Analysis on Foundation Pit Deformation of a Commercial Building in Hangzhou

The foundation pit deformation of a commercial building in Hangzhou is calculated by using calculation method related to foundation pit deformation. The calculation results by m method show that the maximum deformation is 29.2mm and the real maximum deformation is 174.6mm. The deformation character obtained by foundation coefficient method is different from the real deformation. There are lots of factors influencing foundation deformation. According to practical engineering condition, in this study, the influencing factors for soil parameters, bracing condition, condition for insertion of retaining wall into soil and construction speed are determined. The calculation method used is analyzed and modified. Finally, a useful and valid method for calculating foundation deformation is presented, by which the foundation pit deformation in practical project can be forecasted and analyzed.     

Finite Element Analysis on Interaction of Neighboring Highway Tunnels under Construction

Recently, the construction of neighboring highway tunnels with small interval gets more and more in China. The construction of such tunnels proceeds usually by excavating one after another. The second tunnel is constructed with the surrounding rock disturbed by the first one. And the construction of second tunnel also has effect on the first excavated one. For revealing the interaction laws of such tunnel construction in combination with the engineering practice of Lanfeng tunnel at Jinshan Road in Chongqing, The FE numerical simulation analysis was used to study the characters of surrounding rock deformation, stress field, and plastic zone of the tunnel. From this analysis, it clearly shows that the excavation of second tunnel has significant influence on the first one. This study provides a scientific basis for design and excavation of neighboring highway tunnels.     

Test Analysis on Prestressed Frames with Three Kinds of Beam-column Section Strength

"Strong column with weak beam","strong beam with weak column" and"column & beam with equal strength"can be existed in one-storey prestressed concrete frames and the top storey of mult-storey prestressed concrete frames.Through the test of four prestressed concrete frames under vertical load,three kinds of prestressed concrete frames performances are studied,such as ultimate load,deflection,displacement ductility,redistribution of internal force.When the relative height of equivalent compression zone is smaller enough,the test proves that three kinds of prestressed concrete frames can realize full redistribution of internal force and have better displacement ductility,the width of cracks and deflections can satisfy the rules of code for design of concrete structures.     

银杏脱壳的有限元受力分析

该文提出了银杏的几何模型和破壳受力模型，通过有限元分析方法对银杏在各种施力状态下的应力分布进行分析，找出了最佳的施力方向与施力方式，从而对脱壳设备的研制提供了理论依据。     

Modern forestry vehicles and their impacts on soil physical properties

“Close-to-nature forest stands” are one central key in the project “Future oriented Forest Management” financially supported by the German Ministry for Science and Research (BMBF). The determination of ecological as well as economical consequences of mechanized harvesting procedures during the transformation from pure spruce stands to close-to-nature mixed forest stands is one part of the “Southern Black Forest research cooperation”. Mechanical operations of several typical forest harvesting vehicles were analysed to examine the actual soil stresses and displacements in soil profiles and to reveal the changes in soil physical properties of the forest soils. Soil compaction stresses were determined by Stress State Transducer (SST) and displacement transducer system (DTS) at two depths: 20 and 40 cm. Complete harvesting and trunk logging processes accomplished during brief 9-min operations were observed at time resolutions of 20 readings per second. Maximum vertical stresses for all experiments always exceeded 200 kPa and at soil depths of 20 cm for some vehicles and sequences of harvesting operations approached ≥500 kPa. To evaluate the impacts of soil stresses on soil structure, internal soil strengths were determined by measuring precompression stresses. Precompression stress values of forest soils at the field sites ranged from 20 to 50 kPa at soil depths of 20 cm depth and from 25 to 60 kPa at soil depths of 40 cm, at a pore water pressure of −60 hPa. Data obtained for these measured soil stresses and their natural bearing capacities proved that sustainable wheeling is impossible, irrespective of the vehicle type and the working process. Re-occurring top and subsoil compaction, increases in precompression stress values in the various soil horizons, deep rut depths, vertical and horizontal soil displacements associated with shearing stresses, all affected the mechanical strengths of forest soils. In order to sustain naturally “unwheeled” soil areas with minimal compaction, it is recommended that smaller machines, having less mass, be used to complete forest harvesting in order to prevent or at least to maintain currently minimal-compacted forest soils. Additionally, if larger machines are required, permanent wheel and skid tracks must be established with the goal of their maximum usefulness for future forest operations. A first step towards accomplishing these permanent pathways requires comprehensive planning with the Federal State Baden-Württemberg. The new guideline for final opening with skid tracks (Landesforstverwaltung Baden-Württemberg, 2003) proposes a permanent skid track system with a width of 20–40 m.     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF LARYNGOHYOID POSITION AS A PREDICTOR OF DORSAL DISPLACEMENT OF THE SOFT PALATE IN HORSES

Dorsal displacement of the soft palate is an important cause of poor performance in racehorses, yet its etiology is not fully understood. Diagnosis requires treadmill videoendoscopy, which is not widely available. The relationship of the larynx, the hyoid apparatus, and the remainder of the skull may be important in predisposing horses to dorsal displacement of the soft palate. We hypothesized that this relationship could be accurately assessed in unsedated horses through ultrasonographic examination. Fifty-six racehorses presented for evaluation of poor performance were subjected to treadmill videoendoscopy and resting ultrasonography. Using ultrasound-assisted percutaneous measures of laryngo-hyoid position, the relationship between selected anatomic structures and the occurrence of dorsal displacement of the soft palate was evaluated. A significant relationship was found between the depth of the basihyoid bone at rest and the occurrence of dorsal displacement of the soft palate at exercise ( P =0.03). Other measures of laryngohyoid position were not found to be associated with dorsal displacement of the soft palate. Thus, there is an association between the occurrence of dorsal displacement of the soft palate at exercise and the resting position of the basihyoid bone, whereby on average a more ventral location of the basihyoid bone is present in horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate. The pathophysiologic implications of this finding are not fully understood but, based on our findings, ultrasound examination is of value in assisting in the diagnosis of dorsal displacement of the soft palate.     

奶牛皱胃左方变位不同方法治疗前后瘤胃内纤毛虫数量及pH的变化

采用保守疗法、左侧腹壁切口不切开瘤胃和左侧腹壁切口切开瘤胃治疗皱胃左方变位,治疗前后不同时期对患牛进行瘤胃内纤毛虫数量及内容物pH测定.结果表明,手术治疗采用左侧腹壁切口并切开瘤胃,冲洗、取出网胃内金属异物,手术后1d瘤胃内纤毛虫数量及内容物pH较手术前1d显著下降(P＜0.05),恢复缓慢；采用左侧腹壁切口不切开瘤胃,1d后瘤胃内纤毛虫及内容物pH较手术前1d显著上升(P＜0.05),恢复较快；保守疗法瘤胃内纤毛虫数量及内容物pH变化不显著(P＞0.05)；治疗过程中纤毛虫数量受pH影响较大.     

柔性铰链放大的叠堆式超磁致伸缩致动器建模与实验

为满足新型电液伺服阀的驱动要求,设计了柔性铰链放大的叠堆式超磁致伸缩致动器(FASGMA),建立了FASGMA输出位移模型,并进行了实验验证和分析。首先,根据传统GMA偏磁施加方式的特点和不足,采用永磁体和GMM棒交替排布的结构形式,设计了叠堆式超磁致伸缩致动器(SGMA),并利用柔性铰链机构放大其输出位移;然后,根据SGMA的结构特点,建立了反映轴向分布不均匀性的SGMA应变模型;接着,利用力学基本原理和有限元法对柔性铰链机构的放大比和固有频率进行了分析,提出了结构优化设计的方法,完成了放大机构结构参数的确定;在此基础上,考虑SGMA与放大机构的相互作用以及SGMA轴向应变分布规律,建立了FASGMA多自由度位移模型,确定了自由度的合理取值;最后,搭建了FASGMA测试系统,进行了阶跃和正弦激励实验,完成了模型验证。结果表明:实验与模型计算结果吻合,证明了模型准确性;在阶跃激励下,FASGMA最大位移约为130μm,响应时间约为70 ms;正弦激励下,FASGMA工作频带为60 Hz,对激励信号有较好的跟随特性。     

六角形目和无结菱形目经编网片阻力性能与运动变化的比较

通过水槽模型实验,对六角形目经编网片(RHN)和无结菱形目经编网片(KRNDM)不同流速(V,0.5、0.75、1.0、1.25、1.5、1.75、2.0 kn)、不同横向缩结系数(Et,0.60、0.65、0.707)下的网片阻力性能和运动变化进行了比较分析。结果如下:(1)网片固定时,六角形目网片阻力较大,无结菱形目网片阻力较小。在横向缩结系数范围(0.60~0.707)内,无结菱形目网片的阻力随着Et增大而逐渐减小,六角形目网片阻力则与Et变化无明显相关。(2)相同Et时,六角形目网片阻力始终较无结菱形目网片阻力大,且与无结菱形目网片之间的阻力差值随流速的增加逐渐增大。(3)Et对于水平位移和垂直位移的影响随网片的结构差异而不同。相同Et时,六角形目网片的水平位移均较大,无结菱形目网片较小。在设计选用网箱网片时(Et,0.60~0.707),首先应考虑网片网目结构和网线粗度,其次考虑横向缩结系数。