长江上游中华金沙鳅和短身金沙鳅线粒体遗传多样性研究

为了解中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)及短身金沙鳅(J.abbreviate)遗传多样性,本研究采用线粒体DNA控制区序列,对长江上游巴南、江津、合江、宜宾、犍为、巧家、宁南和攀枝花等8个群体的中华金沙鳅(Jinshaia sinensis)及巴南、合江和犍为3个群体的短身金沙鳅(J.abbreviate)的遗传多样性进行研究。结果显示:中华金沙鳅和短身金沙鳅的遗传结构存在差异,中华金沙鳅的遗传多样性较高,单倍型多样性(Hd)和核苷酸多样性(Pi)分别为0.999和0.0182;而短身金沙鳅的遗传多样性水平较低(Hd:0.411,Pi:0.0005)。分子变异方差分析(AMOVA)显示两种鱼均无显著地理遗传分化,但单倍型系统发育树和网络结构图揭示了中华金沙鳅存在群体内遗传分化,形成三个谱系,表明缺乏长期亚群体隔离和高水平基因流。中性检验和Bayesian skyline plot(BSP)结果表明,中华金沙鳅在历史上曾发生过群体扩张事件,扩张时间约在10万~17万年前。     

青蛤生境及生长

青蛤生境及生长ＨＡＢＩＴＡＴＡＮＤＧＲＯＷＴＨＯＦＣＬＡＭ（ＣＹＣＬＩＮＡＳＩＮＥＮＳＩＳＧＭＥＬＩＮ）￥ＹｕＹｅｓｈａｏａｎｄＷａｎｇＨｕｉ（ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａＦｉｓｈｅｒｉｅｓＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ，ＡＳＦ，Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ２０...     

中华鳖“红底板病”病原菌的研究及防治

本文阐述了中华鳖红底板病的流行病学,病原菌的分离、培养、生化鉴定和菌体DNAGC mol％的测定以及毒性试验等,确定了致病菌为气单胞菌属;通过药敏试验及生产实践,提出了有效的防治措施。     

中华倒刺鲃肌肉营养成分与品质的评价

利用常规肌肉营养测试方法测定分析5尾中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)的肌肉营养成分。结果表明，中华倒刺鲃肌肉(鲜样)中粗蛋白质量分数19．22％，粗脂肪质量分数1．96％，水分质量分数77．0％，灰分质量分数1．62％，碳水化合物质量分数0．18％。肌肉中含有17种氨基酸，总量为73．61％(质量分数，干样)，其中7种人体必需氨基酸(不包括色氨酸)总量是32．26％，占氨基酸总量的43．83％；其必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合FAO／WHO的标准。中华倒刺鲃的限制性氨基酸为(蛋氨酸 胱氨酸)、缬氨酸和(苯丙氨酸 酪氨酸)，必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为71．34，4种鲜味氨基酸总质量分数为24．22％(干样)。脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为0．87％、3．08％，比其他经济鱼类均高，微量元素比值合理，表明中华倒刺鲃有较高的食用价值与保健作用。     

中华鲟小水体养殖试验初报

在7.2m^3水泥池中，采和人工配制饲料对中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis)进行养殖试验，通过4个阶段180d的养殖，鱼尾均增重1817.5g,日均增重分别为8．5，8．9，9．2，12．3，饲料系数为1．96，2．12，2．33，2．21。中华鲟在水水温处于8－29，1℃时均可摄食生长，利用人工配制养殖中华鲟的前景乐观。     

对贻贝养殖中的敌害生物中华豆蟹的繁殖和世代交替研究

本文根据在河北秦皇岛山海关东姜庄贻贝养殖海区三年来的调查研究资料，概述了中华豆蟹对贻贝养殖的危害和繁殖习性，着重探讨了中华豆蟹的世代交替情况，并提出两项改变现有贻贝养殖周期以防止中华豆蟹危害的措施．     

Biochemical composition of pond-reared and lake-stocked Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards) broodstock

The morphological characteristics, tissue indices, proximate and fatty acid compositions of hepatopancreas, gonad and muscle of pond‐reared (PR) and lake‐stocked (LS) Eriocheir sinensis broodstock were compared. Lake‐stocked crabs are characterized by a blue carapace, white abdomen, golden legs and yellow setae while PR crabs have a brown carapace, grey abdomen, black legs and similar yellow setae. The carapace length and width of PR crabs were significantly less than those of LS crabs of the same wet weight (WW). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of PR males was significantly higher, but the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly lower for PR females when compared with LS individuals of the same sex. Regardless of their origin, the muscular index (MI) of males was higher than that of females. The hepatopancreas of LS crabs had higher protein levels and lower lipid levels compared with PR crabs. The results of proximate analysis of male gonads from two different sources were similar, while the protein level in the ovary of LS females was higher than that of PR females. The tissues of males had higher water content but lower lipid and protein levels compared with females regardless of their source. The LS crabs had higher highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels than PR crabs in their gonad and hepatopancreas. In conclusion, our results suggest that the nutritional quality of LS crabs is better than that of PR crabs, the nutritional quality of males is poorer than that of females. The reproductive performance and larval quality of crabs from these two rearing systems should be further verified.     

育苗水中添加微生物对河蟹苗成活率的影响

在中华绒螯蟹的育苗过程中，采用添加微生物的方法调节育苗水体的水质，结果表明：与对照池相比，试验池中的氨氮明显下降，溶氧量增加，pH值变化不大；河蟹各期幼体的成活率提高，从SouⅠ期幼体至大眼幼体，试验池的成活率为13.9%，对照池仅8.1%。因此，在河蟹的育苗生产上，利用添加有益微生物的水质循环装置，能有效地提高育苗产量，节约成本。     

中华绒螯蟹蜕皮过程中肌肉、肝胰脏和甲壳中钙和磷含量的变动

对中华绒螯蟹蜕皮间期和蜕皮后24h、48h和96h肌肉、肝胰脏及甲壳中钙和磷的含量进行了测定。蜕皮后肌肉中钙的含量较间期低，但从24h到48h有所增加。肝胰脏中钙的含量在蜕皮后各时间内无显著变化，甲壳中钙的含量在蜕皮后24h到96h呈增加趋势。甲壳的矿化作用在蜕皮后96h已接近完成。蜕皮后肌肉中磷的含量较间期高，以后变化不明显。蜕皮后肝胰脏中磷的含量高于间期，甲壳中含量较间期低。蜕皮后肌肉中钙磷比迅速降低，肝胰脏中钙磷比在蜕皮后24h无明显变化，但在蜕皮后24h至96h迅速降低。中华绒螯蟹蜕皮后外表皮对钙的矿化速度显著快于磷的矿化速度。     

冬虫夏草菌特征及其鉴别

僵虫似蚕,体表黄色,足8对,气微腥,味微苦。子座近圆筒形,棕褐色,柔韧细长,上部稍膨大,顶尖不孕。子囊壳基生,卵形。子囊细长,丛生自子囊壳基部,有顶帽。子囊孢子2（4）个,线形多隔,不断裂。无性阶段菌种（中国被毛孢）,生长缓慢,分生孢子梗单或簇生,分枝轮状,产孢细胞瓶形,分生孢子肾形至椭圆形,单孢,2个-4（6）个被一粘膜包围。