奶牛真胃变位的诊断与治疗

真胃变位(abomasal displacement)是指真胃正常解剖学位置发生改变,引起消化功能障碍,导致营养失调的消化系统疾病。真胃变位是奶牛常见疾病,多发于高产奶牛分娩前后,一般情况下多发生左方变位,在断奶前一般发生右方变位。该病主要造成奶牛的淘汰率增加,生产能力下降,治疗费用增多,给奶牛养殖业造成严重损失。本文介绍在富宁兰养殖场实习期间遇到的奶牛真胃变位病例,并从发病原因、临床症状、诊断、治疗、预防等几个方面进行总结,以期为有效防治奶牛真胃变位提供参考。     

Experimental Analysis of Extension Length of Shape Steel in SRC-RC Transfer Column

Seismic performance of SRC-RC transfer column was analyzed based on experiment of 12 specimens of transfer columns and 1 RC specimen under low cyclic reversed loading, which mainly focused on the extension length of shape steel. Analysis and comparison on skeleton curves of specimens was carried out. Analysis was completed for ductility, bearing capacity, energy dissipation capacity and degeneration ratio of strength. Displacement ductility changes with the increase of extension length of shape steel, enhancing at first, then reducing, and reaching peak value when extension length is close to three fifths of column height. Extension length of shape steel has little effect on bearing capacity. Energy dissipation capacity of transfer columns has relationship with many factors. Three fifths of column height is rational for extension length of shape steel, and specimens have not only advanced performance of energy dissipation but also good stability of stiffness and strength in this condition. The bond performance between concrete and shape steel decreases with the increment of extension length of shape steel, and hence stability of strength decreases.     

Image-Based Soil Deformation Measurement in Geotechnical Model Test

Deformation measurement and analysis play an important role in geotechnical model tests. Using the concept of quadrilateral isoperimetric element, the strain filed was achieved from the calculation method based on displacement modes, and the verification results show that this measurement technique has a reliable precision. The soil deformation in model test of square shallow foundation was measured by using this technique, and the results show that the measurement system based on digital image correlation method can realize the whole process quantitative measurement of soil displacement field and shear strain filed. This deformation measurement technique provides a tool for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of soil micromechanics characteristics.     

Comparison Analysis of Calculation Methods of Seismic Displacement for the Isolation System Based on Pure Rolling

With the isolation system based on pure rolling as the object of study, the computer program was develeped to calculate its seismic displacement based on its characteristics. And then, experiment method and theory analysis method were adopted to analyze the new computer program and the traditional calculation method’s rationality in contrast. It is shown that the computer program is reasonable, and its results are relatively accurate and conservative. The traditional calculation method based on the rigid-plastic relation of force and displacement is illogical, and its results are relatively small. When subjected to earthquakes, the structures maximum relative displacement would be larger than the earths maximum absolute displacement.     

An improved localization algorithm based on RSSI for landslide monitoring

In order to overcome the existing problems of low automation, high cost and difficult to implement in the area of landslide monitoring, this paper presents a new method of RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator)based positioning technology without any one-off instruments to monitor landslide surface displacement. By adding weighted factors, the improved positioning algorithm can estimate the parameters of the path loss model dynamically and calculates the communication distance of network nodes in real-time, which can improve positioning precision and reduce the impact of environmental changes on it. The MATLAB experiments show that, compared with the traditional RSSI based localization algorithm using fixed pass loss model, the improved algorithm could significantly reduce the average error.     

液压机械复合传动阶跃输入恒转速输出双前馈模糊PID控制

针对液压机械复合传动系统在阶跃转速输入时输出转速稳定性差、不易控制等问题,该文提出了一种基于液压子系统、机械子系统和液压机械复合传动系统的输入双前馈+模糊PID转速复合控制方法,以系统输出转速恒定为控制目标,将2个子系统转速扰动量折算到变量马达转速变化量,通过排量补偿调节实现对系统输出转速波动控制,最终实现输出转速恒定控制。仿真与试验结果表明:在系统不同初始输入转速基础上,施加特定的阶跃转速扰动,该控制方法具有良好的控制精度和鲁棒性,相比于传统PID控制方法,系统输出转速最大超调量平均降低39.8%,稳定调整时间平均缩短35.53%,系统输出转速平均稳态误差控制在±0.7%之间。该文所提出的双前馈+模糊PID转速复合控制方法,对液压机械复合传动系统阶跃输入扰动引起的输出波动具有抑制作用,控制效果明显,增强系统在非线性输入复杂工况下转速输出的稳定性,可为液压机械复合传动系统在农业机械领域的设计和应用提供参考。     

马铃薯相对分离筛运动位移分析与分离筛性能试验

为解决摆动分离筛薯土分离机理不明确,分离筛参数匹配不尽合理的问题。通过田间试验,获得了无土和有土筛面上马铃薯相对分离筛的位移随曲柄转速、筛面倾角和机器前进平均速度等参数的变化规律,以及分离筛性能指标随参数的变化关系。试验结果表明:马铃薯相对分离筛位移的波动幅度随着曲柄转速的升高而先增大后减小,筛面倾角越大马铃薯相对分离筛位移的波动幅度越小,机器前进平均速度越大位移的波动幅度越大;有土筛面上马铃薯相对分离筛位移的波动幅度较无土筛面上马铃薯位移的波动幅度大;明薯率和破皮率随着曲柄转速的增加而先增大后减小,随着筛面倾角的增大而先减小后增大;机器前进平均速度对明薯率影响不明显,破皮率随着机器前进平均速度的增加而先减小后增大。     

变排量非对称轴向柱塞泵控制特性分析

变排量非对称轴向柱塞泵(Variable-displacement asymmetric axial piston pump,VDAAPP)直接控制单活塞杆缸闭式系统具有结构紧凑、能效高的优势。在定排量三配流窗口轴向柱塞泵的基础上,提出基于斜盘摆角位置反馈的PD变排量控制策略。建立VDAAPP的数学模型,运用近似线性化及降阶的方法分析影响VDAAPP频响的因素,并对斜盘变量阻力矩进行研究。在AMESim中建立VDAAPP电液仿真模型,通过对斜盘受力特性的仿真分析,验证了阻力矩计算的正确性。搭建VDAAPP试验平台,对系统的动态性能进行测试。试验和仿真结果表明,当非对称轴向柱塞泵一个配流窗口吸油、两个配流窗口排油时,非对称轴向柱塞泵斜盘存在较大的单向阻力矩,此单向力矩会降低斜盘摆角减小过程中的动态响应;当采用PD控制、比例系数kp=3时,VDAAPP可实现零超调的变排量控制,且具有较高的响应速度,验证了所提控制方法的合理性。     

农业装备升降装置非接触式光纤位移传感器设计与试验

为了解决农业设备位移的宽量程、高灵敏度非接触测量问题,提出一种基于Peanut-shape迈克尔逊干涉结构的非接触式光纤位移传感器。分析了光纤Peanut-shape迈克尔逊干涉原理,设计了将磁场与Peanut-shape结构形成的全纤式迈克尔逊干涉相结合的传感器结构,并通过磁场仿真,得到磁场强度曲线。建立了传感器应变标定系统和位移测试系统。试验结果表明:Peanut-shape迈克尔逊干涉的光纤传感器应变灵敏度达到1. 82 pm/με,是普通光纤的1. 5倍,线性度为0. 997;位移测试得到的光谱曲线与磁场仿真曲线结果一致,可以实现位移的测量,且线性拟合度达到0. 999。     

A decade of leafminer invasion in China: lessons learned

Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) is a highly invasive species that has become established in agricultural and ornamental crops throughout the world. L. trifolii was first recorded in China in 2005 in Guangdong Province. Subsequently, its known distribution in China has rapidly expanded to another 11 provinces (Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Fujian, Guangxi, Shandong, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei and Anhui), where it is currently causing considerable damage and economic losses. Experimental research and field surveys have contributed to our understanding of the ecology of L. trifolii and particularly the process of invasion and its interactions with other established, exotic Liriomyza leafminer species. A number of factors have contributed to the successful establishment of L. trifolii and displacement of interspecific competitors. In China, L. trifolii has become a particularly devastating pest in areas with intensive farming with extensive monocultures and a reliance on insecticide use. Integrated pest management incorporating judicious applications of insecticide combined with biological and cultural controls is likely to provide the best long‐term management strategy for L. trifolii. We provide information regarding 10 years of L. trifolii invasion in China and discuss areas of future research to enhance our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of L. trifolii and to improve management programmes for this widespread invasive insect pest. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry