裂缝对渗流场影响的数值模拟方法研究

【目的】研究裂缝对渗流场影响的数值模拟方法,为岩石、混凝土等材料裂缝渗流场的变化研究提供支持。【方法】在等效连续介质模型框架下提出渗透系数张量修正法,并基于流量等效原理推导出修正单元的渗透系数张量矩阵。应用有限元分析软件,分别建立裂缝位于构件边界和构件内部时的分析模型,应用渗透系数张量修正法得到的渗透系数张量表达式定义裂缝单元的渗透特性,将模拟所得渗流场与裂缝真实存在的数值分析结果进行比较,并通过改变修正单元的尺寸分析渗透系数张量修正法对单元尺寸的依赖性。【结果】修正单元为10倍裂缝宽度时,与精确解相比,各分析模型所得渗流量及相应断面孔隙水压的误差均小于0.5%。就单元尺寸依赖性而言,为满足工程精度要求,从渗流量角度分析,修正单元的尺寸应不大于600倍裂缝宽度;从孔隙水压角度分析,修正单元的尺寸应不大于200倍裂缝宽度。【结论】所建立的等效处理方法合理可行,当修正单元的尺寸不大于200倍裂缝宽度时,无论是渗流量还是孔隙水压,该处理方法均能满足工程精度要求。     

聚乙二醇胁迫下不同苜蓿品种愈伤组织生理指标的变化

以聚乙二醇(PEG)作为渗透胁迫剂,对5个苜蓿Medicago sativa品种愈伤组织进行干旱胁迫.用生理生化方法对各品种愈伤组织的过氧化物酶(POD)活性、脯氨酸积累量、质膜相对透性3项抗旱性鉴定指标进行测定,各项结果趋于一致,其抗旱性强弱的顺序为:龙牧803、草原2号、中牧1号、龙牧80l、准格尔.同时,证明了POD活性、游离脯氨酸含量和质膜透性均可作为苜蓿抗旱性鉴定的生理指标.     

Changes induced by osmotic stress in the morphology,biochemistry, physiology,anatomy and stomatal parameters of almond species （Prunus L. spp.） grown in vitro

We investigated the influence of different levels of osmotic stress on growth and development in selected wild almond species(eight Prunus spp.) grown in vitro. The study, while endorsing the efficacy of in vitro screening of auxiliary buds of wild almond for osmotic stress tolerance, showed species variability in its response to osmotic stress. Osmotic stress reduced growth and development of all the species. However, the putative tolerant Prunus spp. showed better performance than the putative susceptible genotypes. On average there was an 80% decrease in shoot dry weight at-1.2 MPa. Reduction in shoot weight was more common in osmotic stress-susceptible species in the section labeled ‘Euamygdalus'. The tolerant Prunus species produced smaller changes in biochemical responses than the sensitive cultivars for malondialdehyde content, catalase activity, relative permeability of protoplast membranes, and net photosynthetic rate. The tolerant species maintained cell integrity better than drought sensitive species. Wild almond species in the section labeled ‘Spartioides'(Prunus arabica(Olivier) Neikle, Prunus glauca (Browicz) A.E. Murray, Prunus scoparia Spach) and ‘Lycioides'(Prunus lycioides Spach, Prunus reuteri Bossi. et Bushe) were best adapted to osmotic stress. Increase in chlorophyll concentration and leaf thickness under high osmotic stress can be considered as preliminary selection parameters for osmotic stress tolerance in Prunus spp. The study confirmed the efficacy of the in vitro method for screening of large number of genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance in wild almond species.     

白桦次生林4个林龄0～30cm土层水源涵养功能比较

以小兴安岭地区白桦次生林4个林龄为研究对象,对其凋落物持水量、土壤贮水性能、土壤特性等进行研究.试验表明：4个林龄凋落物的蓄积量和最大持水量是70 a为最低,40 a为最大;土壤非毛管孔隙度在各林龄间变化呈波动性,30 a白桦次生林0～30 cm土层非毛管孔隙最小,不利于水分下渗,40 a白桦次生林0～ 30 cm土层非毛管孔隙最大,有利于降水的下渗,土壤水源涵养功能大小排序为40 a（3 276.820 t·hm-2）＜30 a（3 434.626 t·hm-2）＜50 a（3 525.015 t·hm-2）＜70 a（3 629.445 t·hm-2）.     

The effect of acid water on oxygen consumption,circulating catecholamines and blood ionic and acid-base status in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri,Richardson)

Chronically cannulated rainbow trout were exposed in acid water (pH 4.0) for 72h. The gill potential was strongly dependent on water pH, being blood side negative in neutral water, but positive in acid water. Catecholamine levels increased irregularly during acid exposure, and the Bohr and Root effects were not completely erased by the effect of catecholamines during acid exposure. Long term exposure to low water pH, although causing an acidosis in the fish, did not suppress resting oxygen consumption. Prolonged exposure to acid conditions, however, resulted in an increase in ammonia excretion. Changes in plasma sodium and chloride were similar to that reported previously for trout exposed to low calcium, acid water. We conclude that exposure of trout to pH 4 soft water, although impairing oxygen transport, does not limit resting oxygen consumption but does reduce the scope for activity. More extreme acid conditions do impair resting oxygen uptake.     

基于可控性生态减渗目标的河床底质重构技术研究

生态减渗技术对发挥河流生态效益和减少水资源浪费具有重要意义。为研究适用于渗漏河道的河床底质生态减渗方案,开展变水头渗透试验与模型入渗试验探究了复合土减渗效果和入渗特性,结合各河道条件提出了不同的减渗配比及断面结构方案,并利用GeoStudio SEEP/W软件对不同方案下的渗流状况和渗漏量进行了模拟计算。结果表明：复合土减渗效果主要受掺料类型和掺量影响,掺入15%纳基膨润土的复合土在1m水头作用下,浸润锋经39天运移至复合土减渗层底部,56天内累计入渗量为11.1cm,减渗效果较好,可满足工程减渗需求;GeoStudio SEEP/W模拟显示,复合土减渗方案在高效减渗的同时保留有较高的侧向补水给能力,河流水位在0.3m~2m变化,两种典型方案的渗流损失量可降低37.54%~48.06%和75.34%~82.82%。     

精氨酸对仔猪肠道机械屏障的影响及相关机理

肠道屏障功能具有抵御病原菌和毒素入侵机体的能力,肠道机械屏障是其中最重要的一道屏障。精氨酸可以直接或间接影响肠道机械屏障,文章从精氨酸对猪肠道黏膜生长、绒毛高、细胞生长、肠道通透性等方面简述精氨酸在仔猪肠道屏障功能中的重要作用;并从m TOR信号通路及NO途径等方面对精氨酸影响仔猪肠道机械屏障的机理进行阐述,为深入认识精氨酸在肠道屏障中的作用提供参考。     

高温胁迫对胭脂花叶片细胞膜透性影响研究

以胭脂花实生苗为实验材料,通过测定不同温度、不同处理时间下的胭脂花丙二醛（MDA）含量等抗性生理生化指标,了解胭脂花对高温的适应能力,为其引种栽培以及在园林中的配置应用提供理论依据。结果表明：胭脂花实生苗在高温胁迫下,经过不同时间和不同温度的处理,对胭脂花叶片的丙二醛含量有很大的影响。其中,在同一温度条件下,随着胁迫时间的延长,膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量呈现出增加的趋势。在同一处理时间内,随着处理温度的加大,细胞膜透性呈现出增加的趋势,表现在处理的温度越高,细胞膜膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量不断增加。由此说明,高温胁迫对胭脂花叶片造成了一定的伤害。     

几个甘蔗品种(品系)抗旱性能研究初报

采用干旱胁追试验测定相对质膜透性，以研究供试材料的抗旱性。根据干旱２０天后测定相对质膜透性结果初步表明：在生理上川蔗８１／５４８、新台糖１０和粤糖８６／３６８的抗旱能力较云蔗８９／１５９、桂糖１１号、桂糖８９／５、闽糖８８／１０３和福农８１／７４５等５个品种（品系）强。     

酶法提高木材渗透性的研究

以工农业废弃物为原料,借固体发酵法制备的果胶酶和纤维素酶,对云杉、臭松和柞木等试材进行酶法处理,可以扩大木材中液体流动的通路,提高其渗透性。详细探讨了酶活性大小、作用时间和各种试材渗透性之间的关系,检验了酶处理材对CCA水溶性防腐剂的吸收量,并以枕木为对象,作了枕木的酶法处理以及吸油量比较。在试验条件下,木材渗透性最高可提高90％以上,对防腐油的吸收量可增加16％以上。