辽宁西北部地区森林地被可燃物及其燃烧性的研究

对辽宁西北部地区主要林型地被可燃物种类、组成、载量以及燃烧性进行了研究,结果表明:该区有7种主要常见林型,各种林型下可燃物种类组成和盖度有明显不同,林下可燃物载量变化范围是2.76~29.71 t.hm-2。按地被凋落物的燃烧性测定指标综合分析确定,容易燃烧的林型是油松人工纯林,较易燃烧的林型是樟子松人工纯林、天然栎树疏林、天然杂木林和沙棘人工纯林,不易燃烧的林型是刺槐人工纯林和杨树人工纯林。     

大型低速船用柴油机燃油共轨系统建模

以瓦锡兰Sulzer 7RT—flex60C型船用柴油机为研究对象,首先介绍了燃油共轨系统的组成,分析了燃油共轨系统的特性,然后利用流体力学原理构建了燃油共轨系统各个模块的数学模型,最后采用MATLAB／Simulink软件进行仿真计算．仿真结果与船用柴油机台架数据误差符合要求,具有一定的有效性和准确性．     

Comparison of the cost and energy efficiencies of present and future biomass supply systems for young dense forests

The objective was to study the effect of future harvesting and handling technologies on the cost and energy efficiency of supply chains for young dense thinnings. The system costs and energy requirements were modeled using type of stands, products delivered, and transport distances as variables. In total, 14 systems were analyzed, of which five represented future systems. The effects of increasing the payloads of off-road and road transportation of whole tree (WT) parts by 10%, 20%, and 30% were also analyzed. If boom-corridor thinning technologies, optimized bundle-harvesters, and load-compression devices are developed, on average, costs are reduced by 12–27% and 11–30% less energy is required when compared with present systems. For example, at an average harvested tree size of 22 dm³, the supply of WT using future technologies would reduce the cost by up to 15% and the energy requirements by 21%. These effects increase with reduced tree sizes and increased transportation distances. The effects of future technologies are especially significant for tree sizes below 30 dm³, representing a significant part of the potential that could be harvested annually in Sweden. Thus, there should be increased research and development of boom-corridor felling technology, bundle-harvesters, and load-compression devices.     

普洱市发展生物质固体燃料产业的前景与对策

介绍了普洱市的能源消费现状与工业生物质能终端消费情况,分析了普洱市林业、农业秸秆资源概况,展望了普洱市发展生物质固体燃料产业的前景,提出了发展对策,指出普洱市可基于现有较发达的木材工业体系,优先建立与发展基于林业生物质资源的生物质固体燃料产业带。     

滇中昆明地区森林火灾的火环境研究

通过分析滇中昆明地区1980—2009年30年间以10年划分的月平均气象资料,整理相关森林火灾资料,对森林可燃物进行分类,同时结合基础地形、地貌特征,研究森林火灾形成的火环境,结果表明:火环境趋于有利于森林火灾的发生。近30年昆明的月平均最高气温逐渐增加,相对湿度降低,但平均最大风速降低,而3,4月份平均月降水量几乎都是全年的最低,不足30 mm,2009—2013年的持续干旱对森林火灾的发生有着更深刻的影响;复杂的地形、地势也有利于森林火灾的产生、传播,特别是山高、坡陡;主要针叶树种为易燃的云南松和华山松,可燃物非常丰富,在持续干旱的背景下更易孕育重大森林火灾。     

Preparation of Chitosan Nanocompositeswith a Macroporous Structure by Unidirectional Freezing and Subsequent Freeze-Drying

Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin, a naturally abundant mucopolysaccharide that consists of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucose through a β (1→4) linkage and is found in nature as the supporting material of crustaceans, insects, etc. Chitosan has been strongly recommended as a suitable functional material because of its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and adsorption properties. Boosting all these excellent properties to obtain unprecedented performances requires the core competences of materials chemists to design and develop novel processing strategies that ultimately allow tailoring the structure and/or the composition of the resulting chitosan-based materials. For instance, the preparation of macroporous materials is challenging in catalysis, biocatalysis and biomedicine, because the resulting materials will offer a desirable combination of high internal reactive surface area and straightforward molecular transport through broad “highways” leading to such a surface. Moreover, chitosan-based composites made of two or more distinct components will produce structural or functional properties not present in materials composed of one single component. Our group has been working lately on cryogenic processes based on the unidirectional freezing of water slurries and/or hydrogels, the subsequent freeze-drying of which produce macroporous materials with a well-patterned structure. We have applied this process to different gels and colloidal suspensions of inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials. In this review, we will describe the application of the process to chitosan solutions and gels typically containing a second component (e.g., metal and ceramic nanoparticles, or carbon nanotubes) for the formation of chitosan nanocomposites with a macroporous structure. We will also discuss the role played by this tailored composition and structure in the ultimate performance of these materials.     

燃料乙醇发酵技术研究进展

世界能源安全正面临挑战.清洁的可再生能源生物质燃料乙醇的发展越来越被重视.从生产原料、酶与微生物、技术和工艺等方面,概述了燃料乙醇发酵技术的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究方向.     

L195柴油机改装燃用酒精试验分析

本文是通过两年的科研实践,就L195柴油机改装燃烧低纯度酒精的可行性、影响性能因素等有关问题进行了分析。重点放在气流的涡流强度、酒精的喷射压力、油束雾化、火源位置以及喷油、点火正时的配合。文章最后肯定了酒精作为代用燃料是比较理想的一种代用燃料,柴油机改装燃用酒精发动机是有前途的。     

X195柴油机掺水燃烧的试验研究

 结合195柴油机的结构特点,在不改变原机任何结构的前提下,增设一套供水系统,发动机工作时,喷水器适时向气缸内喷射一定量的水,喷入气缸的水微粒在高温高压的条件下产生“微爆”效应,使柴油颗粒进一步雾化和高度分散,与空气混合更加均匀,促使燃料完全燃烧,以达到节油,降污的目的。试验结果表明,增设的供水系统工作性能的可靠,掺水燃烧时比油耗及排烟度等明显下降。     

云南发展生物质能的比较优势与策略

以燃料乙醇和生物柴油为例,阐述了云南生物质能十分丰富,而油气资源较为贫乏的能源特点,分析了云南发展生物质能源的比较优势,提出了发展策略.