氟对草鱼肝脏组织显微和超微结构的影响

试验采用光镜和透射电镜技术,探讨了不同浓度氟化钠对草鱼肝脏组织显微和超微结构的影响。氟化钠暴露浓度分别为0、40、80、120 mg/L,每组设2个平行,连续暴露30 d,取肝脏组织制备切片,进行光镜和透射电镜观察。结果发现,30 d后氟化钠试验组草鱼肝脏组织均有不同程度的损伤,石蜡切片上可观察到试验组草鱼肝细胞索紊乱、断裂,细胞出现空泡变性且病变程度随氟化钠浓度升高而加重,透射电镜下可观察到试验组草鱼肝细胞线粒体轻度肿胀,脊模糊或缺失,线粒体数量减少,胞质中出现空泡。结果表明,氟化钠短期暴露可对草鱼肝脏组织造成损伤,且损伤程度存在剂量依赖效应。     

绿僵菌侵染椰心叶甲的部位及侵染过程的电镜观察

利用扫描电子显微镜对绿僵菌侵染椰心叶甲的部位及侵染过程进行研究,从超微结构对绿僵菌侵染椰心叶甲体壁进行分析,结果发现,绿僵菌侵染椰心叶甲的主要部位是腹部节间膜,侵染过程可以分为分生孢子附着、出现分枝、长出芽管、大量聚合和入侵体内,最终绿僵菌分生孢子附着在节间膜上进入椰心叶甲体内.     

暗纹东方鲀精、卵超微结构及精子入卵早期电镜观察

本文对暗纹东方精、卵结构和精子早期入卵进行了电镜观察。观察结果：精子为鞭毛型结构,头部两端呈椭圆长柱形,核凹窝较深,颈部含８个线粒体,尾部微管束为“９＋２”结构,双尾丝裸露;卵为圆球形,卵膜表层有许多嵴、沟、微孔和一个受精孔;受精方式为单精或多精入孔入卵,单精受精。本文还对受精方式、人工繁殖技术等进行了讨论。     

太平洋牡蛎卵母细胞发育及卵黄发生的超微结构

利用透射电镜观察了太平洋牡蛎（ Ｃｒａｓｓｏｓｔｒｅａ ｇｉｇａｓ） 卵母细胞的发育及卵黄发生。卵母细胞的发育可分为卵黄合成前卵母细胞与卵黄合成期卵母细胞２ 个阶段。卵黄颗粒来源于线粒体、内质网、高尔基体、吞饮小泡等多种细胞器。     

Characterization of blood cells in the Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)

Background: The Leopard Cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) is the most frequently encountered wild cat in most of Southeast Asia. Limited hematologic investigation exists for this species. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess routine hematologic measurements and parameters and characterize the morphology, cytochemical staining, and ultrastructural features of blood cells in Leopard Cats. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 12 adult healthy captive Leopard Cats (7 males and 5 females). Complete blood counts were performed using an automated hematology analyzer and manual differential counts. Cytochemical staining (Sudan black B [SBB], peroxidase [PO], periodic acid‐Schiff [PAS], α‐naphthyl acetate esterase [ANAE], and β‐glucuronidase [BG]) and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were performed using standard methods. Results: Median (range) hematologic results were as follows: PCV 0.46 L/L (0.30–0.55 L/L), hemoglobin 136.5 g/L (100–183 g/L), WBC 9.0 × 10⁹/L (6.9–15.2 × 10⁹/L), band neutrophils 0.07 × 10⁹/L (0–0.30 × 10⁹/L), segmented neutrophils 2.9 × 10⁹/L (1.2–6.34 × 10⁹/L), lymphocytes 5.3 × 10⁹/L (2.7–8.1 × 10⁹/L), eosinophils 0.14 × 10⁹/L (0–0.73 × 10⁹/L), basophils 0/L (0–0.22 × 10⁹/L), and monocytes 0.08 × 10⁹/L (0–0.30 × 10⁹/L). Neutrophils stained strongly positive for SBB, PO, and PAS; lymphocytes had fine granular positivity for ANAE and BG; monocytes were weakly positive for ANAE and BG; and basophils were strongly positive for BG. Ultrastructurally, eosinophils contained many large rod‐shaped granules with prominent crystalloid core structures, ribosomes, and mitochondria. Basophils contained many round to oval specific granules with homogeneous contents. Low number of basophils contained a few small vacuoles that usually were not detected by light microscopy. Conclusion: These findings will facilitate interpretation of hematologic results for future investigative and diagnostic studies of this species.     

雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存结构的研究

应用光镜和电镜技术,系统观察雌性中华鳖输卵管精子储存情况,显示与精子储存有关组织结构与细胞形态。结果表明,精子储存在雌性中华鳖输卵管的蛋白分泌部后部至子宫部,但各段的组织结构及精子储存量存在一定差别。蛋白分泌部后部上皮较发达,由典型的高柱状纤毛细胞和分泌细胞构成,固有膜中腺体多为泡状腺。上皮和腺体中含有大量高密度的膜性分泌颗粒,此段只有少量的精子储存。峡部较窄且固有膜内无腺体,上皮排列紧密并呈迷路样迂回分布,上皮细胞内高电子密度分泌颗粒成团集中分布在核上方。峡部管腔中分布着大量的精子,靠近管腔的精子或精子头部嵌入上皮纤毛之间或顶端凹陷的胞质中,且精子嵌入部分的细胞结构保持完整。子宫前部形成垂直于管腔的储精小管(SST),子宫上皮及此段SST上皮的分泌颗粒电子密度不均,含高密度电子致密斑,腺体中的分泌颗粒也呈现不同的内部结构。子宫部及SST的管腔中储存有大量精子。这些区段复杂的细胞结构及分泌活动,可能在精子储存中发挥重要作用。     

玉米幼芽提取物对小鼠皮肤UVA照射损伤的保护作用

研究了玉米幼芽提取物(extract of maize plumule,EMP)对长波紫外线(UVA)损伤的小鼠皮肤超微结构、抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化作用的影响。结果表明,UVA模型小鼠真皮细胞内出现空泡变性,线粒体肿胀、嵴减少,粗面内质网和核周间隙扩张;表皮细胞微绒毛减少,细胞固缩,细胞核染色质边集。EMP保护的小鼠皮肤细胞损伤程度明显减轻,结构基本正常。EMP可显著提高UVA辐射小鼠皮肤组织中的SOD活性(P<0.01)及CAT活性(P<0.05),降低MDA含量(P<0.05),与VC的抗氧化作用一致。表明EMP能够抵抗UVA对皮肤组织的氧化损伤。     

黏土和沙壤土对烟叶发育过程中栅栏细胞超微结构的影响

采用大田试验,比较研究了黏土和沙壤土烟叶发育过程中栅栏细胞超微结构变化,结果表明:1)叶长5 cm之前,黏土和沙壤土烟叶细胞超微结构变化差异不大.2) 5 cm之后沙壤土烟叶细胞发育较为迅速,叶长10～15 cm时叶绿体开始贴壁排列,功能开始全面发挥,叶长20 cm时基粒垛叠明显增厚,叶长30 cm时液泡发育成熟,叶绿体进入旺盛功能期;而黏土烟叶细胞发育相对迟缓,叶长20 cm时叶绿体功能才开始全面发挥,叶长40~50 cm时进入旺盛功能期.3)定长时黏土烟叶细胞内叶绿体积累的淀粉粒和嗜锇颗粒不及沙壤土烟叶充实.     

甜菜无融合生殖单体附加系M14雌配子体发育的超微结构观察

【目的】阐明甜菜无融合生殖单体附加系M14雌配子体发育的超微结构特征。【方法】以甜菜无融合生殖单体附加系M14(Beta vulgaris L.VV+1C、2n=18+1)为实验材料,利用电子显微镜技术对其雌配子体的发育过程进行研究。【结果】甜菜无融合生殖单体附加系M14为兼性无融合生殖体,二倍体孢子生殖为蝶须型(Antennaria-type)和韭型(Allium odorum-type),有性生殖为蓼型(Polygonum-type)。蝶须型为主要发育方式,超微结构特征为:雌配子体发育速度较快,从功能大孢子直到细胞化雌配子体时期,细胞器的种类与数量呈现增长趋势:细胞核核仁较大,存在核仁泡,核孔明显;核糖体数量多;线粒体的数量一直较多,从二核雌配子体出现内嵴,膜的结构变得清晰,八核雌配子体的线粒体基质呈电子透明状,细胞化后期恢复到原来的状态;质体的数量变化不大,形状多样,有的含淀粉粒;内质网呈分枝的管状或交织成索状分布在细胞核、液泡或细胞壁附近;高尔基体的数量相对较少,但在未退化的助细胞中十分丰富,活跃地分泌小泡;脂滴一直都存在,常与液泡及线粒体相互靠近;细胞化后期,绝大多数雌配子体的助细胞先后退化,极少数雌配子体只有一个助细胞退化,另一个宿存。韭型与蓼型雌配子体发育速度较慢,与蝶须型相比,直到单核雌配子体时期未见细胞器种类与数量发生明显变化。蝶须型与韭型、蓼型雌配子体仅在功能大孢子与单核胚囊时期通过是否有胼胝质壁加厚以及珠孔端有无退化的细胞痕迹进行区分。【结论】蝶须型、韭型、蓼型雌配子体发育过程中的超微结构特征差异明显,蝶须型雌配子体从功能大孢子至细胞化时期,雌配子体体积增大,细胞器的种类与数量随之增加,呈现代谢旺盛状态。推测蝶须型雌配子体在其后的发育中占优势。单核雌配子体之前依据珠孔端是否有退化细胞痕迹以及有无胼胝质壁加厚可将蝶须型与韭型、蓼型从结构上予以区分。韭型、蓼型从功能大孢子至单核雌配子体时期,雌配子体的体积以及细胞质的成熟程度均呈缓慢增长趋势。推测在其后的发育过程中大量退化。     

Tetraploid muskmelon alters morphological characteristics and improves fruit quality

Tetraploid muskmelon plants were induced successfully from diploid Cucumis melo inbred M01-3 (2n = 24) by colchicine. The morphological characteristics and fruit qualities of diploid and tetraploid muskmelons were investigated. The results showed that the leaves and flowers of the tetraploid plants were markedly larger, the plants were obviously higher, and the stems were thicker than those of the diploid plants. Transmission electron microscope observation revealed that the numbers of chloroplast, granule and grana, and the length of chloroplast and granule of the tetraploid plant leaves were significantly more or longer than those of the diploid plants. The soluble solid, soluble sugar and vitamin C contents in the tetraploid fruit were distinctly higher than those in the diploid fruit. The weight of the tetraploid fruit was 30% heavier than that of the diploid fruit. And the seeds from the tetraploid plants were broader and thicker than those from the diploid plants. Together, our results suggest that the tetraploid muskmelon exhibited better agronomical characteristics than the diploid muskmelon and the tetraploid muskmelon could be used as the improved variety and a potential germplasm for the development of triploid fruit.