冬种马铃薯免耕栽培种薯消毒方法试验

马铃薯免耕稻草覆盖栽培种薯消毒方法试验结果表明,采用生石灰拌种、克露500倍溶液浸种10min、1000g双飞粉＋20g甲基托布津＋20g多菌灵＋1g新植霉素混合粉剂（自制消毒剂）拌种、50%多菌灵500倍溶液浸种10min、70%百菌清500倍溶液浸种10min和500倍高锰酸钾溶液浸种10min等六种消毒方法,均能取得较好的增产效果,比种薯不经消毒处理直接播种增产45.6%～3.3%;从综合效果看,尤以生石灰拌种、克露浸种和多菌灵浸种处理较好,表现为出苗快、成苗率高、产量高、商品率高。     

一年生禾草喷施增产菌效果试验

对两种一年生禾草喷施增产菌的效果进行了研究。结果表明，叶面喷雾可促进燕麦的生殖生长，籽实提前成熟２￣５ｄ，籽实产量比对照提高２１．７％，纯增收３２５．５０元，产投比为６．１：１．０，高粱鲜草产量比对照提高２９．０％，纯增收５８６．５０元，产投比为１０．１：１．０，拌种＋叶面喷雾对燕麦分蘖有促进作用，可明显提高鲜草产量，纯增收最高可达２５３．５０元，产投比最高可达４．３：１．０。     

常用杀虫剂对新入侵害虫螺旋粉虱的田间药效试验

螺旋粉虱是新入侵中国海南的危性害虫，为迅速压低虫口密度，进而将其逐步扑灭，开展了螺旋粉虱的药剂防治研究；选用2.5%敌杀死乳油、20%吡虫啉可溶性液剂、480g/L乐斯本乳油、1.8%阿维菌素乳油、2.5%功夫水乳剂、20%啶虫脒可溶性液剂等常用杀虫剂，进行了田间药效试验；结果表明：药后1~10d，2.5%敌杀死乳油的防效在94.09%~100%之间，2.5%功夫水乳剂的防效在91.72%~100%之间，20%吡虫啉可溶性液剂的防效在32.24%~70.96%之间，1.8%阿维菌素乳油的防效在-11.54%~21.54%之间；因此，2.5%敌杀死乳油和2.5%功夫水乳剂是防治时可供选用的良好药剂，20%吡虫啉可溶性液剂和1.8%阿维菌素乳油对螺旋粉虱的速效性和持效性均较差，不适用于螺旋粉虱的防治。     

甲苯咪唑及丙硫苯咪唑对大白鼠不同感染期的旋毛虫肌幼虫杀虫效力

试验采用甲苯咪唑、丙硫苯咪唑单独给药及联合给药,以300ppm混入饲料连续饲喂的方式,对105只人工感染旋毛虫的大白鼠,在不同感染期采用长短不同的给药时间。结果表明:不同感染期的旋毛虫肌幼虫以甲苯咪唑(150ppm)与丙硫苯咪唑(150ppm)联合给药疗效最佳,其次为甲苯咪唑。较经济的给药时间为:感染期在40～90天之间,横纹肌感染量为2343条/克,给药10天;感染期在90～165天之间,横纹肌感染量为2080条/克,给药15天,感染165天以上,横纹肌感染量为2080条/克,给药20天。     

Landscape evaluation of female black bear habitat effectiveness and capability in the North Cascades, Washington

We used logistic regression to derive scaled resource selection functions (RSFs) for female black bears at two study areas in the North Cascades Mountains. We tested the hypothesis that the influence of roads would result in potential habitat effectiveness (RSFs without the influence of roads) being greater than realized habitat effectiveness (RSFs with roads). Roads consistently had a negative influence on black bear RSFs across seasons and study areas. Roads reduced habitat effectiveness during all seasons at both study areas and changes in the potential habitat values ranged from 1.7% to 16.9%. The greatest reduction in habitat values occurred during the early-season on the west-side study area due to high open road densities. These results support the hypothesis that roads reduce habitat effectiveness for black bears. The influence of roads could be reduced through road closures to reduce open road densities and limit traffic volumes. We then used the scaled RSFs in a habitat-based population model to assess the influences of timber harvest and roads on potential black bear population sizes. On the west-side study area the potential black bear population size was most influenced by moderate use roads and timber harvest during the early-season (41% reduction). On the east-side study area, low use roads had the greatest effect on potential black bear population during the early-season (10% reduction). During the late-season, in both study areas, roads had less influence on the potential population sizes as bears were able to access habitats away from roads. The habitat-population model provided reasonable estimates of bear densities compared to other study areas with similar habitats and could be extrapolated to estimate potential black bear populations in other areas with similar habitats. This approach may provide a useful link between the landscape ecology and population biology of black bears, and could eventually be useful in the development of habitat-based population viability analyses.     

酵母菌对果蔬采后病害防治的研究进展

该文对酵母菌对果蔬采后病害防治的研究现状进行了综述，其中包括防治效果、防治机理、防治的优势及最新研究成果。许多酵母菌对果蔬采后病害具有明显的抑制作用，酵母菌抑制霉菌的机理主要在于营养与空间的竞争、对病原菌的直接寄生作用及诱导寄主产生抗病性。酵母菌与其它生防微生物相比，具有拮抗效果好、不产生毒素、可以和化学杀菌剂共同使用等优点。使用生物工程技术改造拮抗酵母菌从而提高其生防效果，是酵母菌对果蔬采后生物防治的最新研究领域。该文还指出了酵母菌对果蔬采后生物防治存在的问题，并对未来的研究提出了新的思路。     

Analysis of a multimode transmission line model of the shielding effectiveness of enclosures with apertures

The equivalent transmission line method is extended to multi-transverse electric modes of cavity which are introduced by aperture coupling, and it is used to analyze the shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosures with apertures. The multimode transmission line method is verified by HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator). The results show that higher-order mode is essential to obtain an accurate shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosure on wide frequency domain. Below the frequency of 1 GHz, nearer to the slot, the impact of higher-order mode on the shielding effectiveness is greater in the place mear the slot. Higher-order mode leads to a better shielding effectiveness.     

Using auction mechanisms to reveal costs for water quality improvements in Great Barrier Reef catchments in Australia

There is increasing interest in the use of market-based instruments such as tenders and trading systems to address water quality issues. While the focus is typically on the improvements in resource allocation that are generated, these instruments also play an important role in addressing issues of asymmetric information. The use of water quality tenders to reveal the opportunity costs of changing agricultural practices can help policy makers to understand the potential costs of misallocating public resources and to design better ways of achieving water quality improvements. This role of water quality tenders to reveal opportunity costs is demonstrated by reporting four pilot applications to improve water quality into the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. The results demonstrate the potential for opportunity costs to vary substantially between agricultural producers, and across industries, catchments and pollutants. The results from these case studies indicate that the most cost-effective water quality improvements may be generated from the horticulture and dairy sectors. In contrast, the opportunity costs of reducing emissions from the cane and grazing industries appear to be higher.     

空心菜对入星云湖河水的净化及其生物产出分析

为充分开发利用入星云湖河水的N、P等营养资源,降低其富营养化水平,改善和保护星云湖生态系统,于2010—2013年采用微区试验与大区试验相结合、静态试验与动态试验相结合的方法,研究了漂浮空心菜(Ipomoea aquatica)对入星云湖河水净化及其生物产出的规律。结果表明:漂浮空心菜对入湖河水具有较好的水质净化效应,静态条件下空心菜对入湖河水全N、水溶性P的去除率高达90%以上,动态条件下则达50%左右,空心菜吸收入湖河水N、P、K的量分别平均为348.4、50.9、530.4 kg·hm-2·a-1,且其绝大部分被空心菜的茎叶吸收(占93.0%,为864.5 kg·hm-2·a-1)。空心菜对入湖河水的净化量,以水溶性N计平均为27 321 m3·hm-2·a-1,以水溶性P计平均为67 569 m3·hm-2·a-1;空心菜的生长主要依赖入湖河水中N、P等营养物质(两者呈正相关),通过茎叶大量吸收并同化入湖河水中的N、P等养分后,空心菜获得了较高的茎叶生物产出量(占90.9%,鲜重量平均为112 032.0 kg·hm-2·a-1)。利用入星云湖河水漂浮种植空心菜,产生了明显的生态效益和经济效益。     

应用计算机推荐烤烟施肥方案的研究

在辽宁省有代表性的烤烟产区，经过7年的田间试验，得出了在不同肥力水平土壤条件下的烤烟适宜肥料用量范围、肥料效应模型和适宜的施肥方法。应用Viaual Basic高级程序设计语言建立了计算机推荐施肥应用系统。应用系统可根据对不同土壤区域的土壤有效养分含量与施肥量的定量分析对肥料施用数学模型进行数据优化并给出最佳施肥方案，用于烤烟种植推荐施肥与咨询服务，对进一步提高烤烟质量和产量将起到一定的作用。