Anxiolytic-Like Effect of a Salmon Phospholipopeptidic Complex Composed of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Bioactive Peptides

A phospholipopeptidic complex obtained by the enzymatic hydrolysis of salmon heads in green conditions; exert anxiolytic-like effects in a time and dose-dependent manner, with no affection of locomotor activity. This study focused on the physico-chemical properties of the lipidic and peptidic fractions from this natural product. The characterization of mineral composition, amino acid and fatty acids was carried out. Stability of nanoemulsions allowed us to realize a behavioral study conducted with four different tests on 80 mice. This work highlighted the dose dependent effects of the natural complex and its various fractions over a period of 14 days compared to a conventional anxiolytic. The intracellular redox status of neural cells was evaluated in order to determine the free radicals scavenging potential of these products in the central nervous system (CNS), after mice sacrifice. The complex peptidic fraction showed a strong scavenging property and similar results were found for the complex as well as its lipidic fraction. For the first time, the results of this study showed the anxiolytic-like and neuroprotective properties of a phospholipopeptidic complex extracted from salmon head. The applications on anxiety disorders might be relevant, depending on the doses, the fraction used and the chronicity of the supplementation.     

伊维菌素纳米乳注射液的研制与质量安全性评价

本研究旨在研制伊维菌素纳米乳注射液(5%)并对其理化性能、载药量、稳定性和急性毒性进行评价。采用伪三元相图法进行处方筛选,在常温下,以黏度、电导率、折光率、Z电位、平均粒径为指标考察纳米乳的理化性能;在不同的温度、光照和湿度条件下以药物含量为指标考察纳米乳的稳定性;采用HPLC法测定载药量,用小鼠灌胃的方法进行急性毒性研究。结果表明,该纳米乳在透射电镜下观察其乳滴呈球状,平均粒径为70 nm;不同温度、光照和湿度条件下含量无明显变化,稳定性良好;小鼠急性毒性试验表明该纳米乳注射液(0.1%)属于实际无毒。结果提示,本研究研制的伊维菌素纳米乳注射液(5%)制备简单,是一种质量稳定、安全性高的新制剂。     

痢菌净纳米乳的制备及体外释放度测定

为减少痢菌净的毒副作用及临床用药次数,用水包油法制备了痢菌净纳米乳,并对其形态、粒径、稳定性及体外释放等性能进行了研究。结果显示,纳米乳的稳定性较好,平均粒径在50nm左右,80 h体外释放率达到70%,具备明显的缓释功能,说明痢菌净纳米乳的制备工艺可行。     

替米考星纳米乳的制备及其质量评价

【目的】制备替米考星纳米乳,并进行质量评价。【方法】通过伪三元相图法优选处方,以吐温-80为表面活性剂、无水乙醇为助表面活性剂、IPM为油相制备替米考星纳米乳,并对其形态特征、稳定性和体外药效进行评价。【结果】替米考星纳米乳的最佳处方是:替米考星5.5%,无水乙醇18.5%,吐温-80 27.5%,IPM 5%,蒸馏水43.5%(各组分含量均为质量分数)。替米考星纳米乳在透射电镜下呈圆形,激光粒度分析仪测定其粒径为10~25nm。经高速离心和在-4℃、室温、60℃条件下留样观察,外观均未见发生变化。替米考星纳米乳对巴氏杆菌、无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、致病性大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌的最小抑菌浓度分别是1.95,3.9,7.81,3.9和1.95μg/mL。【结论】替米考星纳米乳为澄清透明的淡黄色液体,稳定性良好,对巴氏杆菌、无乳链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、致病性大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌均有较强的抑菌和杀菌作用。     

甲酚纳米乳消毒剂的质量评价及消毒功效研究

【目的】对甲酚纳米乳消毒剂进行质量评价和消毒功效研究。【方法】分别利用肉眼观察和离心法检测甲酚纳米乳消毒剂的外观性状和物理稳定性,染色法和稀释法鉴别其结构类型,透射电镜观察其微观形态,激光粒度分析仪测定其粒径大小,加速试验考察其稳定性,最后通过载体定量杀菌试验和物体表面现场消毒试验研究甲酚纳米乳消毒剂的消毒功效。【结果】甲酚纳米乳消毒剂外观澄明、均一,离心不分层,为水包油型纳米乳,乳滴呈规则的球形,平均粒径为(34.89±3.56)nm,粒径呈正态分布;在37℃贮存90d,主药甲酚的平均含量下降了9.62%,稳定性良好。体积分数0.5%和1.0%的甲酚纳米乳消毒剂分别作用3和1min以上时,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的平均杀灭率均大于99.90%;体积分数1%和高于3%的甲酚纳米乳消毒剂分别作用5和3min以上时,对自然菌的杀灭率均大于90%;甲酚纳米乳消毒剂的消毒效果与来苏儿无显著差异(P0.05)。【结论】甲酚纳米乳消毒剂水溶性好,刺激性气味小,稳定性好,消毒功效强,值得在临床中推广应用。     

麻疯树籽酶解液纳米乳液体系构建及其稳定性研究

利用水酶法处理麻疯树籽得到酶解液中的乳状液及水解液作为复合乳化剂,采用高压均质技术制备麻疯树籽酶解液纳米乳液。研究麻疯树籽酶解液中乳状液和水解液添加量,以及高压均质压力和均质次数对纳米乳液平均粒径、分散性指数(PDI)、ζ-电位、浊度、乳化产率和乳液稳定性指数(TSI)等性质影响,确定纳米乳液最佳制备工艺参数为:乳状液添加量15. 55%、水解液添加量45. 25%、高压均质压力91 MPa、均质次数4次。此条件下,纳米乳液平均粒径为297. 2 nm,TSI为2. 98,乳化产率高达92. 47%。通过超高分辨显微镜观测到麻疯树籽酶解液纳米乳液粒径均一、分布均匀,纳米乳液界面蛋白吸附量高达31. 20 mg/m~2。     

薄荷油纳米乳液消化规律与稳定性研究

研究了薄荷油纳米乳液在体外模拟消化过程中乳液包埋对其平均粒径、ζ-电位、游离脂肪酸释放率以及薄荷醇生物可利用度的影响。激光扫描3D共聚焦显微镜观察薄荷油纳米乳液的显微结构,研究发现薄荷油完全被SPI包埋,纳米乳液液滴呈球状形态,表明大豆蛋白完整地吸附于纳米乳液的油-水界面处,呈现出核壳状结构。高压均质处理制备的薄荷油纳米乳液的游离脂肪酸释放率及薄荷醇生物可利用度远大于薄荷油的对照组。薄荷油纳米乳液在模拟胃消化阶段,乳液的平均粒径、ζ-电位均变大,乳液的微观结构表明消化体系出现液滴聚合现象;在模拟肠液消化后,薄荷油纳米乳液的界面蛋白被水解,油滴被消化,乳液的平均粒径减小、ζ-电位绝对值增加。通过多重光散射稳定性分析仪检测薄荷油纳米乳液的稳定性,薄荷油稳定性指数为2.8,且检测过程中并未出现乳液上浮和絮凝等现象。     

复方呋喃西林纳米乳对子宫内膜炎主要致病菌体外抗菌活性研究

用紫外分光光度计测定呋喃西林在3种油(IPM、橄榄油、石蜡油)和2种表面活性剂(RH40、Tween80)中的溶解度,采用转相乳化法制备复方呋喃西林纳米乳,利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和激光粒度测定仪分别考察其形态、粒径及其稳定性,并利用Kirby-Baueer(K-B)法和最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC)测定法对奶牛子宫内膜炎主要致病菌的体外抗菌活性进行研究。结果显示,制备的纳米乳为澄清透明的球状液滴,平均粒径为67.2 nm;与传统的宫炎清、聚维酮碘溶液和呋喃西林水溶液剂相比,纳米乳对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌的抗菌活性较强,差异极显著(P<0.01)。制备的复方呋喃西林纳米乳是一种质量稳定、高效的抗菌剂。     

Neem oil (Azadirachta indica) nanoemulsion--a potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus

BACKGROUND: Nanoemulsion composed of neem oil and non‐ionic surfactant Tween 20, with a mean droplet size ranging from 31.03 to 251.43 nm, was formulated for various concentrations of the oil and surfactant. The larvicidal effect of the formulated neem oil nanoemulsion was checked against Culex quinquefasciatus. RESULTS: O/W emulsion was prepared using neem oil, Tween 20 and water. Nanoemulsion of 31.03 nm size was obtained at a 1:3 ratio of oil and surfactant, and it was found to be stable. The larger droplet size (251.43 nm) shifted to a smaller size of 31.03 nm with increase in the concentration of Tween 20. The viscosity of the nanoemulsion increased with increasing concentration of Tween 20. The lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of the nanoemulsion against Cx. quinquefasciatus was checked for 1:0.30, 1:1.5 and 1:3 ratios of oil and surfactant respectively. The LC₅₀ decreased with droplet size. The LC₅₀ for the ratio 1:3 nanoemulsions was 11.75 mg L^?1. CONCLUSION: The formulated nanoemulsion of 31.03 nm size was found to be an effective larvicidal agent. This is the first time that a neem oil nanoemulsion of this droplet size has been reported. It may be a good choice as a potent and selective larvicide for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

复方阿莫西林纳米乳制剂的安全性评价

通过急性毒性试验、皮肤刺激性试验和细胞毒性试验,对复方阿莫西林纳米乳(AMX-LH-NE)进行体内外安全性评价.结果表明,AMX-LH-NE毒性低,无法测出其半数致死量,小鼠的最大耐受量倍数为426倍;无论是单次给药,还是多次给药,AMX-LH-NE对完整皮肤和破损皮肤均无明显刺激性;AMX-LH-NE为10～150 mg.L-1时,对乳腺上皮细胞的生长和形态无明显影响,其毒性分级属于0或1级,即对乳腺上皮细胞无毒性作用.