提高蛋白质乳化功能性的研究

蛋白质是食品加工中的重要原料,其乳化性对食品品质非常重要。本文综述了通过物理改性、化学改性、生物酶法改性、基因工程改性及复合改性等方法技术来提高食品蛋白质的乳化功能性,并为今后食品蛋白质加工过程中利用改性方法来提高乳化性提供一定理论基础和新的思路。     

Introduction to the International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health and research progress in lipid science and health

The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.     

基于辐射和温度的ET0模型在吐鲁番地区的比较与修正

利用吐鲁番地区3个气象站2000—2015年逐日气象资料,以FAO-56 Penman-Monteith(FAO-56 PM)模型为标准,对6种ET_0模型(M-A模型、P-T模型、M-H模型、H-S模型、Traj模型和B-H模型)进行评价并修正,采用均方根误差(RMSE)、绝对平均误差(MAE)、平均相对误差(MRE)评价指标和Wilcoxon非参数检验法比较年、月尺度上各模型修正前后的估算精度,以筛选适用吐鲁番地区ET_0简化估算模型。结果表明:吐鲁番地区ET_0的主要影响因子是R_s(太阳辐射),其次是e_s(饱和水汽压)和R_n(作物表面净辐射);修正前,年尺度上,M-H模型的估算精度最高;月尺度上,各模型误差较大且与FAO-56 PM模型存在显著差异,适用性较差;修正后,各模型在年、月尺度上的精度均有明显提高,无显著差异,其中修正后的P-T、M-H和B-H模型估算精度最高,可作为吐鲁番地区ET_0简化估算模型。     

汽车变速器齿轮修形仿真分析

汽车变速器的关键部件齿轮因其加工和装配质量的影响,工作时容易引起振动噪声大及承载能力降低等问题,而齿轮修形是解决这些问题的有效方法,且成本较低。针对某款汽车变速器,利用Romax对齿轮进行修形分析。结果表明,修形后减小了齿轮的传动误差和最大接触应力,齿面载荷分布更加合理。有效改善了齿轮的传动性能,增加了齿轮寿命。     

改性纤维素的吸附性能及应用研究进展

纤维素作为天然生物基材料来源广泛,纤维素的改性及其在吸附方面的应用一直作为研究的热点。笔者介绍了纤维素基本结构,综述了纤维素化学改性方法以及改性纤维素对水体污染物吸附能力的提高。重点从改性纤维素良好的吸附性、吸附机理以及对水体中金属离子和水体中氮磷的吸附性展开叙述。提出了改性纤维素可应用于土壤当中,以期为土壤改良、作物高产提供全面的科学解释;同时改性纤维素可与肥料相结合,提高肥料利用率减缓因施肥造成的面源污染等问题。     

膨润土改性及对水中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

目的 提高膨润土对水中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能。方法 采用氢氧化钠和壳聚糖对膨润土进行改性，分别得到碱改性膨润土（B-NaOH）、壳化膨润土（B-CS）和壳化碱改性膨润土（B-NaOH-CS）。以钠基膨润土（B）为对照，利用红外光谱仪、扫描电镜和比表面积分析仪表征3种改性膨润土的理化性质，研究其对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附性能。结果 B-NaOH-CS中出现了强N—H吸收峰以及增强的C—H对称弯曲峰，同时B-NaOH-CS表面片状结构卷曲分散，层间孔隙增多，比表面积是其他膨润土的1.2倍以上。当Cr（Ⅵ）质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1时，B-NaOH-CS对Cr（Ⅵ）的平衡吸附量为1.03 mg·g^-1，分别是B-CS、B-NaOH的1.26、1.84倍。描述膨润土吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的动力学过程，准二级动力学模型优于准一级动力学模型；描述膨润土吸附Cr（Ⅵ）的热力学过程，Langmuir等温模型优于Freundlich等温模型。热力学参数△H>0、△G<0、△S>0，表明膨润土吸附Cr（Ⅵ）为吸热、自发、无序反应。B-NaOH在pH=7.0时对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附量最大，B-CS、B-NaOH-CS在pH = 3.0时对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附量最大。结论 B-NaOH-CS对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附效果最好，改性膨润土对去除Cr（Ⅵ）污染有重要作用。     

Effects of genetically modified and non‐genetically modified soybeans with different heat treatments on growth and health of Cyprinidae species with different feeding habits

An 8‐week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of non‐genetically modified (nGM) soybean (Youchun 06‐1) and genetically modified (GM) soybean (Roundup Ready^®) with and without a heat treatment on the growth and health of three Cyprinidae species with different feeding habits (grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus, gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio, and black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus; body weight: 283.0 ± 2.0 g, 60.5 ± 0.7 g, and 261.4 ± 3.1 g). Five diets (FM, nGMS, hnGMS, GMS, and hGMS) were made with fishmeal and full‐fat soybean (Youchun 06‐1, heat‐treated Youchun 06‐1, Roundup Ready^®, and heat‐treated Roundup Ready^®). The FM diet contained fishmeal as the sole protein source. The experimental diets contained full‐fat soybean meal as 60% of dietary protein. Both temperature (60, 80, 100, and 120°C) and duration (1 and 2 hr) of heating influenced trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and protein solubility of nGM soybean and GM soybean. The TIA in GM soybean was higher than that in nGM soybean. After heating at 120°C for 2 hr, each amino acid of soybean treatment showed a slight decline. Neither source of soybean nor heat treatment affected the growth performance, feed utilization, chemical composition of the whole fish body and muscle, and lipase or amylase activity of the three Cyprinidae species (p > 0.05). Heat treatment of soybean meal slightly increased the plasma antioxidant capacity of the three fish and plasma cholecystokinin of black carp and grass carp. The unheated soybean treatment adversely affected the height and density of black carp intestinal villi, and all the soybean treatments caused disruption of the grass carp intestinal epithelium.     

桐油基改性树脂研究进展

从桐油的分子结构特征出发,综述了桐油基共聚树脂、桐油基改性醇酸树脂、桐油基改性酚醛树脂、桐油基增强复合材料及功能改性涂料等研究领域的最新研究进展,通过进一步认识桐油基改性树脂的研究进展,以期为桐油基改性树脂在各个领域的研究和应用提供参考。