卡拉白鱼养殖池塘水质分析和浮游生物组成

2009年6月至9月,对卡拉白鱼养殖池塘的水质,浮游生物种类、数量和生物量进行了研究.结果表明:池水pH为9.01,盐度0.19％,碱度9.72 mmol/L,硬度9.99 mmol/L,化学耗氧量(COD) 14.99 nmg/L,总氮1.13 mg/L,总磷0.26 mg/L.水型为C1Mg水质,属于高pH、高碱水体.浮游植物5门10个种属中,蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)有4个种属,占40.07％,其中以铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)为优势种;绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)出现2个种属,分别占33.50％和22.55％,绿藻门以新月藻(Closterium sp.)为主,其他2门2个种属共占4.35％.浮游植物数量变化范围为631.2×104 ～1 091.4× 104 ind/L,生物量变化范围为26.124～41.325 mg/L.浮游动物9个种属中,原生动物(Protozoa)仅1个种属,占16.27％;轮虫(Rotipera)有3个种属,占45.55％;枝角类(Cladocere)3个种属,占22.99％;桡足类(Copepoda)有2个种属,占15.18％.浮游动物数量变化范围175～264 ind/L,生物量13.15 ～ 19.44 mg/L.浮游植物数量在6月份较高,7月逐渐下降,9月份较低;浮游动物群体6月至9月份变化不明显.水质和浮游植物指示物表明池水为重富营养化水体,生物量范围属于肥水高产鱼塘.     

High Drift Rate Effects of Propanil and Basis Gold on the Plankton Communities and Water Quality of a Prestocking Sunshine Bass,Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis,Fry Pond

ABSTRACT

Mesocosm-testing of aerially applied herbicides propanil and Basis Gold (86.8% atrazine) and indicated high drift rates (10–20% of field rates) resulted in adverse impacts on aquaculture production-pond phytoplankton, zooplankton, and critical water-quality variables. Effects on fry pond phytoplankton, zooplankton, and water quality from these herbicides were evaluated at 30% of field application rates, equal to the worst-case scenario from drift to these smaller ponds with consequent higher concentrations. The study was conducted in 12 outdoor pool mesocosms of 500 L volume, filled with pond water from an adjacent 0.1 ha pond fertilized and prepared as recommended for sunshine bass, Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis, fry stocking. Plankton and water quality samples were taken just prior to herbicide application (day 0) and on days 1,2,3,4-zooplankton only, and on day 7 after application. Field application rates for Basis Gold and propanil were 0.8 kg active ingredient and 1.80 kg/ha, respectively. Significant changes from control treatment values were found for several parameters in both herbicide treatments. Following application on June 20, net primary productivity was significantly depressed on day 1 in the propanil treatments, but increased on days 2 and 3. Morning dissolved oxygen (DO) was lower on days 1–3, but not to critical levels. Also, in the presence of propanil, pH and consequently UIA were lower from day 1 to 3. Basis Gold reduced morning DO on days 2 and 3, but not net primary productivity. Nitrite-N, however, was significantly higher on day 1. Phytoplankton total numbers, and the cyanobacterium Chroococcus sp. which dominated, were reduced by propanil on days 1 -3; and similarly affected by Basis Gold on days 2 and 3. Numbers of green algae, Scenedesmus sp. and Coelastrum sp., and diatoms were, however, stimulated by propanil and diatoms by Basis Gold. Zooplankton were little affected by either herbicide. Thus, high levels of drift from propanil and Basis Gold should not result in negative impacts on fry production.     

鲟亲鱼培育池塘中浮游生物的组成与变化特点的研究

研究了2009年5-9月鲟亲鱼养殖池塘中浮游生物的种类组成，细胞数量、优势种组成和随季节的变化。结果显示：鲟亲鱼的活动导致养殖池塘沉积物再悬浮，水体透明度较低。浮游植物的种类组成以绿藻门（Chlorophyta）的月牙藻（Selenastrum spp．）和小球藻（Chlorella spp．）等小型个体为主，浮游植物密度1．0883×lO^7ind．／L—1．5662×lO^7ind．／L，生物量14．6438～19．2535mg/L。浮游动物以轮虫（Rotifera）和桡足类（Copepoda）为优势种群，浮游动物密度162．0000ind／L～560．0000ind／L，生物量0．3795～1．5482mg／L。研究显示，鲟亲鱼的活动是决定池塘浮游生物的群落结构变化的重要过程之一。     

洈水水库浮游生物群落结构特征及水质评价

为阐明洈水水库浮游生物的群落结构特征、了解库区水质现状,于2021年7月(夏)、11月(秋)、2022年1月(冬)和3月(春)调查了洈水水库浮游生物群落结构和水质理化指标。结果显示：浮游植物有75属129种,以绿藻门为主;浮游动物(轮虫和浮游甲壳动物)23属31种,以轮虫为主。浮游生物的优势物种主要为链形小环藻(Cyclotella catenate)、双对栅藻(Scenedesmus biguga)、湖泊伪鱼腥藻(Pseudoanabaena limnetica)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)、无节幼体等。浮游植物和浮游动物密度及其生物量年均值分别为1.656×10⁷、1.75×10² ind./L和6.32、1.92 mg/L。在空间分布上,浮游生物的丰度和生物量由上游河道型库区至下游敞水区大致呈逐渐降低的特点。典范对应分析(CCA)结果显示：PO₄^3--P、WT、pH值和DO均对洈水水库中浮游生物群落的生态分布有重要影响,且NO₃^-<...     

滇池水系不同水体冬季浮游生物群落组成与水质的关系

运用浮游生物群落结构、指示物种和藻类香农—威纳指数,对滇池水系梁家河、翠湖和宝象河的水质进行评价,前两者显示,梁家河和翠湖属中污带水质,富营养化进程仍在继续,宝象河水质较好,属寡污带水质。香农—威纳指数计算结果却显示三个水体水质均较清洁,这可能由于冬季平水期气温、水温低,光照量少,单优的浮游植物群落难以形成,结果造成多样性指数偏高,未能反映出水质状况。因此利用香农—威沃多样性指数评价水质时还应考虑环境因子的同一性。浮游生物群落结构组成变化与气温、水温、透明度密切相关,藻类各类群变化复杂,要同时考虑各类群对特定环境因子的生理耐性和环境因子的变化幅度以及它们复杂的种间关系和环境因子间的互作。当前的滇池治理项目在关注滇池本体治理时,还应加强对入滇池的主要河流的生物监测和管理,及时发现和排除污染源,才能保证入滇池水质的清洁和水质的更新。     

泾河宁夏段夏季浮游生物群落结构特征

2010年7-8月对泾河宁夏段浮游生物群落组成进行了调查.结果表明,该河段浮游植物种类有6门、81种(属),密度为1.1万～11.6万个/L,平均密度为4.37万个/L.生物量为0.024 ～0.210 mg/L,平均生物量为0.083 mg/L.浮游动物有4门、54种(属),密度为60 ～ 185个/L,平均密度为107.73个/L.生物量为0.02～0.66 mg/L,平均生物量为0.24 mg/L.浮游植物多样性指数表明,该河段水质良好,浮游生物群落结构不稳定,易受外界的干扰.     

Plankton populations at the bifurcation of the North Pacific Current

As the eastward‐flowing North Pacific Current approaches the North American continent it bifurcates into the southward‐flowing California Current and the northward‐flowing Alaska Current. This bifurcation occurs in the south‐eastern Gulf of Alaska and can vary in position. Dynamic height data from Project Argo floats have recently enabled the creation of surface circulation maps which show the likely position of the bifurcation; during 2002 it was relatively far north at ∼53°N then, during early 2003, it moved southwards to a more normal position at ∼45°N. Two ship‐of‐opportunity transects collecting plankton samples with a Continuous Plankton Recorder across the Gulf of Alaska were sampled seasonally during 2002 and 2003. Their position was dependent on the commercial ship’s operations; however, most transects sampled across the bifurcation. We show that the oceanic plankton differed in community composition according to the current system they occurred in during spring and fall of 2002 and 2003, although winter populations were more mixed. Displacement of the plankton communities could have impacts on the plankton’s reproduction and development if they use cues such as day length, and also on foraging of higher trophic‐level organisms that use particular regions of the ocean if the nutritional value of the communities is different. Although we identify some indicator taxa for the Alaska and California currents, functional differences in the plankton communities on either side of the bifurcation need to be better established to determine the impacts of bifurcation movement on the ecosystems of the north‐east Pacific.     

转基因鱼试验湖浮游生物群落DNA指纹与理化因子的关系

对转基因鱼试验湖７个采样点的浮游生物群落进行了ＰＣＲ－ＤＧＧＥ指纹分析，并进而探讨了ＤＮＡ指纹与理化因子的关系。结果表明：（１）ＰＣＲ－ＤＧＧＥ指纹图谱中共含１０４谱带，其中原核谱带５８条，真核谱带４６条，其多态性位点分别为８７．９％和８２．６％。（２）各站点的理化因子中，Ⅰ站的ＴＰ含量最高（０．１０ｍｇ／Ｌ），ＴＮ含量在Ⅲ站最高（０．３４ｍｇ／Ｌ），且各站点波动较大，Ⅴ站的透明度最低（６３．００ｃｍ）；ＮＯ３－Ｎ、ＮＨ４－Ｎ、ｐＨ、ＤＯ、ＣＯＤ及电导率在各站点变化不大。基于原核生物图谱的相似性聚类分析表明，浮游生物群落Ⅵ和Ⅶ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ相似度分别较高，Ⅰ站有别于其它各站，单独为１枝；基于真核生物图谱的聚类分析显示，Ⅰ、Ⅱ站聚为１枝，Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ和Ⅶ依次相聚后与Ⅲ站聚为另１大枝，Ⅰ、Ⅱ站与Ⅲ站相距较近；理化因子的主成分分析结果与之基本吻合。因此，浮游生物群落ＤＮＡ多态性与环境理化因子是密切相关的，这类资料的积累将为在分子水平上建立水质预测预报体系奠定基础，为评价转基因鱼生态安全性提供依据。     

Is observed variability in the long-term results of the Continuous Plankton Recorder survey a response to climate change?

In the more than 50 years that the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey has operated on a regular monthly basis in the north-east Atlantic and North Sea, large changes have been witnessed in the planktonic ecosystem. These changes have taken the form of long-term trends in abundance for certain species or stepwise changes for others, and in many cases are correlated with a mode of climatic variability in the North Atlantic, either: (1) the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), a basin-scale atmospheric alteration of the pressure field between the Azores high pressure cell and the Icelandic Low; or (2) the Gulf Stream Index (GSI), which measures the latitudinal position of the north wall of the Gulf Stream. Recent work has shown that the changes in the GSI are coupled with the NAO and Pacific Southern Oscillation with a 2 year lag. The plankton variability is also possibly linked to changes observed in the distribution and flux of water masses in the surface, intermediate and deep waters of the North Atlantic. For example, in the last two decades, the extent and location of the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water, Labrador Sea Intermediate Water and Norwegian Sea intermediate and upper-layer water has altered considerably. This paper discusses the extent to which observed changes in plankton abundance and distribution may be linked to this basin-scale variability in hydrodynamics. The results are also placed within the context of global climate warming and the possible effects of the observed melting of Arctic permafrost and sea ice on the subpolar North Atlantic.     

合肥市大房郢水库蓄水初期浮游生物调查

2005年对合肥市大房郢水库的浮游生物进行了调查,初步鉴定结果:浮游植物8门62属99种,以蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门为主.月平均细胞密度与生物量分别为302.11×104 cell·L-1、2.268 3 mg·L-1.浮游动物76种,其中原生动物24种,轮虫30种,枝角类11种,桡足类11种.月平均个体数量与生物量分别为18 891 ind·L-1、1.817 1 mg·L-1.按马加利夫多样性指数法判定,大房郢水库的水质处于寡污型与β-中污型阶段.此外,提出了利用生物操纵技术等方法改善大房郢水库水质的建议.