卡氏住白虫裂殖子和配子体的超微结构

卡氏住白虫(Leueocytozoon caulleryi的裂殖子和配子体是从天然感染鸡的外周血液、肝、脾及其他内脏组织采取。通过透视电镜观察其超微结构,裂殖子呈圆形或卵圆形,外包有两层膜,外膜较薄,内膜比较厚,内含有一个圆形或卵圆形的核,在核中央有一核仁、核酸糖小体、食物空泡,具有一个管状嵴的线粒体和1～2个脂类包含体。 卡氏住白虫雄性和雌性配子体都具有三层明显的膜,但成熟的配子体仅见到两层膜。雌雄配子体含有细胞核、核仁、核酸糖小体、食物空泡、管状嵴的线粒体、内质网、雄配子体较小而细胞核较大。雌配子体染色较雄配子体深,并含有较发达的内质网。     

渗透胁迫下玉米幼叶细胞Ca~(2+)分布及超微结构变化

采用改进的焦锑酸钙沉淀细胞化学方法,探讨了渗透胁迫条件下玉米幼叶胞内Ca2+的分布及细胞超微结构的变化,旨在进一步探讨Ca2+与渗透胁迫诱导胞内信息转导过程的关系。结果表明:干旱胁迫初期,胞质Ca2+浓度升高,液泡失水,叶绿体、细胞核Ca2+浓度升高,起到了调节胞内Ca2+浓度的作用;随着胁迫时间的延长,细胞超微结构遭到破坏,同时,叶绿体及细胞核中Ca2+浓度呈继续上升趋势,二者超微结构受到破坏的程度愈发严重,直至解体。说明:Ca2+介导了渗透胁迫诱导的细胞生理过程,Ca2+对细胞核骨架的可塑性发挥着重要作用。     

淹水胁迫下水稻根尖细胞中Ca^2＋和Ca^2＋—ATP酶的分布

应用电镜细胞化学方法，对淹水胁迫下水稻根尖细胞中Ca^2 和Ca^2 -ATP酶分布的变化进行了观察。正常生长条件下，Ca^2 主要分布于液泡和细胞间隙中，而细胞质基质、细胞核中分布很少；Ca^2 －ATP酶主要分布于质膜上，线粒体膜、内质网膜、核膜上也有酶分布。经过没顶淹水处理后，液泡、细胞间隙中的Ca^2 沉淀颗粒明显减少，而胞质及核基质中的沉淀颗粒明显增多，同时，质膜及其他膜结构上Ca^2 －ATP酶的活性明显降低。淹水造成根尖细胞中Ca^2 －ATP酶活性降低，胞质和核基质中Ca^2 积累，将影响细胞的正常生理代谢活动。     

梨枝条中淀粉、还原糖及脂类物质动态变化与抗寒性的关系

组织显微化学特性以及扫描电镜观察显示，越冬期间，梨枝条组织细胞中淀粉粒、还原糖及脂类物质的分布、数量和转化程度与抗寒性密切相关。主要表现为冬季休眠期淀粉粒大量水解，还原糖含量增加，脂类物质向形成层密集。其中，抗寒种类淀粉粒小且水解彻底，还原糖含量高，脂类物质在形成层处高度聚集。解除休眠后、淀粉重新累积，还原糖、脂类物质含量较少，且抗寒种类淀粉粒增加的数量少，还原糖、脂类物质下降幅度也低于不抗寒种类。     

平菇菌盖超微结构的研究

利用透射电镜，对平菇菌盖的超微结构进行了观察。平菇成熟菌丝细胞有完整的双层细胞壁结构，内含细胞膜，线粒体，细胞核，内质网，泡囊，核糖体，糖原、须边体及典型的桶孔隔膜，有的细胞中，糖原颗粒了聚集在细胞质中，泡囊中也含有大量颗粒。线粒体膜，核膜，孢子膜均为双层，轮廓清晰。孢子中有线粒体、核、泡囊、核糖体、内质网。老化菌丝内有较大液泡，不见各种细胞器。     

鲤吉陶单极虫体被结构的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜,对鲤鱼肠道内的吉陶单极虫体被进行了形态学观察。吉陶单极虫的孢子呈瓜子形,后端钝圆,向前一端逐渐尖细。从孢子的后端向前端方向常常包裹着一个无色透明的薄膜。孢子可分为背面和腹面,背面光滑无皱褶,并可见一长卵圆形的极囊,极囊一般较大,约为孢子长度的一半。孢子的腹面褶皱不平,形成形态各异、大小和数量不等的迷宫状沟回,沟回主要分布在孢子的中后端。偶见放出极丝的孢子,极丝较长,常为孢子长度的1倍以上。     

香菇磁生物效应的超微结构研究

用磁水喷浇香菇能使其增产。用电子显微镜观察发现用磁水喷洗的香菇菌盖的细胞内几乎没有液泡，且糖原颗粒密度增大，而其他细胞器与对照组基本相同。     

Cumulus Oophorus Expansion of Bovine Oocytes Cultured in vitro: A SEM and TEM Study

Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from antral follicles (3–6 mm in diameter). COCs with a compact multilayered cumulus investment were cultured for 9, 13 and 24 hours, respectively, and processed for scanning or transmission electron microscopy after different periods of culture including a 0 hour control group. In all 0 hour control COCs initial formation of cumulus cell projections, blebs and microvilli were observed. The start of cumulus-oocyte disconnection in cattle was observed after 9 hours of in vitro culture. These connections were almost completely discrupted after 13 hours, when a continuous production of extracellular matrix was observed. The full expansion of corona radiata cells was not observed even after 24 hours. Some cumulus oophorus cells were bound together with junctions of the zonula adherens type after 24 hours when extracellular matrix was found only in deeper layers. The full expansion of corona radiata cells was not the prerequisite for disconnection of cumulus-oocyte complex. Inhalt: Kumulus oophorus Expansion von in vitro kultivierten Rinderoozyten: Eine SEM und TEM Untersuchung Kumulus-Oozyten-Komplexe (COC) von Rindern wurden aus antralen Follikeln aspiriert (Durchmesser 3–6 mm). COC's mit kompakten mehrschichtigen Kumulus wurden für 9, 13 und 24 Stunden kultiviert und für die Scanner- oder Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie vorbereitet. Verschiedene Kulturzeiten incl. einer 0-Stundengruppe als Kontrolle wurden untersucht. In allen Kontroll COC's wurden beginnende Formationen yon Kumuluszellprojektionen, Bläschen und Mikrovilli beobachtet. Nach 9-stündiger in vitro Kultur begann die Lösung zwischen Kumulus und Oozyte. Die Verbindungen waren nach 13 Stunden vollständig unterbrochen, wobei eine kontinuierliche Produktion extrazellulärer Matrix beobachtet wurde. Eine vollständige Expansion der Corona radiata Zellen wurde auch nicht nach 24 Stunden beobachtet. Nach 24 Stunden waren einige Cumulus Oophorus Zellen über Verbindungen des Zonula adherens Typs verknüpft, wobei extrazelluläre Matrix nur in den tieferen Zellschichten gefunden wurde. Eine vollständige Kumulusexpansion ist keine Voraussetzung für die Auflösung des Kumulus-Oozyten-Komplexes.     

Influence of stewing time on the texture,ultrastructure and in vitro digestibility of meat from the yellow‐feathered chicken breed

This study assessed the influence of stewing (1, 2 or 3 h) on the texture, ultrastructure and in vitro digestibility of meat from the yellow‐feathered chicken, which is a popular broiler chicken in Asia. Results indicated that longer stewing considerably increased cooking loss of the chicken carcass and tenderness of thigh meat. After 3 h of stewing, protein digestibility decreased from 90.5% to 80.3% and fiber diameter decreased by 8.63 μm. The shear force value of breast meat decreased from 32.34 N at 1 h to 10.29 N at 2 h, and then increased to 39.98 N at 3 h. The texture profile of breast meat remarkably decreased during stewing. Moreover, increased stewing time induced longitudinal and transversal shrinkage of muscle fibers and the degradation of the myosin heavy chain. These findings suggested that prolonged stewing (3 h) resulted in decreased meat qualities, based on the changes in cooking loss, digestibility and texture profile, but that stewing for 2 h increased thigh and breast tenderness. Producers could utilize this information to stew yellow‐feathered chicken meat with desirable qualities.     

Fine structure of the canal neuromasts of the lateral line system in the adult zebrafish

The mechanosensory lateral line system of fish is responsible for several functions such as balance, hearing, and orientation in water flow and is formed by neuromast receptor organs distributed on head, trunk and tail. Superficial and canal neuromasts can be distinguished for localization and morphological differences. Several information is present regarding the superficial neuromasts of zebrafish and other teleosts especially during larval and juvenile stages, while not as numerous data are so far available about the ultrastructural characteristics of the canal neuromasts in adult zebrafish. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate by transmission electron microscopy the ultrastructural aspects of cells present in the canal neuromasts. Besides the typical cellular aspects of the neuromast, different cellular types of hair cells were observed that could be identified as developing hair cells during the physiological turnover. The knowledge of the observed cellular types of the canal neuromasts and their origin could give a contribution to studies carried out on adult zebrafish used as model in neurological and non‐neurological damages, such as deafness and vestibular disorders.