福建省大豆根腐病病原菌的鉴定

为明确福建省大豆根腐病病原菌的种类及组成,于2007～2009年从漳州、厦门、龙岩等地大豆产区采集根腐病标样216份,从中分离到307株丝状病原真菌.根据其培养性状、形态学特征、代表性菌株的致病性测定及rDNA-ITS序列分析,将这些病原菌分为5种,分别为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum,112株)、茄...     

桂花病害研究概述

桂花是一种重要的景观树种,近年来发生在桂花上的病害有日趋严重之势。这些病害既影响了桂花的观赏效果,也给园林绿化事业造成了不小的经济损失。桂花病害种类繁多,绝大部分都发生在叶片上。在桂花病害的鉴定过程中,常会遇到症状相似而病原不同或症状迥异而病原相同的情况,且桂花病害的病原种类较多,鉴于此,笔者结合自己的研究结果和相关资料整理了这篇文章。本文共述及桂花叶部病害15种、枝干病害1种及病原16种,它们分属于3科11属。     

香蕉采后果实炭疽病菌的鉴定及其生物学特性

采用组织分离法从表现炭疽病症状的采后香蕉果实中分离到4个炭疽病菌菌株.通过观察这4个菌株的菌丝生长速率、孢子萌发、附着胞形成和致病性,发现4个菌株的菌丝生长速率无显著差异,但菌株X4的孢子萌发率、附着胞形成率和致病力明显高于其他3个菌株.采用传统的形态学鉴定方法,并结合ITS序列分析技术,鉴定菌株）“为芭蕉炭疽菌（Co...     

广东省火龙果腐烂病病原鉴定

通过对来自广东省湛江市的发病火龙果果实的病原进行分离、致病性测定及形态学观察,将引起广东省火龙果腐烂病的病原鉴定为仙人掌平脐蠕孢Bipolaris cactivora,该种真菌为中国大陆新记录种.该病原菌的鉴定,对控制中国大陆火龙果腐烂病的发生和扩散有重要的理论指导意义.     

草莓根腐病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究

对吉林省几个草莓种植基地草莓根腐病菌进行研究,明确了引起吉林省草莓根腐病的病原物主要是尖孢镰刀菌(F.oxysporum)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn).对不同培养条件下两种菌的生长量及产孢量进行测定,结果表明,尖孢镰刀菌在以蔗糖为碳源时生长最好,而立枯丝核菌生长的最适培养基碳源为淀粉尖...     

朱蕉枯尖病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

描述了朱蕉枯尖病的症状,分离鉴定其病菌,并对其进行形态学、致病性及生物学特性观察。结果表明,朱蕉枯尖病由粘团镰刀菌(Fusarium conglutinans Wollenw.)引起,为国内首次报道;菌丝生长最适宜的温度是25～30°C,光对菌丝生长有抑制作用;该菌能利用多种碳源和多种氮源,最适pH值为5～10,菌丝生长的致死温度为65℃。     

吉林地区草莓根腐病病原及生物学特性研究

通过对吉林地区几个草莓种植基地草莓根腐病菌的研究,明确吉林地区引起草莓根腐病的病原物主要有尖孢镰刀菌（F.oxysporum）、立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solaniKuhn）,尖孢镰刀菌在以蔗糖为碳源的培养基上生长最好,而立枯丝核菌则在以淀粉为碳源的培养基上生长最好。并明确了该病原物对温度、湿度、光照及pH值的适应性。     

新型消毒剂XD-A对家蚕病原菌消毒效果研究

消毒剂XD-A是本研究室以漂粉精为主剂,添加月苄三甲氯铵等辅剂,以合适的比例复配研制成的一种新型蚕用环境消毒剂。本文采用XD-A进行了一系列相关试验,消毒效果试验表明,在有效氯浓度为0.3%时作用15 min即可杀灭白僵菌、苏芸金芽孢杆菌等常见家蚕病原菌;生物学试验表明,有效氯浓度为0.1%作用10min即可杀灭家蚕核型多角体(NPB)和质型多角体(CPB);家蚕添食试验结果表明,XD-A对家蚕生长发育及茧质无不良影响;同时该消毒药液在敞口状态下,可以保持较高的有效氯浓度长达52 h。     

副猪嗜血杆菌病的诊治

近几年频繁发生以多发性浆膜炎、关节炎、脑膜炎以及急性死亡为特征的传染病,导致猪场经济损失严重。本文就该病的病原史、流行特征、临床表现、诊断方法和综合防控等几方面加以分析,希望能对该病的防治起到一定的作用。     

Effects of microplastic polystyrene, simulated acid rain and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Trifolium repens growth and soil microbial community composition

Microplastic pollution is a global and ubiquitous environmental problem in the oceans as well as in the terrestrial environment. We examined the fate of microplastic polystyrene (MPS) beads in experimental soil in the presence and absence of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and simulated acid rain (SAR) to determine whether the combinations of these three factors altered the growth of white clover Trifolium repens. We found that MPS, SAR, or AMF added singly to soil did not alter T. repens growth or yields. In contrast, MPS and AMF together significantly reduced shoot biomass, while SAR and MPS together significantly reduced soil available phosphorus independent of AMF presence. Microplastic polystyrene, AMF, and SAR together significantly reduced soil NO^-₃-N. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi added singly also enriched the beneficial soil bacteria (genus Solirubrobacter), while MPS combined with AMF significantly enriched the potential plant pathogenic fungus Spiromastix. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation with MPS increased the abundance of soil hydrocarbon degraders independent of the presence of SAR. In addition, the abundance of soil nitrate reducers was increased by MPS, especially in the presence of AMF and SAR. Moreover, SAR alone increased the abundance of soil pathogens within the fungal community including antibiotic producers. These findings indicate that the coexistence of MPS, SAR, and AMF may exacerbate the adverse effects of MPS on soil and plant health.