发展我国马铃薯主粮化的建议

阐述了推动马铃薯主粮化的意义、当前存在的问题及解决方法,从生态环境角度提出在河北省地下水超采区发展马铃薯生产应采取的技术和对策。     

基于定量PCR方法初步分析西藏开菲尔粒中细菌与酵母菌数量变化

运用实时荧光定量PCR方法分析西藏开菲尔粒中细菌与酵母菌的数量变化规律,需要有效提取其微生物总基因组DNA。本文通过同时添加溶菌酶与溶壁酶优化实验方案,成功获得西藏开菲尔粒中微生物的总基因组DNA。荧光定量PCR分析提取自培养1、4、8和12周的西藏开菲尔粒的微生物总基因组DNA,结果显示:4个时间点细菌16S rRNA与酵母菌26S rRNA基因拷贝数均分别约为每微升107拷贝与105拷贝,表明细菌与酵母菌的数量相对稳定。该结果为进一步研究西藏开菲尔粒中细菌与酵母菌间的共生关系奠定了一定的基础。     

不同混合比例对甘薯蔓、酒糟及稻草混合青贮品质的影响

本试验旨在研究不同混合比例对甘薯蔓、酒糟及稻草混合青贮品质的影响。试验设5个组:对照组(鲜甘薯蔓单一青贮)、凋萎组(经2 d自然晾晒处理的甘薯蔓)、40%组(40%鲜甘薯蔓+40%酒糟+20%稻草混贮)、55%组(55%鲜甘薯蔓+25%酒糟+20%稻草混贮)、70%组(70%鲜甘薯蔓+10%酒糟+20%稻草混贮),每个组10个重复,压实密封后室温贮藏60 d,取样分析青贮品质。结果表明:1)甘薯蔓与酒糟和稻草混合以及凋萎处理后青贮均改善了其感官品质;2)与对照组相比,凋萎组干物质、粗蛋白质、乳酸含量极显著增加(P<0.01),氨态氮/总氮、丙酸、丁酸含量及p H极显著降低(P<0.01);3)与对照组和凋萎组相比,3个混贮组干物质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、乳酸含量都极显著增加(P<0.01),氨态氮/总氮、粗蛋白质、粗灰分含量及p H极显著降低(P<0.01);4)随着混贮组中甘薯蔓比例的升高,干物质含量极显著降低(P<0.01),粗蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05),氨态氮/总氮、丙酸含量极显著增加(P<0.01);5)与青贮前各组原料相比,对照组和凋萎组干物质、粗蛋白质损失较多,40%组损失最少。综上所述,鲜甘薯蔓、酒糟及稻草混合比例为40∶40∶20青贮品质最优。     

酒糟营养成分检测及其酶水解研究

文章测定了采自甘肃世纪金徽酒业集团公的酒糟营养成分,并对其进行了酶水解研究.结果表明：酒糟中蛋白质、淀粉和粗脂肪含量分别为14.03％、13.7％和3.4％,并富含维生素B族,其中维生素B6含量高达0.3 g/kg.矿物质元素钙、镁、锌、铁含量均远远高于其他常见粮食.含有的18种氨基酸中,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的30.27％,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值43.40％.氨基酸比值系数法评价表明,该酒糟中必需氨基酸种类齐全,比值系数分（SRC）63.37,比例均衡.酶解结果表明,蒸汽加热处理（121℃,10 min）后酒糟的酶解效果优于超声波（400 W,15 min）处理,酶添加顺序为先加纤维素酶,后加糖化酶,酶添加量分别为纤维素酶（2 000 U/g纤维素）和糖化酶（1 000 U/g淀粉）,该条件下还原糖含量达49.75 mg/mL.     

孕穗期不同低温对水稻空壳率的影响

为了降低低温对水稻生产造成的损失,以水稻品种龙稻5号和东农428为材料,采用盆栽种植方式于孕穗期进行低温处理,研究孕穗期低温对水稻空壳率的影响。结果表明:随着低温强度降低及时间延长,水稻空壳率显著增加。水稻品种龙稻5号较东农428更具耐冷性。     

Growth performance and carcass quality are not different between pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented low-oil DDGS and pigs fed conventional DDGS,but pelleting improves gain to feed ratio regardless of source of DDGS

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs fed diets containing cold-fermented, low oil distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is not different from that of pigs fed diets containing conventional DDGS regardless of the physical form of the diets. A total of 160 barrows and gilts were used. There were 4 diets, 10 pens per diet, and 4 pigs per pen. Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age and fed a common phase 1 diet that did not contain DDGS during the initial 7 d post-weaning. Pigs were then allotted to the four diets that were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two sources of DDGS (cold-fermented and conventional DDGS) and two diet forms (meal and pellets). Pigs were fed phase 2 diets from day 7 to 21 and phase 3 diets from day 21 to 43 post-weaning. All diets were based on corn and soybean meal, but phase 2 diets also contained 15% DDGS and phase 3 diets contained 30% DDGS. From day 43, pigs were fed grower diets for 38 d, early finisher diets for 38 d, and late finisher diets for 18 d and these diets also contained 30% DDGS. Feed was provided on an ad libitum basis and daily feed allotments were recorded. Pigs were weighed at the beginning of each phase and at the conclusion of the experiment. On the last day of the experiment, the pig in each pen with a body weight that was closest to the pen average was slaughtered and carcass measurements were determined. Combined results for the two nursery phases indicated that feeding meal diets instead of pelleted diets increased (P < 0.001) average daily feed intake and decreased (P < 0.05) gain to feed ratio (G:F). However, no differences between the two sources of DDGS were observed for the overall growth performance of weanling pigs. For the entire growing-finishing period, the source of DDGS did not affect growth performance, but pigs fed meal diets had reduced (P < 0.001) G:F compared with pigs fed the pelleted diets. There were no differences between the two sources of DDGS for carcass characteristics. Back fat was greater (P < 0.05) for pigs fed pelleted diets than for pigs fed meal diets. In conclusion, no differences in growth performance or carcass characteristics between pigs fed cold-fermented DDGS and pigs fed conventional DDGS were observed. However, pigs fed pelleted diets had greater G:F and greater back fat than pigs fed meal diets.     

黄孢原毛平革菌降解白酒糟中木质素的影响因素

考察不同温度(37℃、38℃、39℃)、时间(8 d、9 d、10 d)、含水量(55%、60%、65%)和接种量(按V/W的10%、20%、30%)组合对黄孢原毛平革菌降解白酒糟中木质素的影响。研究表明:当接种量为10%、含水量为60%,在39℃下发酵10 d,可使白酒糟中木质素降解率达到5.93%;4个因素对黄孢原毛平革菌降解白酒糟中木质素影响的主次顺序为:时间,含水量,温度,接种量;本实验条件下最优发酵组合为:时间为10 d,接种量为10%,温度为38℃,含水量为65%。     

水稻生育后期谷粒真菌区系霉变损失及其防治的研究

在成都和重庆两地区,定点定期对水稻生育后期稻谷上的真菌进行分离,获得若干菌株,分属于１８个属,其中镰孢霉属（Ｆｕｒｓａｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ．）、青霉属（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｕｍｓｐｐ．）、喙枝霉属（Ｒｈｉｎｏｃｌｄｉｃｌａｓｐｐ．）、交链孢霉属（Ａｌｔｅｒｎａｒｉａｓｐｐ．）、黑孢霉属（Ｎｉｇｒｏｓｐｏｒａｓｐｐ．）中的真菌为优势菌种,喙枝霉菌、棘壳孢霉菌（Ｐｙｒｅｎｏｃｈａｅｔａｓｐｐ．）、头孢霉菌（Ｃｅｐｈａｌｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍｓｐｐ．）等水稻谷粒腐生菌尚未见报道。系统调查研究表明,同一地区水稻品种间,真菌群落的分布没有差异,但在不同的地区,水稻品种间的真菌种类及数量有所差别。通过种子处理和生育期的药剂防治,可减轻霉变对稻谷的危害,尤其以温汤浸种效果最佳。     

光照强度对小麦不同品种结实率及千粒重的影响

1995～1997年在山西省临汾市就光照强度在小麦灌浆期对小麦不同品种结实率、千粒重的影响进行了研究。结果表明,在灌浆期光照强度减少1／2时,小麦的结实率、千粒重普遍下降,结实率平均减少19．3％,千粒重损失27．3％,不同品种间差异较大。