楚雄华山松种子园无性系幼苗叶枯病病原菌鉴定

为明确楚雄市华山松种子园无性系幼苗叶枯病的病原,采用传统形态学和分子生物学相结合的方法对华山松叶枯病进行病原鉴定。结果表明,引起华山松叶枯病的病原菌为胡枝子拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis lespedezae）和互隔链格孢（Alternaria alternata）。     

巨蜥源嗜水气单胞菌分离株的病原特性分析

从 3批均以呼吸道症状和出血性胃肠炎为主要特征的死亡巨蜥中获得 3株嗜水气单胞菌。其培养性状及生化特性基本一致 ,均可产生β-溶血环。分离株对小鼠有较强的致病性 ,对PG、COS、VAN、CIP、NOR、CAR耐药。 3个菌株具有相同的菌体 (O)抗原血清型 ,该血清型与嗜水气单胞菌参考菌株 J1不同。应用丁胺卡那霉素和火焰消毒笼舍可有效防治上述菌株所导致的巨蜥疾病     

甘肃加工型番茄叶果真菌病原鉴定及主要病害

经田间采集、分离培养、致病性测定,鉴定出13种加工型番茄真菌病原及病害。其中早疫病(Alternaria solani)、灰霉病(Botrytis cinerea)、叶霉病(Fulvia fulva)、斑枯病(Septoria lycopersici)、白霉病(Ramularia lycopersici)为甘肃省加工型番茄主要流行性病害,是制约甘肃省加工型番茄发展的主要病害。内丝白粉病(Leveillula brassicae)、柱隔孢菌(Ramularia lycopersici)侵染加工型番茄在国内外未见报道,属新病害。黑斑病(Alternaria brassicae)、果腐病(Fusarium moniliforme)、枯萎病(Fusarium oxysporium)、斑枯病(Septoria lycopersici)、煤污病(Cercospora fuligena)侵染加工型番茄在甘肃省属首次报道。     

猪圆环病毒病原学研究进展

猪圆环病毒(porcine circovirus,PCV)有2种不同的血清型,即猪圆环病毒1型(PCV1)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)。目前研究表明PCV1暂无致病性,但PCV2则被认为是引起猪圆环疾病(PCVDs)的主要病原。很多地区养猪业的经济效益因此而遭受了重大的影响。PCV现已受到全球的关注,引起了许多专家学者的高度重视。本文对PCV的病原学最新研究进展进行了综述。     

Herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs – a pilot study

Background

The major indication for antibiotic use in Danish pigs is treatment of intestinal diseases post weaning. Clinical decisions on antibiotic batch medication are often based on inspection of diarrhoeic pools on the pen floor. In some of these treated diarrhoea outbreaks, intestinal pathogens can only be demonstrated in a small number of pigs within the treated group (low pathogen diarrhoea). Termination of antibiotic batch medication in herds suffering from such diarrhoea could potentially reduce the consumption of antibiotics in the pig industry. The objective of the present pilot study was to suggest criteria for herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs.Data previously collected from 20 Danish herds were used to create a case series of clinical diarrhoea outbreaks normally subjected to antibiotic treatment. In the present study, these diarrhoea outbreaks were classified as low pathogen (<15% of the pigs having bacterial intestinal disease) (n =5 outbreaks) or high pathogen (≥15% of the pigs having bacterial intestinal disease) (n =15 outbreaks). Based on the case series, different diagnostic procedures were explored, and criteria for herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea were suggested. The effect of sampling variation was explored by simulation.

Results

The diagnostic procedure with the highest combined herd-level sensitivity and specificity was qPCR testing of a pooled sample containing 20 randomly selected faecal samples. The criteria for a positive test result (high pathogen diarrhoea outbreak) were an average of 1.5 diarrhoeic faecal pools on the floor of each pen in the room under investigation and a pathogenic bacterial load ≥35,000 per gram in the faecal pool tested by qPCR. The bacterial load was the sum of Lawsonia intracellularis, Brachyspira pilosicoli and Escherichia coli F4 and F18 bacteria per gram faeces. The herd-diagnostic performance was (herd-level) diagnostic sensitivity =0.99, diagnostic specificity =0.80, positive predictive value =0.94 and negative predictive value =0.96.

Conclusions

The pilot study suggests criteria for herd diagnosis of low pathogen diarrhoea in growing pigs. The suggested criteria should now be evaluated, and the effect of terminating antibiotic batch medication in herds identified as suffering from low pathogen diarrhoea should be explored.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2046-0481-67-24) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

养殖刺参溃疡病病原学研究

自2002年冬季以来,山东、辽宁等省的养殖刺参几乎每年冬天都大规模爆发溃疡病。本文研究了刺参溃疡病的特征和症状,从病参体表和体内分离出优势菌,经回归感染证实其就是引发本次刺参溃疡病的病原菌。对病原菌进行鉴定发现,该菌革兰氏染色呈阴性,电镜下观察呈短杆状,极端单鞭毛,综合研究该菌在形态、生理生化等方面的特性,确认分离到的病原菌为交替假单胞菌,交替假单胞菌作为养殖刺参的病原菌在国内外属首次报道。     

对虾病原菌2—5B菌株16SrRNA基因片段的克隆和序列测定

用引物ＰＬ１－ＰＬ２ＰＣＲ扩增对虾病原菌－坎普氏弧菌２－５Ｂ菌株１６ＳｒＲＮＡ基因－１２２３ｂｐ的片段，采用ｐＵＣ１９质粒构建ｄＴ载体法完成该片段的克隆。部分序列测定及分析结果表明，该菌株与ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中坎普氏弧菌标准株序列之间同源性为９６．９４％。     

杂交鲍稚鲍"漫爬病"潜在病原菌胞外产物的分析及种类鉴定

从发病的杂交鲍(皱纹盘鲍×盘鲍)稚鲍中共分离27株菌株,并对其分泌胞外产物(包括酪蛋白酶、明胶酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、磷脂酶和溶血素)的能力进行了分析。试验结果表明,具有分泌胞外蛋白酶、明胶酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、磷脂酶和溶血素能力的菌株分别占总菌株数的81.5%(22/27)、74.1%(20/27)、18.5%(5/27)、0%(0/27)、11.1%(3/27)、29.6%(8/27)。其中,1#、14#菌株具有很强的产胞外蛋白酶能力,而明胶酶的最大分泌者为2#、7#、9#、17#菌株,淀粉酶的为11#、14#菌株,磷脂酶的为11#、15#菌株,溶血素的为菌株10#、21#。此外,10#、11#、15#菌株可同时分泌4种胞外产物,而12#、14#、18#、21#、23#、24#菌株可同时分泌3种胞外产物。综合考虑每一种胞外酶的潜在致病作用,以及菌株分泌多种胞外酶的能力,初步确认11株菌为潜在的致病菌:1#、2#、7#、9#、10#、11#、12#、14#、15#、17#、21#。用API条带法对它们进行了种类鉴定,11株菌中巴斯德氏菌和假单胞菌所占的比例分别为45.5%、27.3%。     

软包装即食醉鱼制品细菌学品质安全分析

对上海市场常见品牌的软包装即食醉鱼制品感官、理化、细菌学品质状况进行定性和定量研究,并对潜在病原菌安全性进行评价。结果表明,产品水分含量、水分活度、pH和盐分含量分别为43.50%~56.97%,0.93~0.97,6.07~6.73,2.41%~6.63%,差别较大;细菌菌落总数、耐热菌落总数分别是1.8×102~4.2×105cfu/g,38~3 800 cfu/g;厌氧菌落总数和金黄色葡萄球菌均低于10 cfu/g。由细菌总数计数平板分离256株细菌,鉴定残存主要细菌菌群为芽孢杆菌(34.0%)、葡萄球菌(27.3%)、玫瑰小球菌(14.0%),并出现少量的棒状杆菌(5.5%),表明热杀菌强度不足。产品中残存有一定数量的蜡样芽孢杆菌,对其潜在危害有待进一步研究。     

尼罗罗非鱼鼠李糖凝集素 (RBL-1)在非特异性细胞防御病原菌感染中的功能

为了探究鼠李糖凝集素（Rhamnose-binding lectin, RBL）在硬骨鱼非特异性细胞防御病原菌感染中的作用,本研究以尼罗罗非鱼为研究模型,首先通过分离头肾单核/巨噬细胞进行体外菌应激实验,发现在罗非鱼两种重要的致病菌-无乳链球菌（Streptococcus agalactiae）和嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）应激后,尼罗罗非鱼L-鼠李糖凝集素1（OnRBL-1）的表达量显著上调。然后,通过荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测发现OnRBL-1重组蛋白能够调节病原菌诱导细胞炎症因子的表达,包括显著抑制菌诱导的IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的表达,和促进IL-10和TGF-β的表达。此外,通过流式细胞术检测证实OnRBL-1具有促进单核/巨噬细胞的吞噬作用,同时增强呼吸爆发水平和上调活性氧的释放。以上研究结果表明,OnRBL-1在罗非鱼单核/巨噬细胞非特异性细胞防御中发挥重要的调节作用。本研究为探讨RBL-1在硬骨鱼宿主防御病原菌感染中的功能提供了参考,并有助于完善和丰富硬骨鱼类RBL的功能和在抗菌免疫应答中的基础理论体系,具有重要的科学意义。