Analysis of the Abnormal Segregation of Pathogenicity in Magnaporthe grisea by Using a Genetic Cross of Oryza and Eleusine Isolates

A genetic cross between Oryza isolate Y93-164a-1 and Eleusine isolate SA98-4 was established, and the pathogenicity of 151 F1 progeny isolates was investigated on both host plants rice and finger millet. Results showed that the segregation of pathogenicity in this genetic cross was abnormal, i.e., most of the progeny isolates were nonpathogenic on both host plants. However, no abnormal segregation was observed when middle repetitive sequence MGR586 and 31 single-copy RFLP markers from all of the chromosomes were genetically analyzed. At the same time, comparison of the chromosomal organization among two pairs of parental isolates did not find any genomic abnormity. These results suggested that the ＂abnormal＂ inheritance of pathogenicity in this cross was most likely due to the reassortment of numerous host species specificity genes but not the biased segregation of the host species specificity genes. The host species specificities in M. grisea were likely to be multigenically controlled, at least in the genetic cross involving rice pathogen and the grasses pathogen other than rice.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌实时荧光定量PCR快速检测方法的建立与应用研究

根据GenBank登录的鸭疫里默氏杆菌外膜蛋白(OmpA)基因保守区序列,设计引物和探针,建立了直接检测鸭疫里默氏杆菌的实时荧光定量PCR快速方法。10倍梯度稀释RA菌株制备DNA模板测定方法的灵敏度,结果可在8.0×103CFU/mL浓度下特异地检测出目的菌,最低能检测到RA的DNA模板为8.0拷贝/μL;对鸭源大肠杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、沙门氏菌、变形杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌进行检测,结果均为阴性,建立的实时荧光定时PCR方法特异性强。用RA菌株人工感染雏鸭,感染后定时采集咽喉拭子、泄殖腔拭子、心血、肝脏、肺脏、脑,分别用实时荧光定量PCR检测,对脏器进行病原菌分离。结果表明,1/10半数致死量接种组,感染后8 h从心血、肝脏、脑组织检测到RA核酸,16 h后全部试样呈阳性;24 h首先从肝脏分离到RA,心血、肝脏、肺脏、脑组织均分离出RA。心血和脏器RA实时荧光定量PCR阳性检出率为63.8%(51/80),RA分离率为28.8%(23/80)。10个半数致死量接种组,1 h即可从咽喉拭子、心血和肝检测到RA核酸,5 h全部样品为阳性;5 h从肺和脑分离到RA。RA人工感染鸭的心血、肝脏、肺脏、脑实时荧光定量PCR阳性检出率为86.3%(69/80),RA分离率为60%(48/80)。用加热裂解法提取样品RA DNA只需30 min,建立的实时荧光定量PCR检测RA只需2 h,适用于RA的快速诊断、流行病学调查、种鸭引进隔离检疫、活鸭及其产品国内市场和进出口检验检疫。     

阳春砂仁内生真菌多样性分析

对阳春砂仁(Amomum villosum Lour.)健康植株内生真菌的多样性进行了初步分析,从其444块根、茎和叶组织中共分离到273株内生真菌,根据其形态学特征鉴定了其中的269株分属于13个分类单元;多样性分析表明,阳春砂仁内生真菌的分布具有一定的组织特异性.     

基于非对称性演化博弈的物流联盟专用性资产的投资分析

应用非对称性演化博弈模型,分析物流联盟内供需双方的长期策略学习和调整过程,得出4种可能的长期演化稳定策略,继而将推理引入物流联盟专用性资产的投资分析,得出信任机制的对等与健全不仅可以促进物流联盟间保持良好的信任关系,而且可以促进专用性资产投资的高效率,因而信任约束机制的完善对物流联盟的稳定性和物流联盟专用性投资的高效率具有极其重要的意义。     

Application of Current Hapten in the Production of Broad Specificity Antibodies Against Organophosphorus Pesticides

Diethylphosphono acetic acid （DPA） was used as a current hapten to generate broad specificity polycolonal antibodies against a group of organophosphorus pesticides. Six New Zealand white rabbits were immunized with immunogens synthesized by the active ester method （AEM） or 1-ethyl-3-（3-dimethylaminopropyl）-carbodimide method （EDC）. The titers of antisera reached 25 600 by AEM and 6 400 by EDC, respectively. Polyclonal antibodies raised against DPA were screened and selected for the competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （CI-ELISA）. A CI-ELISA for DPA was developed with a detection limit of 3.536 ng mL^-1and an I50 value of 0.182 μg mL^-1. The assay specificity was evaluated by obtaining competitive curves for several structurally related compounds as competitors. The antiserum showed high affinities to chlorpyrifos, diazinon, omethoate, parathion-ethyl and profenofos with I50 of 0.12, 0.15, 0.21, 0.88, 0.97 and 2.5 μg mL^-1, respectively. The results indicate that the assay could be a screening tool for quantitation and semiquantitation determination of the above former five organophosphorus pesticides.     

Bonamia in Ostrea angasi: Diagnostic performance,field prevalence and intensity

Bonamia spp. parasites threaten flat oyster (Ostrea spp.) farming worldwide. Understanding test performance is important for designing surveillance and interpreting diagnostic results. Following a pilot survey which found low Bonamia sp. intensity in farmed Ostrea angasi, we tested further oysters (n = 100–150) from each of three farms for Bonamia sp. using heart smear, histology and qPCR. We used a Bayesian Latent Class Model to assess diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) of these tests individually or in combination, and to assess prevalence. Histology was the best individual test (DSe 0.76, DSp 0.93) compared to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) (DSe 0.69, DSp 0.93) and heart smear (DSe 0.61, DSp 0.60). Histology combined with qPCR and defining a positive from either test as an infected case maximized test performance (DSe 0.91, DSp 0.88). Prevalence was higher at two farms in a high‐density oyster growing region than at a farm cultivating oysters at lower density. Parasite intensities were lower than in New Zealand and European studies, and this is probably contributed to differences in the performance of test when compared to other studies. Understanding diagnostic test performance in different populations can support the development of improved Bonamia surveillance programs.     

花鲈虹彩病毒交叉引物恒温扩增检测方法的建立

【目的】花鲈虹彩病毒(Lateolabrax maculatus iridovirus,LMIV)严重威胁花鲈养殖业安全,无特效防控药物,早期诊断在LMIV防控中发挥极其重要的作用。建立一种简便、快捷、准确的现场快速诊断方法,可为LMIV的基层诊断提供技术支撑。【方法】利用交叉引物恒温扩增技术(Cross priming amplification,CPA),针对LMIV ATPase基因高保守区设计1套单交叉引物。以构建的ATPase重组质粒作为阳性模板,对反应体系中的引物浓度比,Bst DNA聚合酶、Betaine、MgSO₄、dNTP浓度,以及反应温度和反应时间进行优化;结合一次性核酸试纸条,建立可视化检测LMIV-CPA的方法。【结果】最优引物浓度比组合为交叉引物CPF1.0μmol/L,引物F3和B3均为0.4μmol/L,探针引物B1(FAM)和B2(Biotin)均为0.8μmol/L;MgSO4浓度为6 mmol/L、Betaine浓度为0.4 mol/L、dNTP浓度为0.6 mmol/L、Bst DNA聚合酶浓度为0.256 U/μL;最佳反应...     

Development and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies to eight human complement components: Analysis of reactivity with orthologs of nine mammalian genera

To study complement function in mammalian leishmanioses, we developed mouse monoclonal antibodies to the human complement system components C1q, C4, factor D, factor H, factor B, properdin, C5 and C9. Antibody specificity was determined by indirect and capture ELISA and by Western blot. In flow cytometry analysis, seven antibodies recognized the cognate component on human serum-opsonized Leishmania promastigotes. Antibody reactivity was screened against promastigotes opsonized with sera of nine mammalian genera: pig, guinea pig, goat, rabbit, cat, dog, hamster, jird and rat. No antibody recognized jird epitopes on promastigotes. Anti-C4, -properdin, and -C5b reacted with the orthologous protein of all other mammals tested except cat (anti-properdin) and hamster (anti-C5b); anti-C9 only recognized the rabbit ortholog, and anti-C1q, -factor B and -factor H did not react with any of the nine orthologs. Such interspecies crossreactive antibodies can be valuable tools for analysis of mammalian complement function in infectious diseases.     

化脓隐秘杆菌间接免疫荧光方法的建立及应用

通过制备兔抗化脓隐秘杆菌(Trueperella pyogenes)高免血清,筛选固定方法、封闭液、洗涤液、抗体稀释度、抗体孵育时间等应用条件,建立一种检测化脓隐秘杆菌的间接免疫荧光方法。结果表明:用冷丙酮作固定剂,10%山羊血清作封闭液,0.05%Tween–20的0.01 mol/L pH 7.4 PBS(磷酸缓冲盐溶液)作洗涤液,兔抗化脓隐秘杆菌高免血清(一抗)1∶50稀释,37℃作用2 h,羊抗兔FITC(二抗)1∶100稀释,37℃作用2 h,草酸铵结晶紫衬染菌体3 min,对纯培养物化脓隐秘杆菌检测,可见清晰的特异性荧光,能区分溶血隐秘杆菌、伪结核棒状杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、沙门氏菌、猪链球菌;在人工感染化脓隐秘杆菌死亡小鼠的心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏及发病山羊临床病料中均能检出化脓隐秘杆菌。