利用APF-Ⅰ型化学引诱剂监测松褐天牛种群动态的研究

本研究选择在松褐天牛疫区湖北宜昌夷陵黄花镇、鸦鹊岭镇和武汉黄陂进行,通过使用APF-Ⅰ型化学引诱剂,监测松褐天牛种群动态变化,研究海拔高度差异和诱捕量的关系,以期为防治松褐天牛提供理论依据.结果表明,在宜昌夷陵黄花镇和鸦鹊岭镇,雌虫诱捕量明显高于雄虫,而在武汉黄陂区雄虫诱捕量高于雌虫.不同海拔高度的诱捕结果显示,诱捕量随着海拔升高逐渐增多,通过线性拟合表明具有正相关性,黄花镇、鸦鹊岭镇和黄陂地区的相关方程分别为Y=30.1157+0.1055X,Y=52.5223+0.2772X和Y=17.4218+0.0406X.     

二化螟性信息素对稻螟赤眼蜂寄生能力及田间寄生效果的影响

性信息素可用于田间诱集雄虫,干扰雌、雄虫的交配从而抑制害虫种群,但田间应用性信息素对昆虫的寄生性天敌是否产生影响,能否和卵寄生蜂协同利用,尚不明确。本文在室内测定了二化螟性信息素混合物对稻螟赤眼蜂寄生能力的影响,在田间定点挂放寄主卵并释放稻螟赤眼蜂,比较了有无二化螟性诱剂诱芯存在时寄主卵被寄生的情况。结果发现二化螟性信息素混合物影响稻螟赤眼蜂的寄生。当混合物浓度从0.01μg/μL升高到10μg/μL时,供试米蛾卵被寄生率从50.29%下降到1.71%,均显著低于对照的62.14%。寄生发生后,赤眼蜂子代的雌性比不受性信息素浓度的影响,子代雌性比在45.9%~87.0%,与对照77.8%无显著差异。田间挂放二化螟性信息素诱芯影响了释放的稻螟赤眼蜂对二化螟卵的寄生率。远离诱芯位置的卵块的被寄生率高于距离诱芯近的卵块,但挂放诱芯吸引了自然界中的松毛虫赤眼蜂和玉米螟赤眼蜂。以上结果显示二化螟性信息素影响了稻螟赤眼蜂的寄生,但不同种赤眼蜂对二化螟诱芯的反应不同。     

双极荷电凝并降低柴油机颗粒排放数量的试验研究

针对柴油机排气颗粒粒径小、数量浓度高难以控制的问题,以共轨柴油机排气颗粒为研究对象,采用自制的荷电凝并试验台,研究了在1 600和2 600 r/min转速下,荷电电压(0、5、10、15、20 k V)对排气颗粒数量浓度分布、质量密度分布、质量中位径、总数量浓度和柴油机颗粒捕集器(diesel particulate filter,DPF)捕集效率等的影响。试验结果表明,双极荷电凝并能够降低柴油机排气颗粒的总数量浓度,核模态颗粒(5~50 nm)和小于93.1 nm积聚态颗粒(50~500 nm)数量浓度降低,大于93.1 nm的积聚态颗粒数量浓度略有升高。随着荷电电压的升高,2种转速下(最大扭矩转速1 600 r/min和额定转速2 600 r/min),25%负荷、50%负荷和75%负荷时,45.3~80.6 nm峰值处颗粒数量浓度随荷电电压的升高降幅明显,100%负荷时,8.06~12.4 nm峰值处颗粒数量浓度降幅明显高于45.3~80.6 nm峰值处;颗粒质量浓度峰值向大粒径方向偏移,质量中位径范围由96~101 nm增大至102~110 nm。双极荷电凝并能够提高DPF的捕集效率,降低柴油机排气颗粒的数量和质量排放,50%负荷时,10 k V下的DPF的捕集效率较0 k V提高了9个百分点。该研究可为双极荷电凝并技术的车用提供参考。     

Can sulfur fertilisation improve the effectiveness of trap crops for diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)?

BACKGROUND: The effect of sulfur fertilisation on chemical constituents of yellow rocket, Barbarea vulgaris (R. Br.), was studied with regard to its potential use as a trap crop for the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Two types of B. vulgaris var. arcuata were used: the G‐type, resistant to P. xylostella and proposed as a ‘dead‐end’ trap crop, and the P‐type, not resistant to P. xylostella and used as a control. RESULTS: In G‐type B. vulgaris, sulfur fertilisation increased the content of the dominant glucosinolate (S)‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylethylglucosinolate by 20%. Sulfur fertilisation did not significantly change levels of the saponins 3‐0‐β‐cellobiosylhederagenin and 3‐0‐β‐cellobiosyloleanolic acid, known to act as feeding deterrents for P. xylostella larvae. In P‐type B. vulgaris, the same levels of sulfur fertilisation did not change the glucosinolate content significantly. Two‐choice oviposition preference tests with B. vulgaris plants showed that P. xylostella laid 144% and 45% more eggs on G‐ and P‐type plants with sulfur fertilisation respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The studies suggest that sulfur fertilisation could increase the effectiveness of G‐type B. vulgaris as a trap crop for P. xylostella. The effect of plant sulfur fertilisation on P. xylostella oviposition preference is associated with a quantitative glucosinolate increase, but other compounds could also be involved. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

松褐天牛引诱剂林间对比试验

在重庆地区进行的不同引诱剂对松褐天牛的诱捕试验结果表明,3种引诱剂对松褐天牛都有一定的引诱效果。其中,引诱剂M-99的效果最好,引诱活性平均为46.60头/诱捕器;引诱剂A-3引诱活性平均为37.00头/诱捕器;FJ-Ma-05最弱,平均为16.20头/诱捕器;且引诱剂M-99在6—7月的引诱活性均高于其他药剂。根据试验中松褐天牛的种群变化规律可知,6—7月是防治松褐天牛的最佳时期。     

茶园主要害虫种群灯下监测及频振式与LED式杀虫灯的效果评价

试验结果表明,虫情测报灯对茶树鳞翅目（尺蠖蛾科、斑蛾科、鹿蛾科、卷叶蛾科、细蛾科、蓑蛾科、豹蠹蛾科、毒蛾科、剌蛾科、螟蛾科、镰蛾科等）、鞘翅目(金龟甲科、天牛科等)、直翅目（蝗虫科、蝼蛄科、蟋蟀科等）、同翅目（叶蝉科、蛾蜡蝉科）、等翅目具有良好的诱集作用,初步明确了白蚁、金龟甲、卷叶蛾类、茶银尺蠖、茶尺蠖、油桐尺蠖、茶斑蛾、茶鹿蛾、茶白纹螟、黑跗眼天牛、茶天牛、红翅天牛等害虫的灯下年消长规律,其中部分害虫的发生规律和世代数与文献记录存在差异。LED红光杀虫灯对昆虫没有诱集作用,蓝光杀虫灯诱虫能力强于紫光杀虫灯,其中,紫光杀虫灯诱集鳞翅目能力强于蓝光杀虫灯,诱集茶树鞘翅目害虫和天敌的能力也强于蓝光杀虫灯,而蓝光杀虫灯诱集半翅目、双翅目、同翅目和蜉蝣目昆虫的能力则比紫光杀虫灯强,频振灯除了诱集中性昆虫（蚊虫和蜉蝣）的能力比蓝光杀虫灯差外,对茶树害虫和天敌的诱集能力均大大优于紫光杀虫灯和蓝光杀虫灯,尤其对天敌有很强的杀伤力。而且,频振灯的诱虫谱比紫光杀虫灯和蓝光杀虫灯更宽。     

Trapping Cryptophlebia illepida and C. ombrodelta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in macadamia in Hawaii

Abstract

Two species of Cryptophlebia found in Hawaii's macadamia orchards are active in different parts of a tree canopy. C. illepida (Butler) males were mostly caught in traps hung 1·5 m to 9.1 m from the ground; whereas C. ombrodelta (Lower) males were caught from 9.1 m to 15.2 m. A plastic, cylindrical sticky trap caught equal numbers of C. illepida males as Pherocon 1C traps but more than delta traps. A synthetic pheromone blend of 93% (Z)‐8‐dodecenyl acetate, 4% (E)‐8‐dodecenyl acetate, 1% (Z)‐8‐dodecenol, and 2% (2)‐7‐dedecenyl acetate attracted more males than other blends. No significant differences were detected between the two Cryptophlebia species in their response to the four‐component pheromone blend when traps were hung 4.6 m from the ground.     

Locust Plagues and the Dieldrin Controversy

Abstract

The accepted strategy for the control of locust plagues is to check an upsurge of population before swarms break out and start a widespread plague. The organisation, men and materials necessary for this work must be established before locust plagues are imminent. Primary targets for control are the hoppers. Red locust hoppers can be efficiently controlled only by vegetation baiting with dieldrin. The ULV drift-spraying method of application is particularly successful. Objections to the use of dieldrin on environmental grounds have been put forward but are without substance when the recommended method is used. A small aircraft can blanket spray 5,000 ha/h using the ultra low dosages necessary for desert locust hoppers. Three such aircraft could cope with the area of red locust hopper outbreaks although the dosage necessary for these is likely to be higher in the denser vegetation of their habitat. Field trials to establish the lowest dosage rate for red locust hoppers are urgently required.

If the facilities and resources needed to control locust plagues are not made available, it is hoped that FAO will provide expert teams to survey the economic and social effects of a locust plague, by investigation on the spot, so that responsibility can be assigned and an accurate history can be drawn up for the guidance of future governments. At the present time, governments have the choice of providing what is needed in the confident expectation of preventing plagues, or providing too little or nothing which will, sooner or later, inevitably lay a plague on their doorsteps.     

花椒伪安瘿蚊对不同黄色的选择性和粘卡技术应用研究

研究报道了6种不同波长的黄色粘卡对花椒伪安瘿蚊的诱捕能力及诱捕方法,并在花椒伪安瘿蚊种群动态监测方面与套笼法进行了比较.结果表明,波长为590.0 nm的黄色粘卡诱杀效果最好;在诱捕数量上,以横置粘卡在0.5m高度捕获的花椒伪安瘿蚊最多;在成虫种群动态监测方面,粘卡技术比套笼方法更准确、灵敏和方便.