硝唑尼特纳米乳的制备及其急性毒性测定

【目的】制备硝唑尼特纳米乳,并对其理化性质及安全性进行评价。【方法】以纳米乳的载药量、稳定性和毒性为考察指标,筛选合适的油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂和助溶剂,再利用伪三元相图筛选最佳配方并制备硝唑尼特纳米乳。用透射电镜观察硝唑尼特纳米乳的形态,用激光粒度分析仪测定其粒径分布范围、多分散系数(PDI)和Zeta电位,通过留样观察和加速试验考察其稳定性,采用急性毒性试验评估其安全性。【结果】硝唑尼特纳米乳配方中各组分的最佳配比(质量分数)为:二甲基亚砜0.3%,硝唑尼特0.45%,肉桂醛6.0%,1,2-丙二醇5.0%,聚氧乙烯醚蓖麻油30.0%,蒸馏水58.25%。制备出的硝唑尼特水包油型纳米乳呈规则的圆球型,粒径为5～30nm,平均粒径13.8nm,外观澄清透明;稳定性试验结果显示,其在-4℃、室温和60℃条件下储藏均未出现浑浊、分层或药物析出等现象,稳定性表现良好;急性毒性试验表明,该纳米乳半数致死量(LD50)为5 391mg/kg,属实际无毒的药物,有良好的安全性。【结论】成功研制了硝唑尼特纳米乳,其稳定性好,安全性高。     

氟康唑纳米乳的制备及其体外药敏试验研究

【目的】研制氟康唑纳米乳,并对其理化性质和体外抑菌活性进行考察。【方法】利用伪三元相图法筛选氟康唑纳米乳配方,用透射电镜、激光粒度分析仪对其进行形态和粒径分析,并进行稳定性考察,用微量液体稀释法进行体外药敏试验。【结果】氟康唑纳米乳中各组分的质量分数为:EL-40 26.2%,无水乙醇8.6%,乙酸丁酯3.1%,肉桂醛3.1%,氟康唑1.6%,蒸馏水57.4%。制备的氟康唑纳米乳为浅黄色澄清透明液体,透射电镜下为规则圆球形,平均粒径为15.2nm,分散性良好;经高速离心试验、热稳定性试验和光稳定性试验考察,仍保持澄清透明,未见纳米乳发生变化;药敏试验结果表明,氟康唑纳米乳对白色念珠菌和酿酒酵母菌的最小抑菌质量浓度均为0.5μg/mL,其抑菌效果明显优于氟康唑原料药和特比萘芬。【结论】成功研制了氟康唑纳米乳,其稳定性好,体外抑菌效果良好。     

头孢克肟纳米乳的制备及其体外抑菌活性测定和安全性评价

【目的】制备头孢克肟纳米乳,考察其理化性质,并进行体外抑菌活性检测和安全性评价。【方法】利用伪三元相图法筛选头孢克肟纳米乳配方,制备头孢克肟纳米乳,用透射电镜、激光粒度分析仪对其进行形态和粒径分析;采用微量肉汤稀释法,检测头孢克肟纳米乳对致病性大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、无乳链球菌和不动杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌质量浓度(MBC),通过急性毒性试验考察其安全性。【结果】头孢克肟纳米乳中各组分的质量分数为:EL-40 27.1%、肉桂醛6.8%、头孢克肟2.0%、蒸馏水64.1%。制备的头孢克肟纳米乳为浅黄色澄清透明液体,透射电镜下为规则圆球形,粒径分布在6～20nm,平均粒径为12.1nm,多分散系数(PDI)为0.141,分散性良好。体外抑菌试验表明,头孢克肟纳米乳对致病性大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌、无乳链球菌和不动杆菌的MIC分别为1,4,4,2,8μg/mL,MBC分别为2,8,8,4,16μg/mL,抑菌效果明显优于其他对照药物。急性毒性试验表明,头孢克肟纳米乳的LD50为4 116mg/kg,属于低毒药物,安全性良好。【结论】成功研制了头孢克肟纳米乳,体外抑菌效果明显,属于低毒药物,具有良好的安全性。     

乳房炎牛奶中复方阿莫西林纳米乳的残留检测及消除试验

利用高效液相色谱仪建立复方阿莫西林纳米乳（AMX-LH-NE）在牛奶中的残留监控高效液相色谱法（HPLC）,并通过残留消除试验,研究AMX-LH-NE在乳房炎牛奶中的残留消除规律,确定其弃奶期。结果显示,阿莫西林（AMX）和盐酸左氧氟沙星（LH）分别在7.5～400μg/L和40～600μg/L线性关系良好;平均回收率为（99.72±1.46）%和（99.65±1.53）%;相对标准偏差（relative standard deviation,RSD）为1.46%和1.54%;平均保留时间为（11.59±0.21）min和（6.87±0.02）min;日内精密度RSD为1.59%和1.39%,日间精密度RSD为3.17%和3.29%。在乳房炎牛奶中,AMX和LH的残留量均随着休药时间的延长而迅速降低;AMX的弃奶期为停药后35.96h,LH的弃奶期为停药后32.94h。结果表明,所建立的HPLC方法专属性好,回收率、重复性和精密度高,可为牛奶中AMX-LH-NE的残留监控提供检测方法;利用此检测方法确定的AMX-LH-NE的弃奶期为停药后36h。     

Alginate coarse/nanoemulsions containing Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil as edible coatings and the impact on microbial quality of trout fillet

In this study, the effect of edible coarse/nanoemulsions of alginate as coating containing Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil (ZEO) on the microbial quality of fish fillets was investigated at three concentrations (i.e. 0.25%, 0.5% and 1% [w/v]) in 16 days of storage at 4°C. Moreover, a comparison was made between the fabricated coarse emulsion and nanoemulsion coatings by particle size and polydispersity index analyses. Sample analysis was performed with regard to total viable count (TVC), total psychrophilic count (TPC), hydrogen sulphide‐producing bacteria count (HSC) and Enterobacteriaceae count (ENC) on days 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16. According to the findings, all the samples showed increased microbial counts during the storage periods. The highest reduction rates of TVC (about 2 log CFU/g), TPC (about 1 log CFU/g), HSC (about 1.5 log CFU/g) and ENC (about 3 log CFU/g) were observed in the nanoemulsion of alginate containing 1% w/v ZEO (NE 1%) samples, compared with alginate and control samples. The microbial growth was significantly inhibited in all treatments, compared with that in the control (p < .05). Accordingly, it can be concluded that nanoemulsion coating was more effective than coarse emulsion to prolong the durability of fish fillets and revealed a faster and greater inhibition of microbial flora, compared with coarse emulsions during the storage time.     

Effect of β-Glucan Stabilized Virgin Coconut Oil Nanoemulsion on Properties of Croaker Surimi Gel

Effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) nanoemulsion stabilized by β-glucan and β-glucan solution at final β-glucan levels of 5–20% (based on solid weight of surimi) on croaker surimi gel were comparatively studied. Increases in breaking force, deformation, and fracture constant were found in surimi gel containing VCO nanoemulsion stabilized by 5% β-glucan, whereas a decrease in all properties was observed as the level of β-glucan in nanoemulsion increased. The addition of β-glucan solutions led to continuous decrease in breaking force, deformation, and fracture constant, compared to the control. Addition of both β-glucan stabilized nanoemulsion and β-glucan solutions resulted in decrease in viscoelastic moduli. Power law model represented viscoelastic behavior of all the gels. Expressible moisture content decreased, while whiteness increased with the addition of β-glucan-stabilized nanoemulsion, compared with gel containing VCO. However, both expressible moisture content and whiteness increased with the addition of β-glucan solutions, at all levels used. Addition of β-glucan-stabilized nanoemulsion resulted in finer gels compared to the control gel added with only VCO. Generally, overall likeness score increased for gel containing VCO nanoemulsion stabilized by 5% β-glucan. The surimi gel containing both medium chain fatty acids and β-glucan, functional ingredients, could be developed as a new product.     

黑皮油松松针精油纳米乳液的制备及稳定性研究

为提高黑皮油松松针精油的水溶性和乳化稳定性,本研究利用旋涡混合仪和微射流仪制备纳米乳液,以分层体积和三元相图中的乳化区面积为指标,确定活性剂的种类及配比(Km)等制备纳米乳液的最优条件,并进一步分析了纳米乳液的结构、粒径、多分散项系数(PDI)及稳定性。结果表明:1)黑皮油松松针精油纳米乳液的最佳配方为精油16.14%、复合表面活性剂10.45%(m(无水乙醇)∶m(Tween 80)=4∶1)和蒸馏水73.41%;2)黑皮油松松针精油纳米乳液有淡蓝色微乳光,液滴呈球形且分布均匀,粒径为35 nm,PDI为0.165;3)稳定性实验研究表明,在室温条件下储存60 d和在pH=7的水相环境中,纳米乳液的平均粒径和PDI无明显变化,表现了较好的储藏稳定性,最佳储藏时间为30 d;热稳定性实验表明,松针精油纳米乳液昙点温度为80 ℃,具有良好的热稳定性;4)抑菌稳定性实验结果显示,与未乳化的精油相比,松针精油纳米乳液具有更强的抑菌活性。本研究制备的黑皮油松松针精油纳米乳液具有较好的水溶性和稳定性,且与精油相比,抑菌能力更强。     

丁香酚纳米乳对鲢鱼麻醉作用研究

将鲢鱼置于不同浓度的丁香酚纳米乳中,研究其对鲢鱼的麻醉效果。结果表明:丁香酚纳米乳对鲢鱼的麻醉作用强,诱导期短;麻醉最适浓度为20 mg/L,丁香酚纳米乳对鲢鱼的EC50为16.6 mg/L,24 h的LC50为176.2mg/L,治疗指数为10.61。因此,丁香酚纳米乳是一种高效、安全的鲢鱼麻醉剂。     

盐酸布替萘芬纳米乳的制备及其质量评价

以盐酸布替萘芬为供试药物,通过绘制伪三元相图筛选处方研制盐酸布替萘芬纳米乳,并对其质量进行了评价.结果表明:该纳米乳为水包油型纳米乳,透射电镜下乳滴呈圆球形,分布均匀无黏连.平均粒径为12.8 nm,多分散系数为0.137,平均zeta电位为(-10.3±0.1)mV.建立的高效液相色谱测定方法显示,在质量浓度30～150 mg/L范围内,盐酸布替萘芬与峰面积呈良好的线性关系(r2=0.999 6),平均回收率为(99.95±0.18)％,RSD为0.18％.该盐酸布替萘芬纳米乳稳定性良好,含量与粒径变化微小.有望提供一种制备工艺简单、质量可控、稳定性良好的抗真菌外用纳米药物应用于宠物临床.     

高效液相色谱法测定复方阿莫西林舒巴坦钠纳米乳含量

[目的]建立了高效液相色谱（HPIC）法测定复方阿莫西林舒巴坦钠纳米乳含量的分析方法。[方法]采用HPLC法测定复方阿莫西林舒巴坦钠纳米乳含量。色谱柱为DiamondC18柱（250mmx4．6mm,5um）。流动相为磷酸盐缓冲液-乙腈-水,检测波长为220nm。[结果]阿莫西林在40～400μg／mL的范围内．线性关系良好（r=0．9990）,回收率为99．9％,RsD为0．52％。舒巴坦钠在20～200μg／mL的范围内．线性关系良好（r=：0．9998）,回收率为99．9％,RSD为0．66％。[结论]该方法为控制复方阿莫西林舒巴坦钠纳米乳质量提供了可靠韵审罟奔新青津