大麦籽粒苯丙氨酸含量QTL初步定位分析

为挖掘控制大麦籽粒苯丙基酸含量的QTL,以紫光芒裸二棱和Schooner构建的包含193个家系的重组自交系（RIL）为材料,测定RIL群体及亲本籽粒苯丙氨酸含量,并结合SSR标记和完备区间作图法构建遗传连锁图谱,对大麦籽粒苯丙氨酸含量进行QTL定位。结果表明,紫光芒裸二棱籽粒苯丙氨酸含量为1.23 mg·g^-1,Schooner籽粒苯丙氨酸含量为0.60 mg·g^-1,群体籽粒苯丙氨酸含量在0.59~1.24 mg·g^-1之间;所构建的大麦遗传连锁图谱包含180对SSR标记,总遗传距离为2 671.03 cM,平均标记间距为14.84 cM;共检测到4个控制大麦籽粒苯丙氨酸含量的QTL,均为新发现的QTL,除 qPHE-4H加性效应来自母本紫光芒裸二棱外,其他3个QTL加性效应均来自父本Schooner。 qPHE-2H和 qPHE-7H为主效QTL,分别位于2H和7H染色体上,表型贡献率分别为12.32%和15.45%。该研究结果为大麦籽粒苯丙氨酸含量QTL精细定位奠定了基础。     

一株纤维降解菌的鉴定及其对酒糟固态发酵效果的研究

为鉴定本实验室前期筛选的一株纤维降解菌,并优化其发酵白酒糟的条件,通过16S rRNA序列分析并结合菌株形态和部分生理生化方法进行菌株鉴定,随后利用该菌进行白酒糟发酵试验.首先采用单因素试验设计,然后根据发酵后白酒糟营养成分变化,确定用于正交试验的各因素水平,在此基础上进行四因素三水平的正交试验设计确定最适发酵条件,最...     

配合饲料中添加玉米DDGS对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、体组成及免疫指标的影响

在基础饲料中分别添加0、10％、20％、30％、40％的玉米干酒精糟及其可溶物(Dried distiller's grains with solubles,DDGS),配制成5种等氮等能的实验饲料(DDGS0、DDGS10、DDGS20、DDGS30 和DDGS40),饲喂初始体重为(9.69±0.28)g的刺参56 d,研究玉米DDGS作为替代蛋白源对其生长、体成分及免疫指标的影响.结果显示,随着玉米DDGS添加水平的升高,刺参增重率和特定生长率略有下降,但各组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).各实验组刺参体壁指数、肠道指数、肠长比以及体壁水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均不受玉米DDGS添加的影响(P＞0.05).体腔液中溶菌酶的活性呈先上升后稳定的趋势,其中,DDGS20和DDGS40组显著高于DDGS0和DDGS 10组(P＜0.05),DDGS30组与其他各组无显著差异(P＞0.05).酸性磷酸酶的活性呈先上升后下降的趋势,在DDGS20组达到最大值,其中,DDGS20组显著高于其他各组(P＜0.05),DDGS40组显著高于DDGS0组(P＜0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).酚氧化酶的活性随着DDGS添加量的增加呈上升趋势,各添加组均显著高于DDGS0组(P＜0.05),DDGS40组显著高于DDGS 10组(P＜0.05),其他各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).饲料中添加玉米DDGS对体腔液中碱性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶的活性无显著影响(P＞0.05).本研究表明,饲料中添加0-40％的玉米DDGS均不影响刺参的生长和体壁成分,且添加20％-40％的玉米DDGS能提高刺参体腔液中免疫酶的活性.     

1988—2017年中国基本农田保护研究动态演化分析

为全面探讨基本农田领域研究态势，该研究采用CiteSpace软件对近30年（1988-2017年）发表的基本农田主题研究领域1 338篇文献进行了可视化分析，研究结果表明基本农田主题研究集中分布在保护、评价、划定和建设4个聚类组团。其中，基本农田保护领域重点突出了对基本农田数量、质量和生态环境的保护研究态势，基本农田评价领域强调结合现代信息技术的基本农田评价体系和评价方法模型的构建，基本农田划定研究重点分析了基本农田保护区和永久基本农田划定的理论和实践发展态势，基本农田建设领域重点研究了不同尺度下高标准基本农田建设时序、分区、标准和模式。近30年基本农田主题领域研究态势表明，基本农田内涵、评价和划定理论和方法在不断丰富和完善，基本农田研究已成为耕地保护领域关注的热点，最后建议加强该领域多学科协同研究和相关基金项目支持。     

不同产地谷子籽粒营养品质与食味品质的比较研究

为了在现有谷子品种的基础上,明确有利于提高谷子籽粒营养品质和食味品质的生长环境,本文对‘长农38号’、‘长农39号’、‘长农41号’谷子在长治和沁县两个生态点谷子籽粒的营养品质与食味品质进行比较分析。结果表明:种植地区对‘长农38号’谷子籽粒的维生素B1、直链淀粉、粗蛋白和‘长农41号’的维生素B1、粗脂肪的影响较大,变异系数均在10%以上;对‘长农39号’谷子籽粒的营养品质影响较小,变异系数均在10%以下。通过食味品质的比较可以看出种植在沁县的‘长农38号’谷子籽粒的一致性高于长治,种植在长治的‘长农39号’、‘长农41号’谷子籽粒的一致性低于沁县;种植于长治的‘长农38号’、‘长农39号’谷子籽粒的色泽高于沁县,种植于长治的‘长农41号’谷子籽粒色泽与沁县的评分结果一样;种植于沁县的3个基因型谷子籽粒食味品质的分数合计结果均高于长治。因此通过优化谷子栽培管理措施对提高谷子籽粒品质具有重要意义。     

Effects of fermentation and heat treatments on bound-ferulic acid content and total antioxidant capacity of bread crust-like systems made of different whole grain flours

In this study, bread crust-like systems were prepared by heating (5, 15 and 30 min at 200 °C) freeze-dried fermented doughs obtained using different cereal grains. The flours of whole wheat, refined wheat, whole einkorn, whole rye, whole oat and whole maize were used. The effects of fermentation and heating on bound ferulic acid concentration and total antioxidant capacity were determined. Besides, high molecular weight fractions, containing also melanoidins formed in bread crust-like systems during heating were analyzed for their bound ferulic acid content and total antioxidant capacity. Increasing heating time at 200 °C also increased the amounts of high molecular weight fractions in the bread crust-like systems for all cereals. The total antioxidant capacity of bread crust-like samples increased significantly with heating time (p < 0.05). However, the opposite was true for the high molecular weight fractions of bread crust-like samples. Mean bound ferulic acid concentrations of different cereal flours were found to range between 78.3 mg/kg (for refined wheat) and 667.7 mg/kg (for whole einkorn). Heating had no significant effect on bound ferulic acid contents of bread crust-like systems. For all cereals, the highest concentrations of bound ferulic acid were detected in the high molecular weight fractions of bread crust-like systems heated at 200 °C for 5 min. However, bound ferulic acid concentrations significantly decreased in high molecular weight fractions as heating time increased (p < 0.05).     

Digestibility of phosphorus in growing pigs as influenced by source and concentration of dietary phosphorus and collection site

The current study examined the influence of source and concentration of dietary phosphorus (P) on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of P in growing pigs. Eighteen cannulated barrows (25 ± 5 kg) were allotted to a triplicate 6 × 3 incomplete Latin square design with six diets and three periods. The diets comprised of soybean meal (SBM) or distillers' dried grain with solubles ( DDGS) as sole sources of dietary P, and three concentrations of P (2.0, 2.5 or 3.0 g/kg) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. The AID and ATTD of P were not different (p = 0.37) in all diets. Apparent digestibility of P was affected (p < 0.01) by source and concentration of P. There was no interaction between source and concentration of dietary P on the apparent digestibility of P. Determined by regression analysis, the true ileal digestibility of P was 58.3% or 57.6%, and true total tract digestibility of P was 56.0% or 62.6%, for SBM or DDGS, respectively. The regression-derived ileal endogenous P loss (EPL) was 0.61 or 0.13 g/kg DM intake, and total tract EPL was 0.53 or 0.35 g/kg DM intake, for SBM or DDGS, respectively. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that both the source and concentration of dietary P affect the digestibility of P in growing pigs.     

山东20个石榴品种花粉亚微形态学比较研究

 利用日立S-570扫描电镜对山东省20个石榴（Punica granatum）品种花粉的亚微形态特征进行了观察分析,结果表明：供试品种的花粉具3条萌发沟,属N3P4C5类型;赤道面观均呈近长球形,极面观呈三裂圆形或三角形;花粉粒极轴长23.08 ~ 28.57 μm,赤道轴宽13.07 ~ 19.74 μm;供试品种间花粉的大小、表面纹饰等均有明显差别。初步认为花粉粒的形态特征可以作为石榴品种间分类的一个标准。     

白酒丢糟栽培金针菇研究

通过白酒丢糟栽培金针菇的L16 (45)正交实验,研究了白酒丢糟培育金针菇的最佳生产条件.结果表明:影响金针菇栽培的主要因素是丢糟前处理方式,其后依次为木屑麸皮添加量、灭菌条件和袋料pH.经过正交实验分析,结合实际生产条件,筛选出的最佳水平组合是A3B4C1D2,即丢糟水洗后压干,袋料pH 7,木屑麸皮添加量30％,灭菌条件为常压10 h.在此条件下的金针菇生物转化率为74.9％左右,菌丝生长30 d满袋,污染率16.67％.