探析水利渠道工程防渗施工方法

渠道防渗技术是我国目前应用最广泛的节水工程技术措施,渠道防渗不但提高了水的利用率,扩大了灌溉面积,还促进了农业的生产和生态环境的良性发展。因此,进一步发展和推广渠道工程防渗技术,对我国农业增长和国民经济持续发展具有重要的意义。     

Performance and Microstructure of Ultra Low Ion Permeability Cementitious Materials

Microstructure and macro performance of Ultra Low Ion Permeability Cementitious Materials (ULIPCM) were investigated by Micro hardness, MIP and SEM EDXA. It was shown that the compressive strength of ULIPCM was more than 80 MPa, flexural strength was more than 11.0 MPa, and elastic modulus was in the range of 38.0 to 42.0 GPa at the age of 28 days; chloride diffusion coefficient was lower than 0.8×10－13m2·s－1, conductive charge for 6 hours was lower than 300 coulombs; sulfate attack resistance was good; shrinkage at the age of 28 days was lower than 400×10－6. Compared with ordinary concrete with which thickness of interfacial transition zone is 60 to 100 μm, the thickness of interfacial transition zone of ULIPCM was lower than 30 μm. Penetration paths of corrosive medium were effectively interrupted in ULIPCM. And pore structure parameters, such as porosity and the most probable pore radius of ULIPCM, were also obviously optimized in ULIPCM. Besides, few CH crystals were in the ULIPCM aggregate and the interfacial transition zone of ULIPCM. And the orientation of CH crystals was poor.     

吡蚜酮对水稻褐飞虱取食行为的影响

吡蚜酮是防治褐飞虱的推荐替代杀虫剂之一。取食选择性试验表明,0.1g/L吡蚜酮处理和清水处理24h稻株上的平均落虫数分别为(1.6±1.2)头/株和(1.5±0.9)头/株。刺探电位技术监测发现,与清水对照相比,0.1g/L吡蚜酮浸苗处理下褐飞虱的口针刺探频次、韧皮部刺入频次、在韧皮部外部活动的持续时间以及木质部取食行为的持续时间没有显著差异,而褐飞虱的非刺探持续时间显著增加,褐飞虱在韧皮部内摄取汁液被极显著干扰,吡蚜酮处理后4h内褐飞虱成虫在韧皮部取食的总持续时间只有(1.2±0.5)min,而在对照上的总持续时间为(65.1±11.3)min。取食恢复试验表明吡蚜酮对褐飞虱韧皮部取食的抑制作用可逆,但是取食抑制的恢复非常缓慢。经吡蚜酮0.1g/L处理24h再转移至清水处理苗上120h后,韧皮部取食的总持续时间也仅约为10min。研究表明,吡蚜酮对褐飞虱没有驱避性和拒食性,不阻碍褐飞虱口针刺探和木质部取食,但对韧皮部取食具有明显的抑制作用,且这种抑制作用恢复非常缓慢。因此,吡蚜酮防治褐飞虱的持效期较长。     

Theoretical Contour Line of Reinforcement Bar of Non uniform Corrosion

Most of the previous studies on corrosion of the steel bar in reinforced concrete structures is based on the assumption that the bar is uniformly corroded. The actual measurement in projects proved that most of the reinforcement bar is in non uniform corrosion state. Based on electrochemical principles of metal corrosion and combined with the real corrosion course of the bar in concrete structures, a theoretical model of the contour line of reinforcement bar due to non uniform corrosion is established, through deducing the speed of corrosion and theoretical corrosion penetration and volume changes due to corrosion of reinforcement in general air at different position and different time. At the same time, the model is verified with the results from relative references and measured data.     

O3浓度升高对棉蚜取食行为的影响

在加倍O3浓度的开顶式气室(OTC)中培养抗虫棉GK12幼苗30 d,正常O3浓度处理为对照。应用刺探电位图谱(EPG)技术,对棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)在苗期棉花上的取食行为进行了比较研究。结果表明：蚜虫在加倍O3浓度下生长的棉苗上取食的过程中,C波数量显著减少,pd波首次出现时间明显提前,被动取食持续时间(E2波的总时间)明显拉长。棉蚜的取食适合度明显提高的原因可能是加倍O3浓度对棉花叶片组织结构和体内营养物质的变化有影响。     

炔草酯的控草效果和对油菜田间光照、养分、水分及 产量的影响

为明确15%炔草酯WP在油菜田的应用前景,建立油菜田的杂草管理体系,研究了不同开沟深度、不同时期施用15%炔草酯WP对油菜田杂草的控制作用以及炔草酯与其他药剂混用的效果,同时研究了该药剂对田间光照、养分、水分和油菜产量的影响。结果表明,开深沟有利于药效的发挥。在禾本科杂草处于1～2叶期时进行药剂处理,一般可以获得比较理想的除草效果。炔草酯与草除灵混用对禾本科杂草和双子叶杂草都具有良好的防除效果。施用15%炔草酯WP能显著提高油菜田间的透光率,降低杂草对田间养分和水分的吸收。15%炔草酯WP的施用对油菜株高、千粒重没有显著影响,但对油菜第一分枝高度、单株分枝数、角果数影响较大,能显著提高油菜产量。     

低温胁迫对扁桃枝条细胞膜系统和渗透调节物质的影响

为了进一步了解6个引进扁桃品种在莎车地区的抗寒性,在冬季的绝对低温下,以本地品种纸皮为对照,对引进的6个扁桃品种,测定其低温胁迫下不同方向枝条的细胞膜透性、MDA含量、可溶性糖含量等生理生化指标的变化.同时结合大田的冻害调查情况分析,以比较引进扁桃不同品种的抗寒性.结果表明:低温胁迫下同品种树体的西面和北面受冻害程度大于东面和南面,不同扁桃品种间的耐寒性存在差异:Sonora＞Mission＞Tompson＞Butte＞Nepulusultera＞Nonpareil.且Nonpareil与本地品种纸皮的抗寒性未表现出显著性差异.从而了解扁桃在低温胁迫下与细胞膜系统、渗透调节物质之间的关系.     

渗透胁迫对小麦萌发生长及某些生理生化特性的影响

采用聚乙一醇（PEG6000）渗透胁迫的方法,研究了两个不同抗旱性小麦品种对渗透胁迫反应的差异性。结果表明,渗透胁迫条件下,小麦的发芽率下降,细胞膜伤害程度和叶片脯氨酸的变化幅度与小麦抗旱性呈负相关。根系活力,活跃的根比表面积与小麦抗旱性呈正相关。     

盐酸环丙沙星搽剂的研制及临床应用试验

环丙沙星是高效广谱抗菌新药,将其同透皮吸收促进剂（Ａｚｏｎｅ）按药剂学方法制成盐酸环丙沙星搽剂,稳定性良好．将药液涂搽于仔猪体表,用以防治哺乳仔猪大肠杆菌病,获得满意效果．     

Liquid penetration of precompressed wood VI: Anatomical characterization of pit fractures

Pit fractures of refractory coniferous heartwoods caused by precompression in the radial direction were investigated and are discussed in terms of improved liquid penetration. Small cracks appeared at the boundary between the torus and margo, along the outer margin of the margo, and on the torus when specimens were compressed and deformation was fixed by drying. The remarkable cracks were generally observed for Cryptomeria japonica D. Don. Pseudotsuga menziesii Franco showed peculiar detachment of the torus from the pit border, and Larix leptolepis Gordon exhibited only small cracks on the torus. These fractures patterns were clearer when the precompressed specimens were recovered by water impregnation and then redried.This report was presented at the 46th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kumamoto, April 1996