的更高层次的消费需求,随着经济的发展以及社会不断的进步,人们思维方式的不断转变对于旅游的要求也逐渐发生了转变。