PMSG对甘肃高山细毛羊同期发情和繁殖率的影响

在甘肃省肃南县康乐乡对甘肃高山细毛羊应用阴道栓与孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)结合处理,结果表明,不同注射剂量和处理方式对母羊的同期发情和繁殖率均有影响,在埋栓后12.5 d注射550 IU PMSG并在放栓后14 d撤除阴道栓后的0-48 h发情率显著高于其他试验组(P0.05);在埋栓后13 d注射600 IU PMSG同时撤除阴道栓的试验组繁殖率最高(P0.05)。但综合繁殖率和经济效益考虑,在埋栓后间隔12.5 d注射550 IU PMSG并在放栓后14 d撤除阴道栓0-48 h的试验组效果最好,平均每只母羊净收入可达773.7元。     

不同代谢葡萄糖水平对绵羊人工瘤胃发酵特性、微生物蛋白质浓度和产气参数的影响

本试验旨在通过人工瘤胃体外培养,研究不同代谢葡萄糖水平下的绵羊瘤胃发酵特性、微生物蛋白质浓度和产气参数。采用单因子试验设计,共设计4个代谢葡萄糖水平[125(A)、138(B)、153(C)、168 g/kg(D)]。体外试验所用瘤胃液采自4只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的绵羊。分别于培养0、2、4、6、8、12、24 h采集2 mL培养液用于分析。结果表明:1)8~24 h培养液pH随着代谢葡萄糖水平的提高而出现显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);氨氮浓度在2 h时D组显著高于A组(P0.05),而在6 h时A组显著高于其他3组(P0.05)。2)D组6h培养液细菌蛋白浓度显著高于A组(P0.05);随着代谢葡萄糖水平的提高,培养液丙酸、丁酸、总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度总体呈升高趋势,乙酸/丙酸呈下降趋势。3)随着代谢葡萄糖水平的提高,理论最大产气量极显著降低(P0.01),达1/2理论最大产气量的时间极显著缩短(P0.01);潜在产气量无显著变化(P0.05),24 h产气量和产气速率常数分别显著或极显著下降和上升(P0.05或P0.01)。结果提示,提高代谢葡萄糖水平,可以提高丙酸、总挥发性脂肪酸的浓度,同时可为绵羊提供较多的生糖前体物质。     

应用PCR-DGGE技术比较绵羊瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃菌群的多样性

本研究采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)技术结合DGGE图谱条带的克隆和测序比较了绵羊瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃菌群的多样性,同时对菌群进行了聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明:绵羊瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃和皱胃内容物DGGE图谱的平均条带数分别为18、13、16和15条;瘤胃和瓣胃内菌群的多样性指数、均匀度和丰富度均较高,分别为2.83、0.79、17.00和2.82、0.79、16.80,而网胃和皱胃内容物较低,分别为2.52、0.70、12.60和2.73、0.76、15.40;聚类分析结果显示不同胃的内容物菌群具有一定差异,但不同动物个体相同胃的内容物相似性系数均高于0.63;PCR-DGGE图谱中测序的条带大多数归为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),优势菌群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)细菌、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)细菌、未培养瘤胃细菌(uncultured rumen bacterium)、未培养细菌(uncultured bacterium)和韦荣球菌科(Veillonellaceae)细菌,特异性细菌为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter sp.)细菌和瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcaceae)细菌。结果提示,绵羊4个胃中均含有种类丰富和数量巨大的细菌,且随着消化道部位由前往后的顺序,菌群的多样性呈现先高后降低再升高的趋势。     

绵羊肺腺瘤病毒致瘤机制研究进展

绵羊肺腺瘤(OPA)是由绵羊肺腺瘤病毒(OPAV)引起的一种慢性、传染性绵羊肺脏肿瘤性疾病,该病对养羊业,特别是种羊的发展有重大影响,世界动物卫生组织将其列为必须通报的动物疫病。论文就近年来国内外关于OPAV致瘤机制的相关研究进行了综述,包括OPAV的转录特异性和囊膜蛋白的致瘤作用和OPAV受体等。这对深入研究OPAV的致瘤机制及确定相应的防控靶点,具有重要的理论意义和潜在的应用价值。     

血清中不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素浓度的绵羊感染绵羊肺炎支原体后免疫因子表达的变化

为研究中国美利奴羊不同甘露(聚)糖结合凝集素(MBL)浓度感染绵羊肺炎支原体(MO)的免疫因子水平变化,本研究选择血清中MBL高、低浓度的绵羊各6只(感染组和对照组各3只),感染组人工感染MO,分别在人工感染前和感染后不同时间,采用荧光定量PCR法检测血液中血清因子及补体表达水平。结果显示,不同MBL浓度的绵羊人工感染后MBL m RNA水平呈下降趋势,MBL高浓度促炎因子IL-2和IFN-γ的m RNA表达水平较高,抗炎因子IL-4的m RNA表达水平在感染后1 d升高,此后开始下降,而IL-4的m RNA水平在14 d后有所升高;MBL低浓度羊感染后其TNF-α的m RNA水平显著升高,随炎症的缓解,逐渐降低;补体C1和C3的m RNA在感染后表现出不同的变化,MO感染可以激活补体途径。本研究结果表明,低血清MBL浓度与绵羊支原体肺炎具有一定的相关性,MBL不同浓度组之间其IL-2、IL-4、TNF-α、IFN-γ、补体C1、C3水平存在差异,低浓度MBL的绵羊更易发生比较严重的炎症反应。     

绵羊MHCⅡ类基因遗传多态性研究进展

主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)是广泛存在于脊椎动物体内的一类高度紧密连锁的基因群,绵羊MHC又称为绵羊淋巴细胞表面抗原(ovine lymphocyte antigen,OLA),位于绵羊20号染色体上,分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类区域,其中MHCⅡ类基因具有高度的基因多态性.文章综述了绵羊MHCⅡ类基因的分子结构及遗传多态性,重点总结了近十年来国内外不同绵羊品种MHCⅡ类基因遗传多态性的研究进展,并对绵羊MHCⅡ类基因未来的研究重点进行了展望.     

内蒙古地区暖棚养羊的必要性和太阳能采暖的应用

内蒙古大部分地区的严寒季节长达6~7个月,受寒冷气候条件的影响,散养羊生长缓慢,饲料消耗量增加,掉膘现象严重,产羔率和羔羊成活率也受到严重影响,大大降低了养羊的经济效益。建筑暖棚不仅能提供充足的热能,还可防止羊只掉膘。但是,常用的取暖方式以燃烧木材、煤或羊粪砖为主,存在着污染环境的隐患,并会受资源短缺的限制。太阳能作为一种新能源,是人类可以利用的最丰富的能源,可以就地开发利用,不存在运输问题,是一种洁净的能源,不会造成污染和公害。因此,利用太阳能采暖和暖棚养羊能够推动畜牧业向健康、高效、资源节约的合理方向发展。     

绵羊多羔主效基因BMPR1B的研究进展

骨形态发生蛋白受体1B(Bone morphogenetic protein receptor 1B,BMPR1B)是一种重要的跨膜受体蛋白,主要参与转化生长因子β(TGF-β)通路,其在调控成骨分化、细胞扩散以及卵巢卵泡发育等过程中起重要作用,并直接影响如绵羊等动物的繁殖性状。绵羊BMPR1B基因发生A746G突变(命名为FecB突变),导致第249位氨基酸由谷氨酰胺(Q)转变为精氨酸(R),进而使得绵羊排卵数和产羔数显著增加,因此BMPR1B成为目前最受关注的绵羊多羔主效基因。论文就绵羊BMPR1B基因定位、功能机制研究进展及其对高繁殖力绵羊的影响进行了综述,同时也对BMPR1B功能研究中一些亟待解决的问题展开了讨论。     

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Cottonseed Hull as a Feed of Sheep

In this paper through digestive and metabolic experiments studied the voluntary intake and apparent digestibility of cottonseed hulls (kernel-contained CH,kernel-free CH) and cornstalk on sheep to evaluate the nutrition value and digestion characteristics of cottonseed hulls.12 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into two groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,fed with kernel-free CH by 400 (group 1) or 800 (group 2) g/(head·day) respectively,to estimate the digestibility of CH by difference method;As well,another 18 of adult Xinjiang merino rams were selected and divided into three groups (n=6 each group),and on the basis of 300 g/(head·day) of mixed concentrate,cafeteria feeding with kernel-contained CH (group 3),kernel-free CH (group 4) or ground cornstalks (group 5) respectively,to study the effects of three diets on the voluntary intake,digestion and metabolism of sheep.The results showed that the apparent digestibility of the DM,OM,CP,cellulose,hemicellulose and energy of kernel-free CH by sheep were 46.71%,47.37%,-53.40%,66.60%,62.48% and 42.59%,respectively.There were no significant differences in the intake of DM,OM,cellulose,hemicellulose,energy and Ca between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05);Intake of CP and P in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);Intake of lignin in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly lower than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).There were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of DM,OM and energy between kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).The apparent digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose in kernel-free CH group were significantly and extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01),respectively.The apparent digestibility of CP in kernel-contained CH group was extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01).The apparent digestibility of DM,OM,CP,cellulose and energy in ground cornstalks group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P< 0.01),however,the apparent digestibility of Ca and P were lower than that in kernel-contained CH and kernel-free CH groups (P> 0.05).Intake and retention of nitrogen in kernel-contained CH group were extremely significantly higher than that in kernel-free CH group (P< 0.01);The was no significant difference in the retention of nitrogen between kernel-free diet group and cornstalk diet group (P> 0.05).It was concluded that CH was a kind of special forage with larger intake,higher digestibility on the fiber substances and energy,but with a serious obstruction on protein digestion;The nutritional value between kernel-free diet and cornstalk diet was almost equal,and with lower nitrogen digestibility on kernel-free diet.     

Factors affecting a sheep vegetation management system in British Columbia, Canada

A silvopastoral agroforestry system involving sheep is an important silvicultural issue. We examined the factors that affect the continuation or discontinuation of sheep vegetation management (SVM) in British Columbia. A questionnaire was used to conduct interviews with a randomly selected sample of contractors and farmers who were involved in SVM in British Columbia (BC). Based on a stepwise discriminant analysis, we found that the profitability of SVM, and the practitioners' commitment (number of ewes owned by the farmer or contractor), experience (number of years the farmer or contractor has practiced SVM on public lands in BC) and trust or confidence (number of years the farmer or contractor has consistently worked for the landlord) contributed to the farmer's or contractor's continuation or discontinuation of SVM practice. The factors we defined seemed to be validated (corroborated) by a complex of determinants voiced by various experts concerning the relationship between SVM and the forestry economy in BC, the scale of sheep farming in BC, the relative absence of an agricultural infrastructure to support sheep farming in BC, and the continuity of SVM from year to year. Further investigation into these factors and others is required to advance our understanding of SVM in British Columbia. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.