灵芝硒多糖SeGLP—1抑制小鼠肝腹水癌作用的研究

灵芝硒多糖SeGLP-1由葡萄糖、甘露糖、木糖、半乳糖和鼠李糖组成，与灵芝多糖一样是由α-糖苷键连接的吡喃多糖，硒在多糖内极可能是以O=Se=O的形式结合。给移杆肝腹水癌HCa-f的小鼠每日注射50mg/kg的SeGLP-1,15d后抑癌率可达80%，说明SeGLP-1的抑癌作用与其分子组成和分子结构的变化有关。     

微量元素Se缺乏或过量对雏鸡组织Se含量影响的研究

选用１０２６只１周龄罗斯蛋用雏鸡为试验动物，研究不同日粮Ｓｅ水平对雏鸡组织Ｓｅ含量的影响。结果表明雏鸡的Ｓｅ缺乏或过量均可通过各组织Ｓｅ含量的变化反映出来，但反映的敏感性及临界指示值因组织及发育期不同而异。日粮Ｓｅ水平缺乏或过量时，各组织Ｓｅ含量相应降低或增加。在本试验条件下得出罗斯蛋用雏鸡的Ｓｅ需要量范围为０．１４５×１０￣（－６）～０．４９５×１０￣（－６），其中以０．１９５×１０￣（－６）最佳；日粮Ｓｅ含量≤０．０９５×１０￣（－６）或≥０．９９５×１０￣（－６），雏鸡出现Ｓｅ缺乏症或中毒症。     

硒对山羊子宫内膜淋巴细胞体外活化作用及对其分泌细胞因子的影响

分离妊娠山羊子宫内膜淋巴细胞(Endometrial lymphocyte,EML)后,分别加入4、8、12、16 mg/L的亚硒酸钠进行体外培养,探讨硒对EML的活化作用及其对分泌细胞因子IL-2I、L-4、TGFβ1及TGFβ2的影响。结果显示,8~16 mg/L的亚硒酸钠可显著地促进山羊EML的体外活化(P<0.01),并呈剂量依赖性。EML活化后,对IL-2的分泌呈微弱的促进作用;对IL-4、TGFβ1、TGFβ2的分泌有显著的促进作用。     

酵母硒对杜寒杂交羊生长性能、血常规和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加酵母硒对杜寒杂交羊生长性能、血常规和血清生化指标的影响。选用40只体重(34kg左右)相近、健康状况良好的杜寒杂交断奶羔羊,随机分为4组,每组10只,进行单栏单只饲养。各组试验羊分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0(对照)、0.2、0.4和0.8mg/kg的硒(硒的形式为酵母硒)的试验饲粮,对应的试验饲粮中硒含量的实测值分别为0.074(对照)、0.307、0.491和0.846mg/kg。预试期10d,正试期20d。结果显示:随着硒添加量的增加,平均日增重呈先增加后降低的趋势,在硒添加量为0.2mg/kg时平均日增重最大。当硒添加量为0.2mg/kg时,杜寒杂交羊的料重比最低,极显著低于其他3个组(P<0.01)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,血小板计数最高,极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,嗜碱性粒细胞百分数最高,极显著高于0.4mg/kg组(P<0.01)。饲粮中添加不同水平的硒对其他血常规指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,血清中总蛋白、尿素氮和肌酐含量均最高,显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。0.8mg/kg组血清中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶的活性最高,显著或极显著高于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对照组血清中碱性磷酸酶的活性最高,与0.2mg/kg组差异不显著(P>0.05)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,血清中γ-谷氨酰转移酶的活性最高,极显著高于其他各组(P<0.01)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,血清中磷含量最高,极显著高于0.2和0.4mg/kg组(P<0.01)。当硒添加量为0.8mg/kg时,血清中铁含量最低,极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),同时0.4mg/kg组血清中铁含量也极显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。综合本试验测定指标,杜寒杂交羊饲粮中酵母硒形式硒的适宜添加量为0.2mg/kg(饲粮中硒含量的实测值为0.307mg/kg)。     

红曲合生元、酵母硒锗及其组合对断奶仔猪肠道结构及直肠菌群数量的影响

本试验旨在研究红曲合生元、酵母硒锗及其组合替代抗生素对断奶仔猪肠道结构及直肠菌群数量的影响。试验选用80头平均日龄（28±1） d,平均体重（7.57±0.49） kg的三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮+25 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素和45 mg/kg金霉素,Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%红曲合生元,Ⅱ组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂,Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮+0.5%酵母硒锗制剂,正式试验42 d,分3个阶段。结果表明：①与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组空肠黏膜超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性均极显著或显著升高（P<0.01;P<0.05）;与Ⅲ组相比,Ⅱ组空肠黏膜SOD活性、T-AOC均显著升高（P<0.05）。②与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组十二指肠绒毛长度和绒毛长度/隐窝深度极显著或显著提高（P<0.01;P<0.05）,Ⅱ组空肠绒毛长度/隐窝深度显著升高（P<0.05）。③试验1~14 d,与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌数量均显著下降（P<0.05）、双歧杆菌和乳酸菌数量显著或极显著增加（P<0.05;P<0.01）。试验15~28 d,与对照组相比,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组乳酸菌数量极显著或显著增加（P<0.01;P<0.05）。以上结果表明,与抗生素、红曲合生元及酵母硒锗制剂相比,复合制剂可有效改善肠道组织结构和直肠菌群结构,提高肠道健康水平。     

Effect of Se and VE Supplement on Semen Quality,Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Heat Shock Protein Expression of Goat in High Temperature Season

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of selenium and vitamin E supplement on semen quality, antioxidant enzyme activities and heat shock protein expression of goat in Hainan high temperature season.16 adult Hainan Black goat with good health and approximate weight were randomly divided into 4 groups, fed with basal diet(control group), basal diet+0.5 mg/kg Se(Se group), basal diet+100 mg/kg VE(VE group), and basal diet+0.5 mg/kg Se+100 mg/kg VE(Se+VE group), respectively.The experimental period was 93 d.Semen samples were collected in the last week of the experiment on two consecutive days.The semen quality, antioxidant enzyme activities and heat shock protein expression were analyzed.The results showed that compared with control group, the ejaculate volume was not significantly affected by Se or VE supplement(P>0.05).Sperm density and sperm motility were increased significantly by Se and VE supplement(P<0.05), and the abnormal rate was decreased extremely significantly(P<0.01).The goats fed with Se and VE also had higher activities of GSH-Px(P<0.01), SOD(P<0.05), CAT(P<0.05) and T-AOC(P<0.01), and lower MDA concentration in seminal plasma(P<0.05).The relative expression levels of HSP70 and HSP90 mRNA in supplement groups were decreased extremely significantly(P<0.01).However, there were some certain differences between the Se and VE supplement groups on semen quality and heat shock protein expression.In conclusion, the supplementation of Se and VE could help to improve goat semen quality by increasing the sperm density, sperm motility, the antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreasing the abnormal rate in hot season of Hainan.Finally, Se and VE supplement had good effects on relieving the environment heat stress.     

酵母硒、黄芪多糖及其复合剂对半番鸭生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响

本文旨在研究酵母硒、黄芪多糖及其复合剂对半番鸭生长性能、肉品质和抗氧化能力的影响。从同一批饲养的22日龄半番鸭中挑选出体重相近的144只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复12只鸭,试验期为49 d。采用2×2因子水平设计,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ组饲喂基础饲粮+0.3%酵母硒,试验Ⅱ组饲喂基础饲粮+300 mg/kg黄芪多糖,试验Ⅲ组饲喂基础饲粮+复合剂(300 mg/kg黄芪多糖+0.3%酵母硒)。试验期间测定生长性能指标,并于70日龄每组随机选择12只(每重复4只)进行屠宰,测定其胸肌肉品质和抗氧化指标。结果显示:1)试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组平均日增重、平均日采食量及料重比与对照组相比差异均不显著(P0.05);试验Ⅲ组平均日增重显著高于对照组(P0.05),平均日采食量和料重比与对照组无显著差异(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组24 h p H均显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),48 h滴水损失率、蒸煮损失率、剪切力显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);试验Ⅲ组肉色红度(a*)值显著提高(P0.05);试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组肉色黄度(b*)值均显著降低(P0.05)。3)试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组24~120 h的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均显著或极显著高于对照组(P0.05或P0.01);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组48~120 h和72~120 h的丙二醛(M DA)含量分别显著或极显著低于对照组(P0.05或P0.01),试验Ⅲ组24~120 h的MDA含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。随储存时间延长,各组SOD、GSH-Px活性和T-AOC均呈下降趋势,MDA含量则呈上升趋势,但3个试验组各抗氧化指标的变化速度比对照组缓慢。4)酵母硒和黄芪多糖对肌肉24 h p H、剪切力、24~120 h的SOD活性、48~120 h的GSH-Px活性、120 h的M DA含量有显著或极显著交互作用(P0.05或P0.01)。由此可见,酵母硒、黄芪多糖均可改善半番鸭肌肉品质和提高抗氧化能力,降低脂质过氧化程度,有效延长货架期,且二者对于肌肉抗氧化、p H和嫩度改善均具有明显的协同效应。     

日粮锌、硒水平对肉鸡肠道黏膜屏障结构的影响

为了探讨微量元素锌和硒相互作用对肉鸡肠道黏膜屏障结构的影响，将24只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分3组，分别饲喂添加有高锌高硒(锌1000mg／kg、硒5mg／kg)、低锌低硒(锌34mg／kg、硒0．08mg／kg)或常锌常硒(锌50mg／kg、硒0．15mg／kg)的日粮45d后，观察肠黏膜上皮细胞、上皮内淋巴细胞和盲肠扁桃体的形态结构变化。结果表明：高锌高硒或低锌低硒组肉鸡的肠黏膜结构有明显的损伤，表现为肠黏膜上皮细胞萎缩，绒毛长度下降，上皮内淋巴细胞数量减少；盲肠扁桃体的弥散淋巴组织和淋巴小结中，淋巴细胞数量减少，细胞出现肿胀，有的核消失，结缔组织增生，淋巴小结萎缩。尤其是高锌高硒组的损伤最为严重。而常锌常硒组肉鸡肠黏膜和盲肠扁桃体的形态结构正常。结论：日粮中按锌50mg／kg、硒0．15mg／kg的比例添加，对于维持肠道黏膜的正常屏障结构是合适的。过高或过低的锌和硒对小肠黏膜有毒性作用，破坏其屏障功能；而且高锌和高硒可相互促进以增强其毒性作用。     

单次肌注亚硒酸钠在仔猪体内的药代动力学

按 0 .2 m g/ kg单剂量对健康仔猪肌注亚硒酸钠溶液后 ,研究了其在血液中的药物代谢动力学。结果表明 :血液动力学特征符合一级吸收二室开放模型 ,其理论方程为 :C=0 .1773e- 0 .0 548t+0 .0 72 7e- 0 .0 0 2 6 t- 0 .2 5 0 0 e- 1 3.882 3t。主要动力学参数为 :吸收半衰期 (t1 /2 Ka)为 0 .0 4 99h;达峰时间 (tmax)为 0 .4 2 37h;消除半衰期 (t1 /2β)为 2 71.9311h;曲线下面积 (AU C)为 31.72 6 0 m g/ L·h;表观分布容积 (Vd)为 2 .4 72 1L/ kg。根据单剂量药动学参数 ,计算多剂量给药参数 ,为临床治疗制定给药方案。先导剂量 (D* )为 0 .5 0 89m g/ kg,维持剂量 (D0 )为 0 .2 mg/ kg,给药间隔 (τ)为 192 h,平均稳态血药浓度 (c)为 0 .16 5 2 mg/ L。     

Selenium and vitamin E deficiency in pigs. II. Influence on plasma selenium, vitamin E, ASAT and ALAT and on tissue selenium.

The effect of dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit. E) in pigs on Se and Vit. E in plasma and on Se in tissue from liver, heart, m. long, dorsi and m. psoas major was studied; and furthermore was the influence on the enzymes ASAT and ALAT studied.Two levels of Se were used, 0.03 and 0.06 mg Se per kg feed. Within each Se level 2 levels of Vit. E were used, 15 and 45 i. u. per kg feed. This resulted in 4 groups: 1. low Se and low Vit. E; 2. low Se and high Vit. E; 3. high Se and low Vit. E; 4. high Se and high Vit. E.Ten% of all pigs fed low Se, and 4% of the pigs fed low Se and high Vit. E diet died with severe symptoms of Se deficiency. None of the pigs fed the high Se diet died with such symptoms. Plasma Se determinations have been shown to indicate the Se status in pigs almost as accurately as liver Se determination. ASAT and ALAT enzyme determinations were not of any diagnostic value.There was a good agreement between dietary Vit. E level and the corresponding levels in plasma. Oxidized herring oil seems to enhance the Vit. E need.