不同小麦日粮对肉仔鸡肉质、脂肪酸合成酶mRNA与脂蛋白脂肪酶mRNA表达的影响

本文旨在研究不同小麦日粮对肉仔鸡生长、肉质及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)mRNA与脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)mRNA表达的影响。选用300只艾维因肉仔鸡公雏,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复15只鸡,5组分别饲喂玉米日粮和4种水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖(WSAX)含量不同的小麦日粮,试验期为6周。结果表明:①随着小麦日粮中WSAX含量的增加,肉仔鸡的生长明显降低;②小麦日粮显著增加了肌肉持水力,并随小麦WSAX含量增加而升高的趋势显著(P<0.01),剪切力也随之增加(P<0.05)。饲喂小麦日粮的肉仔鸡其肉色显著低于玉米日粮组(P<0.01),各小麦日粮组间差异不显著。当小麦WSAX含量较高时,小麦日粮可以显著降低肉仔鸡肌肉脂肪和胆固醇含量(P<0.05)。各处理间胸肌、腿肌含水量无差异(P>0.05);③小麦日粮显著降低FASmRNA在肉仔鸡肝中的表达量(P<0.01),并且随日粮WSAX含量增加而表达水平降低的趋势明显。各处理间LPLmRNA表达量的差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究表明:①当小麦中WSAX含量较低时,对肉仔鸡增重和肉质的影响较小,是玉米理想的替代品;②当小麦中WASX含量较高,则会严重影响肉仔鸡的增重、肉质及FASmRNA在肝脏中的表达,不宜在肉仔鸡日粮中大量添加。     

Effect of coconut palm wine (Toddy) on carbohydrate metabolism in pregnant rats and fetuses

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of an alcoholic beverage (Toddy) and the equivalent quantity of ethanol on carbohydrate metabolism in utero. Female rats were exposed to Toddy from coconut palm (24.5 ml/kg body weight/day) and ethanol (0.52 ml/kg body weight/day) for 15 days before conception and throughout gestation. On the 19th day of gestation, hypoglycemia was seen in both the treated groups, but it was more in the Toddy-treated group. Synthesis of glycogen was elevated on exposure to ethanol/Toddy but its degradation was enhanced only in alcohol-exposed rats. Key enzymes of citric acid cycle and gluconeogenesis were inhibited on administration of both alcohol and Toddy. Activity of glycolytic enzymes were increased. Toddy seemed to potentiate the toxicity induced by alcohol, indicating the additive effects of congeners.     

Effect of exposure to a country liquor (Toddy) during gestation on lipid metabolism in rats

The objective of this study was to determine theeffects of country liquor Toddy and its equivalentquantity of ethanol on lipid metabolism duringgestation in rats. Female rats weighing an average of125 g were exposed to Toddy (24.5 ml/body weight/day)and ethanol (0.52 ml/kg body weight/day) for 15 daysbefore conception and throughout gestation. On the19th day of gestation, altered liver function andhyperlipidemia was seen in both the treated groups.Altered liver function was evidenced by the increasedactivity of alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehydedehydrogenase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase oraspartate amino transferase (GOT), glutamic pyruvictransaminase or alanine amino transferase (GPT) andgamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Hyperlipidemiawas caused by increased biosynthesis and decreaseddegradation of lipids. The incorporation of ¹⁴Cacetate in lipids and activities of HMG CoA reductaseand lipogenic enzymes were elevated and activity ofLPL and bile acids contents were decreased. Toddytreated rats were more severely affected than thosereceiving an equivalent quantity of ethanol. Toddyseemed to potentiate the toxicity induced by alcoholindicating the role of the nonethanolic portion.Hepatic functions were also affected.     

填饲鹅肝脏组织中脂肪酸沉积与FAS基因mRNA的表达丰度

【目的】研究不同填饲期肥肝鹅肝脏组织中不同脂肪酸沉积与脂肪酸合成酶（fatty acid synthetase,FAS）基因mRNA的表达丰度及相关性。【方法】对200只100日龄青农灰鹅进行填饲,从填饲0 d起,每隔6 d屠宰1次,共6次。每次随机选取10只,每只为1个重复,屠宰测定肥肝重、肝中脂肪含量、各种脂肪酸含量和FAS基因mRNA的表达丰度。【结果】①肥肝重随填饲时间的延长而增加,肝中粗脂肪含量（ether extract,EE）随肝重的增加而增加,以填饲18-24 d鹅的肥肝增重最快（504.67 g/6 d）,12-18 d的次之。②肝中饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）的含量随着填饲时间的延长而增加,尤其是在12-18和18-24 d这两个阶段的沉积最为明显,而多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）主要是在填饲后期（18-30 d）沉积;在整个填饲过程中,各种脂肪酸的沉积表现为填饲后期显著大于填饲前期（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;填饲30 d时沉积量较大的脂肪酸为肉豆蔻酸（C14﹕0）、棕榈酸（C16﹕0）、硬脂酸（C18﹕0）、棕榈油酸（C16﹕1）、油酸（C18﹕1）、二十碳烯酸（C20﹕1）和亚油酸（C18﹕2）,每100 g组织中的含量分别为0.6028 、17.72、7.25、2.75、37.42、0.3078和0.43 g。③FAS基因mRNA的表达丰度随肝脏增重和脂肪沉积速度的增加呈现出先增加后迅速降低的趋势,填饲24 d时极显著高于其它时期（P＜0.01）;0-24 d鹅肝脏组织中FAS基因mRNA表达丰度与肥肝重、EE、SFA和MUFA存在极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,而与PUFA存在弱负相关且差异不显著（P＞0.05）,30 d时相关性不显著（P＞0.05）。【结论】①鹅肝中EE、SFA和MUFA的含量随填饲时间和肝重的增加而增加;填饲18-24 d鹅肝脏增重和EE、SFA和MUFA的沉积速度最快;②FAS基因mRNA的表达对肥肝鹅肝脏中脂肪的沉积具有填饲前、中期快速增加,填饲后期下降的调控作用。     

脂肪酸合成酶基因的研究进展

在脂肪酸的合成过程中,脂肪酸合成酶(fatty acid synthase,FAS)是一种多功能的复合酶,是合成脂肪酸的关键酶,因此,动物体内脂肪酸合成酶蛋白的多寡、活性的高低对动物脂肪酸的合成及体脂的沉积具有重要的意义。近年来,国内外大量的研究报道了脂肪酸合成酶对脂肪合成、代谢的调控。作者将从脂肪酸合成酶基因结构特征,其与能量代谢及体脂沉积的关系,以及日粮养分与激素对脂肪酸合成酶基因的表达调控研究进行综述。     

日粮不同蛋白水平对绵羊脂肪和肌肉中FAS基因表达的影响

选择年龄、体质量相近的杂交母羊(萨福克♂×小尾寒羊♀)24只,随机分为3组,分别饲喂不同蛋白水平的日粮:中蛋白日粮(150 g.d-1)、低蛋白日粮(112.5 g.d-1)和高蛋白日粮(187.5 g.d-1)。采用半定量RT-PCR的方法,检测日粮不同蛋白水平对绵羊脂肪和肌肉中FAS基因表达的影响。结果表明:日粮的蛋白质水平影响绵羊腹部皮下脂肪、肠系膜脂肪和半腱肌组织中FAS基因的表达,随着日粮蛋白质水平的升高FAS表达量降低。FAS基因表达量在各组织间有差异,腹部皮下脂肪、肠系膜脂肪中,中蛋白组和低蛋白组间表达差异不显著(P0.05),高蛋白组显著低于中蛋白组和低蛋白组(P0.05);在半腱肌组织中,中蛋白组与高蛋白组和低蛋白组间均差异显著(P0.05),高蛋白组极显著低于低蛋白组(P0.01)。     

西农萨能奶山羊脂肪酸合酶基因启动子的克隆及活性测定

【目的】克隆测定西农萨能奶山羊脂肪酸合酶基因（Fatty Acid Synthase,FAS）启动子的全长序列,进行活性区域分析,为奶山羊FAS基因功能和表达调控机理研究提供依据。【方法】根据牛和人脂肪酸合酶基因启动子的同源序列以及西农萨能奶山羊脂肪酸合酶基因5′UTR区域,分别设计上、下游引物,以西农萨能奶山羊全血DNA为模板克隆启动子序列。依据生物信息学分析结果重设引物,将FAS启动子基因分段克隆并连接到荧光素酶表达载体PGL-3,与Psv-β-半乳糖苷酶对照载体共转染293、MCF-7细胞,进行荧光素酶活性检测和β-半乳糖苷酶的活性检测。【结果】FAS基因启动子序列全长2 640 bp,与牛、人FAS启动子序列同源性90％以上,包括数个潜在SP1、Ets、LSF等转录因子结合位点和CCAAT框、GC框。-1 040—-340 bp处可能包含启动子活性中心,通过启动子缺失片段试验将活性中心范围缩小至-721—-540 bp之间。【结论】通过克隆FAS基因启动子区域,分析表明启动子前端存在负调控元件,找出了启动子最小活性中心。     

脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)的SNP与鹅肥肝性能关联研究

脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)是脂肪合成中的关键酶之一,以其为候选基因,采用PCR-SSCP方法对FAS的SNP不同基因型与朗德鹅的肥肝性能进行相关分析.结果表明:朗德鹅的FAS有EE、EF和FF 3种基因型,基因型频率分别为0.380,0.380,0.240,E和F的基因频率分别为0.569,0.431.EF和FF基因型的鹅肥肝重显著高于EE基因型(P＜0.05),EF与FF基因型间差异不显著(P＞0.05).初步研究结果认为,FAS基因可以作为鹅肥肝性状的候选分子遗传标记.     

饲粮水平对猪IMF含量、脂肪酸合成酶mRNA表达量及血液激素含量的影响

试验选用84头10 kg左右杜洛克×长白×大约克(DLY)三元杂交阉公猪,随机分成2组,组内设6个重复,每个重复7头猪,研究了在NRC(1998)标准(对照组)、荣昌猪(GB 7223-1987)饲养标准(试验组)2种饲粮条件下营养水平对DLY猪生长肥育期背最长肌I MF含量、HSL及FAS mRNA表达量和血液激素含量的影响。结果表明:降低饲粮营养水平可降低35、80及110 kg DLY猪血清胰岛素含量和35及80 kg猪生长激素含量;同时可升高20、50及110 kg DLY猪血清肾上腺素含量和35、50及110 kg DLY猪胰高血糖素含量。各阶段试验组背最长肌肌内脂肪含量均高于对照组,DLY猪50 kg时达到了显著水平;除50 kg组外,其余各阶段试验组背最长肌HSL mRNA及FAS mRNA表达量均高于对照组;降低饲粮营养水平有升高20、35及80 kg DLY猪FAS mRNA/HSL mRNA的趋势。     

Replacement of a large portion of fish oil by vegetable oils does not affect lipogenesis, lipid transport and tissue lipid uptake in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.)

In order to investigate the impact of dietary lipid sources on mechanisms involved in lipid deposition, three groups of European seabass fingerlings with average initial body weight of 5.2 ± 1.0 g were fed three diets differing only by lipid source. These diets were: 100% anchovy oil (diet A), 40% anchovy oil-60% mix of vegetable oils (35% linseed, 15% palm, 10% rapeseed) (diet B) and 40% anchovy oil-60% mix of vegetable oils (24% linseed, 12% palm, 24% rapeseed) (diet C). After 64 weeks of rearing, when seabass reached the size of 160 g, the activity of lipogenic enzymes (fatty acid synthetase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme) in liver and of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in perivisceral adipose tissue, liver and white muscle were measured. Transport of lipid by lipoproteins was examined by determining plasma lipid composition and lipoprotein classes. Dietary oil source did not modify growth performance or lipid content of flesh and liver of seabass. Replacement of 60% of fish oil by the two mixtures of vegetable oils had no significant effect on hepatic lipogenesis and activity of LPL in liver and adipose tissue. Activity of LPL in white muscle was decreased in fish fed diet C compared to those fed diets A and B. Diets containing the mixture of vegetable oils led to lowered plasma, VLDL and LDL cholesterol levels compared to diet A.It is concluded that replacing 60% of fish oil by the two mixtures of vegetable oils in the feeds of European seabass fingerlings until they reach the size of 160 g has no marked effect on growth performance, lipogenesis and tissue lipid uptake but has a hypocholesterolemic effect.