Effect of Iron Deficiency on Gas Exchange and Catalase and Peroxidase Activity in Citrus

Abstract

The effects of iron (Fe) deficiency on catalase and peroxidase activity, net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (g _s ), plant water relations, and specific leaf weight, were studied under greenhouse conditions in two sweet orange (C. sinensis) cultivars grafted on sour orange (Citrus aurantium) and Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata). Iron deficiency caused by the absence of Fe in the Hoagland nutrient solution reduced significantly catalase and peroxidase activity, photosynthesis (Pn), osmotic potential (Ψ _π ), turgor potential (Ψ _p ), and specific leaf weight, but did not influence g _s and leaf water potential (Ψ _L ). Iron deficiency caused by increasing concentrations of bicarbonate supplied as NaHCO₃ (10 and 40 mM) in the nutrient solution reduced significantly g _s , Pn, and Ψ _p and increased Ψ _L and Ψ _π . Furthermore, remarkable differences were recorded between the various cultivars/rootstocks combinations.     

UV-B增强下施硅对大麦抽穗期光合和蒸腾生理日变化的影响

通过大田模拟试验,研究UV-B增强下施硅对大麦抽穗期叶片净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间二氧化碳浓度（Ci）和水分利用效率（WUE）日变化的影响。UV-B辐射设2个水平即自然光（对照,A,1.5kJ·m-2）和UV-B增强（E,增强20%,1.8kJ·m-2）,施硅量设2个水平即Si0（不施硅）和Si1（150kg·hm-2SiO2）。结果表明,不施硅情况下（Si0）,UV-B增强处理的Pn、Tr、Gs和WUE的日平均值比自然光（A）处理分别下降23.13%、7.66%、1.07%和16.38%,而施硅情况下（Si1）则分别下降10.52%、5.71%、3.77%和12.15%,说明UV-B增强可降低大麦叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率,而施硅可缓解UV-B增强对大麦净光合速率的抑制作用,但并不能缓解UV-B增强对大麦蒸腾作用以及气孔导度的抑制。研究结果对进一步研究UV-B增强下施硅对大麦产量和品质的影响具有积极意义。     

16个柑桔品种的光合特性

试验研究了 16个柑桔品种的光合速率、光饱和点、光补偿点及光合速率的日变化规律。结果表明 ,供试的 16个柑桔品种的光合速率、光饱和点和光补偿点存在差异 ,其大小顺序为 :清见橘橙 >清家脐橙 >红肉脐橙 >丰脐 >姊良 3号脐橙>德尔塔夏橙 >卡特 >大三岛脐橙 >纽荷尔脐橙 >梦脐橙 >白柳脐橙 >红夏橙 >铃木脐橙 >福罗斯特脐橙 >Fallago橘>朋娜脐橙。大三岛脐橙、红夏橙的光饱和点最高 ,红肉脐橙、姊良 3号脐橙、梦脐橙、朋娜脐橙、白柳脐橙、德尔塔夏橙、卡特夏橙、清见橘橙、福罗斯特脐橙次之 ,纽荷尔脐橙、丰脐、铃木脐橙、Fallago橘较低 ;16个柑桔品种光补偿点在 8.4～6 6 .5μmol m- 2 s- 1 之间 ,福罗斯特脐橙的光补偿点最高 ,姊良 3号脐橙、朋娜脐橙、大三岛脐橙、德尔塔夏橙次之 ,其它柑桔品种光补偿点较低。供试柑桔品种在晴天光合速率的日变化均呈双峰曲线 ,中午有明显的“午休”现象。     

甜柿不同类型树体叶片光合、光照的研究

以成年新次郎树为试材,进行了甜柿树体的光合、光照研究。结果表明,丰产稳产树较低产树和变产树在光合、光照方面有以下特点:树冠叶幕外层叶面积较大;叶幕中层光照状况较好;叶幕中层叶片净光合速率较高,在所有测定时期整株净光合速率均较高。     

大豆和玉米光合速率、光能利用率对光强响应特征的差异性分析

用Michaelis-Menten方程和Dagneli方程对东北地区大豆和玉米各个生育时期光合速率、光能利用率对光强的响应特征进行了模拟研究。结果表明,两种方程均能很好地描述大豆和玉米叶片光合速率对光强的响应特征,两种方程的模拟效果是一致的,但两种方程得到的参数存在极显著差异,用Michaelis-Menten方程模拟得到的表观初始量子效率、表观最大光合速率、表观暗呼吸速率极显著大于用Dagneli方程得到的参数。但用Dagneli方程模拟得到的表观最大光合速率更接近实际,而用Michaelis-Menten方程得到的表观暗呼吸速率更接近实际。但无论用哪种方程模拟,在各个生育时期玉米的表观初始量子效率、表观最大光合速率和光能利用率均极显著高于大豆。光能利用率随着光强的增大先增大而后降低,当光强在0￣2000μmol/(m2·s)之间时,大豆的平均光能利用率为0.0185mol/mol,玉米为0.0281mol/mol。光能利用率在各个生育期有一定的变异,大豆和玉米均表现出在生育前期相对较低,中期升高,后期又降低的规律。在整个生育期,玉米的光能利用率约为大豆的1.6倍。     

两种原始兰科植物生理生态特征的比较

金佛山兰 (Tangtsiniananchuanica)为国家二级保护植物 ,野外个体数量极稀少 ,仅见于重庆南川金佛山及附近的稀疏马尾松林下 ,并且仅与其亲源种金兰 (Cephalantherafalcata)生长在一起。对比研究了生长在温室内的金佛山兰和金兰的多项生理生态指标。结果表明 ,金佛山兰与金兰只在气孔导度、水分利用率及胞间CO2 浓度方面有显著差异。金佛山兰的净光合速率、暗呼吸速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2 浓度、光补偿点、光饱和点、光能利用率和水分利用率分别为 6.1 6(± 0 .4) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .47(± 0 .0 4) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、2 .7(±0 .2 )mmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .1 1 4(± 0 .0 2 )mol·m- 2 s- 1 、2 0 6(± 2 9) μmol·mol- 1 、1 0 μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、2 0 0μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、9.6(± 0 .9) %、3 1 (± 0 2 )mmolCO2 ·mol- 1 H2 O ;金兰的各项值分别为 5 .8(±1 .1 ) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .45 (± 0 .0 6) μmol·m- 2 s- 1 、2 .6(± 0 .3 )mmol·m- 2 s- 1 、0 .1 0 1 (± 0 .0 3 )mol·m- 2 s- 1 、1 73 (± 5 1 ) μmol·mol- 1 、1 0 μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、2 0 0 μmolphotons·m- 2 s- 1 、9.1 (± 1 .1 ) %、2 .7(± 0 .7)mmolCO2 ·mol- 1 H2 O。在温室内晴     

Effects of Waterlogging on Photosynthesis and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities of Six Barley Genotypes with Different Waterlogging Tolerance

A field experiment was carried out to study genotypic difference in the effect of waterlogging on photosynthesis, chlorophyll content and antioxidative enzyme activities in barley. Waterlogging caused a rapid decline in net photosynthetic rate (Ph) and stomatal conductance (gs), and little change in chlorophyll content during early days of the treatment. A dramatic increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) in waterlogged plants in the early days of the experiment was found, indicating the occurrence of oxidative stress in barley plants exposed to waterlogging. There was a highly significant difference in the changed extent of all these parameters among genotypes.Franklin and Yongjiahong Liuleng Damai, which were relatively sensitive to waterlogging in terms of growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, accumulated much more MDA than the other two relatively tolerant genotypes (93-3143 and QS).After removal of waterlogging, the genotypic difference became much greater in recovering of these examined parameters.Yongjiahong Liuleng Damai showed higher recovery, while Franklin only recovered to 50% of the control at the 14 day after waterlogging removal. It may be concluded that it is the difference in anti-oxidative stress caused by waterlogging that account for the major difference in photosynthesis among barley genotypes.     

柑桔越冬后叶片的光合动态

试验用便携式 CO_2红外分析仪对杭州地区温州蜜柑越冬后叶片光合动态进行了测定.结果表明越冬后叶片的净光合速率总趋势是上升,即有越冬后叶片的光合恢复现象.净光合以秋叶最大,夏叶次之,春叶最低.净光合和气温的变化动态有着明显的关系.在越冬后叶片的光合恢复过程中,叶片叶绿素含量提高,表观量子产量上升,而羧化效率几乎不变,表明越冬后叶片光合潜力的恢复主要取决于叶片对光能利用的改善.