Effects of Iron Deficiency on Thylakoid Membrane Structure and Composition in the Alga Dunaliella salina

Abstract

The unicellular green alga Dunaliella was previously proposed as a model photosynthetic organism for adaptation to iron deficiency. The purpose of this study was to find out how iron limitation affects the structure and composition of the photosynthetic system of Dunaliella salina. Iron deprivation did not retard proliferation of D. salina cells, but was associated with a decrease in cell volume and chlorophyll content, and with a four‐fold reduction in iron content and a two‐fold increase in Cu content. Electron microscopic analysis revealed shrinkage of the chloroplast and decrease in stacked thylakoid membranes. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence induction in the presence of DCMU and of 77 K chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra indicated gross changes in the photosynthetic efficiency of reaction centers and in the organization of their associated light harvesting antenna. Differential analysis of protein composition led to the identification of a major thylakoid membrane protein (Tidi), that was specifically induced under iron deprivation. Partial sequencing suggests that Tidi is a novel type of a chlorophyll a/b binding protein. These results clearly show that iron limitation is associated with extensive reorganization of the photosynthetic system in Dunaliella.     

川西北高寒沙区引进桑树种试验初探

川西北地区沙化土地的急剧扩张已成为国内外关注的重大环境问题,该区域沙化治理存在植物材料单一的问题。本文从成活率、生长情况以及光合特性几个方面分析了4个桑树种在川西北高寒沙区的适应情况,结果表明4个桑树种基本能适应川西北高寒区的立地条件。     

Effects of Soil Temperature on Growth and Root Function in Rice

Abstract

The objective of this study was to clarify the effects of soil temperature in the stage from late tillering to panicle initiation (SI) and during the grain-filling stage (SII) on grain setting, dry matter production, photosynthesis, non-structural carbohydrate (NSC), xylem exudation and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari). Rice plants were exposed to four different soil temperatures during SI or SII: 17.5, 25, 31.5 and 36.5°C (ST18, ST25, ST32 and ST37, respectively). The yield, yield components, grain filling and quality in SI were negatively influenced by high soil temperature of 37°C. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in those characters among temperature treatments in SII. The root/shoot ratio was smallest in the ST37 plants in both SI and SII, mainly due to their lighter root weight. At 7 days after initiation of treatment (DAT) in both SI and SII, the photosynthetic and xylem exudation rate tended to increase slightly as soil temperature increased up to 32°C. At 21 DAT, however, the photosynthetic rate was lowest in ST37, with concurrent decrease of diffusion conductance and SPAD value. In addition, decrease of NSC concentration in stem and xylem exudation rate, and increase of ABA level in leaves and xylem exudate were observed in ST37 plants at 21 DAT. These results suggested that high soil temperature before heading especially influenced yield, grain quality and plant growth. Possible mechanisms of the effect of soil temperature are discussed.     

增施有机肥和微生物菌剂对春季杨凌设施番茄产量和品质的影响

为探究增施有机肥和微生物菌剂对春季设施栽培番茄光合作用、产量、品质及土壤肥料利用率的影响,以‘巴宝丽’番茄品种为试材,共设5个处理(不施肥,CK;施有机肥,T1;有机肥+复合肥,T2;增施30%有机肥+复合肥,T3;增施30%有机肥+复合肥+微生物菌剂,T4),分析不同处理对番茄植株光合、产量、品质及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,与有机肥+复合肥处理相比,增施30%有机肥+复合肥处理使番茄增产21.69%,且显著提高番茄果实的可溶性蛋白和维生素C质量分数,土壤氮、磷和钾肥利用效率分别增加17.12%、11.82%和50.57%;增施30%有机肥+复合肥+微生物菌剂使番茄增产29.03%,果实可溶性总糖、维生素C、还原糖质量分数分别提高62.50%、21.30%和97.31%,土壤氮、磷和钾肥利用效率分别增加24.56%、18.73%和63.12%。研究认为增施有机肥(30%)和微生物菌剂可以增强土壤肥料利用率,促进番茄光合作用及干物质积累,最终提高果实产量和品质,建议在杨凌地区春季设施番茄的生产中使用。     

烟田微生态环境对烤烟光合作用影响研究进展

烟株的生长发育和产量及品质的形成最终决定于个体和群体的光合作用。该文综述了近年来烟田微生态环境因子对烤烟光合作用影响的研究进展,包括烤烟光合作用特点、各类烟田微生态环境因子及其对烤烟光合作用的具体影响等,以期为提高烟叶质量提供参考。     

菌根化五唇兰组培苗的光合生理特性

为探索兰花内生真菌在兰科植物生长发育中的效用,以野生五唇兰中分离并初步筛选的内生菌根真菌为接菌剂,对五唇兰无菌组培苗进行菌根化苗盆栽试验,试验采用液体培养的菌液进行根部喷施,待菌根化苗生长18个月后测定其成活率及光合生理等指标。结果表明:接菌明显提高了五唇兰幼苗成活率,促进了光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cond)、蒸腾速率(Tr)及叶绿素含量和叶面积的增加,并降低了胞间CO2浓度(Ci),以接dmf-49菌处理效果最明显,但五唇兰光合速率不高,在1.50μmol·m-2·s-1以下。表明从野生五唇兰中分离并初步筛选的有效内生真菌能提高其菌根化苗的光合能力,提高植株的生活力。     

叶面施肥对花生光合作用和植物激素的影响

在花生苗期、花针期和荚果期分别进行叶面施肥,结果发现在花针期喷施过磷酸钙和硼酸可以明显提高植株的光合指标,从而提高花生的光合效率。同时,对花针期花生体内的植物激素含量变化研究发现,在该时期叶面喷施过磷酸钙和硼酸可以在很大程度上提高植株的玉米素和生长素含量,从而促进该时期花生的生长发育。     

缺硼对黄瓜幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

[目的】研究缺硼对黄瓜幼苗光合生理生化的影响。【方法]采用沙培法,以川绿1号为供试品种,研究缺硼对黄瓜幼苗的叶面积、光合速率、Rubisco酶活性、碳水化合物含量的影响。【结果]缺硼处理抑制了黄瓜幼苗的根、茎叶生物量的增加,增加了冠根比,减小了叶面积;在缺硼条件下,黄瓜幼苗叶片中的淀粉、可溶性糖、还原糖和总碳水化合物的含量增加,蔗糖含量降低;净光合速率明显降低,Rubiso酶活性和叶绿素a、b含量明显减少,而叶绿素a／b变化不明显。【结论】缺硼通过增加叶片中的碳水化合物,降低Rubisco酶活性,减少光合色素,进而降低光合速率来抑制黄瓜幼苗生长。     

水田土壤养分对泥鳅扰动的响应

[目的]研究水田土壤养分对泥鳅扰动的响应。[方法]通过野外定期取样,采用常规理化方法测定在养鱼水田和对照水田中土壤有机质、氮素、磷素、钾素的含量。[结果]养鱼水田土壤有机质含量、土壤速效氮含量、土壤速效磷含量在0.05水平显著高于对照水田。养鱼水田土壤全氮含量、土壤全磷含量、土壤全钾含量和土壤速效钾含量与对照水田间不存在差异。[结论]底栖鱼类泥鳅改善了水田土壤养分状况,尤其提高了土壤有机质、土壤速效氮和土壤速效磷的含量。     

自然强光对阴生植物虎耳草光合特性的影响

采用LI-6400光合测定仪对阴棚内和自然光强下的虎耳草叶片光合特性进行了比较,同时测定了叶绿素的含量。研究发现,阳光下的虎耳草光合速率显著降低,主要受光量子密度的影响;阳光下的叶片总叶绿素含量降低明显,类胡萝卜素却明显升高。