不同饲喂水平对肉用绵羊生长性能、屠宰性能及器官指数的影响

本文旨在研究不同饲喂水平对20～35 kg杜寒杂交公羔的生长性能、屠宰性能和器官指数的影响.采用单因素完全随机区组试验设计,将21只平均体重为(19.14±2.37)kg公羔随机分为3组,按照自由采食(AL组)、自由采食量的70％(IR70组)和自由采食量的40％(IR40组)3个水平饲喂,每组7只羊,每只羊为1个重复.当AL组的试验羊体重达到35 kg时进行屠宰试验,测定生长性能、屠宰性能及重要内脏器官的重量和发育情况.试验期66 d.结果表明:不同的饲喂水平对净增重、平均日增重和干物质采食量有显著的影响(P＜0.05),生长性能和部分屠宰指标表现为相同的变化规律,即AL组＞IR70组＞IR40组,3组之间差异显著(P＜0.05);屠宰率、净肉率和胴体净肉率组间无显著性差异(P＞0.05);AL组瘤胃重占复胃总重比例最高,为67.08％,与IR70组差异不显著(P＞0.05);肝脏重占宰前活重比例以AL组最高,显著高于IR70和IR40组(P＜0.05).结果提示,饲喂水平对肉用绵羊生长性能、复胃的重量与发育、主要生理器官的发育具有不同程度的影响;本试验结果与NRC( 2007)肉羊的饲养标准有一定的差距.     

棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交F1 仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食与生长特性分析

采用生态学方法,观察分析了人工育苗条件下棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus,♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus,♂)杂交F1仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食习性和生长特性。结果表明,在水温29~30℃,盐度为29~30时,其杂交F1仔鱼3天开口摄食,开口饵料为ss型褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis),随后饵料系列为L型褶皱臂尾轮虫、卤虫无节幼体(Artemia salina)、卤虫(Artemia)和配合饵料;6日龄仔鱼的摄食率为92.31%,7~9日龄以后仔鱼的饱食率大都达到90%~100%;随着仔稚幼鱼的生长发育,其饱食时间逐渐缩短,消化时间逐渐增加。杂交F1仔稚鱼的摄食高峰都出现在白天,仔稚鱼夜间几乎不摄食,属白天摄食型。此外,仔、稚、幼鱼纯体重(W)与摄食量(Y)的关系为Y=0.2078W–3.3738,全长(L)与日龄(X)的关系为L=2.3159e0.0595X,纯体重(W)与日龄(X)的关系为W=0.0748e0.2021X,全长(L)与纯体重(W)的关系为W=0.0045L3.3775,口裂宽(Y)与日龄(X)的关系为Y=1.9687e0.0605X。由此可知杂交F1仔、稚、幼鱼的生长属于均匀生长型。     

杂交改良对麻城黑山羊肌肉化学成分的影响

通过分析麻城黑山羊及杂交后代肌肉的化学成分,旨在探讨杂交改良对麻城黑山羊肌肉品质的影响.选用麻城黑山羊,波尔山羊×麻城黑山羊(简称:波麻F1),波麻F1×波麻F1(波麻F2)3个组,以放牧加补饲的方式饲养,试验结束时每组选取12只屠宰并进行肌肉化学成分分析.结果表明,麻城黑山羊及杂交后代间常规营养成分差异均不显著(P＞...     

Effects of misty‐fan cooling and supplemental rbST on rumen function and milk production of crossbred Holstein cattle during early,mid and late lactation in a tropical environment

Two groups of five crossbred 87.5% Holstein cattle were housed in normal shade only (NS) as non‐cooled cows and in shaded housing with misty‐fan cooling (MF) as cooled cows. The cows were treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) in early, mid and late lactation with three consecutive injections of rbST in every 14 days. Ambient temperatures and the temperature humidity index in the NS barn were significantly higher than those of the MF barn, whereas relative humidity in MF was higher than that of NS barn. The DMI of cooled cows were higher than those of non‐cooled cows, and cooled cows exhibited more response to rbST treatment. Exogenous rbST significantly increased milk yield throughout lactation. The rbST‐treated cows had higher total ruminal fermentation products as volatile fatty acid and ammonia nitrogen than the non‐rbST treated cows and associated changes were greater in cooled animals in all stages of lactation. Exogenous rbST increased the concentrations of milk urea nitrogen in both groups. These results suggest that the changes in ruminal fermentation with greater production of total VFA and NH₃N in response to rbST in crossbred cows whether under misty‐fan cooling or not, is in part through an increase in feed intake, thereby making more substrate available to the mammary gland for milk synthesis.     

西北肉用绵羊新品种陶波滩寒蒙组合生长发育性状的改良效果

以引进的无角陶赛特羊、渡德代及本地滩羊与小尾寒羊及蒙古羊不同杂交组合的后代(杂交一代、杂交二代及杂交三代)为研究对象,采用随机抽样的方法.对已培育出的西北肉用绵羊新品种群的部分杂交组合生长发育性状,在不同月龄通过测定体重体尺指标进行研究.探讨了培育新品种最佳的杂交组合模式.结果表明,杂种三代生长发育速度快于杂种二代.杂种二代生长发育速度优于杂种一代:三种杂交组合改良小尾寒羊及蒙古羊的效果都好,尤其是高代或三元杂交的经济效应更为显著.因此.选择理想型的三代或二代杂种羊进行横交固定培育新品种的技术方案是可行的.     

水稻雄性不育系隐性标记性状的研究进展

介绍了隐性水稻标记性状在水稻育种上的应用价值,综述了水稻隐性标记性状的研究进展,并针对当前的披叶标记、淡绿色叶色标记、紫叶标记、转绿型叶色标记作了逐一介绍,最后,探讨了水稻标记性状在实际生产中的应用前景。     

影响猪肉质因素的探讨

利用６０头杂交组合试验猪从遗传和环境两方面探讨影响肉质的因素,结果表明,７５－８５Ｖ,２４００－３０００ＨＺ的电击昏明显优于２２０Ｖ、５０ＨＺ,且对肉质无显著影响,肌肉温度若高于４０℃,则对了长肌的ＰＨ值有显著影响;遗传材料不同,肌肉品质各异,因此,规范化的宰前处理和屠宰条件是正确评判肉质的前提,遗传材料是影响肉质的主要因素。     

A novel route of follicle-stimulating hormone administration with a split-single ischiorectal fossa in Thai-Holstein crossbred superovulation programs under heat stress conditions

The objectives of this study were to compare the efficiency of a split single injection of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) given by either intramuscular (split-single IM) or ischiorectal fossa (split-single IRF) injection to the traditional treatment and to determine the concentrations of FSH. The temperature and humidity index (THI) values were interpreted together with the ovarian responses and embryo characteristics. The ovarian responses in the split-single IRF group were similar to those of the control group (p > .05) but higher compared with the split-single IM group (p < .05). Higher peak levels of plasma FSH in the split-single IRF group did not differ compared with the control group (p > .05) but were lower in split-single IM administration (p < .05). The results showed a significant decrease in the numbers of large follicles and corpora lutea (CLs) in the moderate THI compared with low and high THI (p < .05). The high THI affected ovulation rate as well as the numbers of transferable embryos and degenerated embryos (p < .05). In conclusion, the split-single IRF administration had a comparable superovulatory response to the traditional twice-daily protocol. Moreover, the ovulation rate, ovarian follicle responses, and embryo quality were affected by heat stress.     

西门塔尔牛改良当地黄牛效果试验

[目的]为了加快当地黄牛改良步伐,进一步提高黄牛生产性能.[方法]通过对西本杂交一代牛与本地黄牛育肥试验对比,[结果]显示,西杂牛各生长阶段生产性能均高于本地黄牛,育肥效果良好.[结论]试验对加快肉牛产业的发展步伐具有重要的参考价值.