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21.
V. Vorne K. Ojanper L. De Temmerman M. Bindi P. Hgy M. B. Jones T. Lawson K. Persson 《European Journal of Agronomy》2002,17(4):369-381
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L cv. Bintje) was exposed to ambient and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), to ambient and elevated ozone (O3) and to elevated levels of both gases during two growing seasons, 1998 and 1999. Experiments in open-top chambers (OTC) were carried out in Finland, Sweden, Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany and Belgium and a FACE (Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment) experiment was carried out in Italy. In OTCs the plants were grown under ambient CO2 concentrations or with 550 and 680 μl l−1 CO2 alone or in combination with ambient or elevated O3 concentrations (target seasonal mean of 60 nl l−1 8 h per day). In the FACE systems the plants were exposed to ambient or 550 μl l−1 CO2. In the OTC experiments the reducing sugar content of potato tubers decreased significantly with increased concentration of O3. The starch content of potato tubers decreased, with negative impact on tuber quality, but the ascorbic acid concentration increased as a function of the AOT40 (The sum of the differences between hourly ozone concentration and 40 nl l−1 for each hour when the concentration exceeds 40 nl l−1 during a relevant growing season). However, simultaneous exposure to elevated CO2 counteracted the ozone effect. With increase in the CO2 exposure, glycoalkaloid and nitrate concentrations decreased yielding improved quality, while the citric acid concentration decreased causing a higher risk for discoloration after cooking. The amount of dry matter and starch increased significantly in the FACE experiment. 相似文献
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23.
杂交水稻主要亲本材料的垩白性状及其胚乳结构电镜扫描 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
【研究目的】针对杂交稻米品质问题,研究杂交稻亲本垩白形成与胚乳细胞形态结构和发育以及与淀粉粒之间的关系,为进一步研究杂交稻米高垩白形成机理奠定基础;【方法】对几个应用面积较大的杂交稻主要亲本和两个米质对照品种,按GB/T17891-1999方法调查其垩白性状,对其米粒胚乳结构和淀粉粒的采用扫描电镜观察分析;【结果】亲本材料间垩白性状差异首先表现在垩白率上,其次为垩白度,最后为垩白面积。高垩白的保持系和桂朝2号垩白主要发生在中、腹部,而相对低垩白的恢复系主要在中部,腹白少或无。垩白度与垩白率间存在明显的线性关系,与垩白面积无明显相关性。淀粉粒在米粒横断面上分布的均匀性与垩白率和垩白度有较大的相关性,分布越均匀则垩白率和垩白度越小;而长方柱状细胞层数和多少与垩白率和垩白度有一定的相关性但不明显。5个恢复系和3个保持系垩白米粒的背部淀粉粒普遍发育良好而中部较差;保持系与恢复系的差异主要表现在腹部淀粉粒的发育形态上。【结论】杂交稻保持系与恢复系的垩白发生部位有所差异,垩白形成与其淀粉粒的分布有重要关系;中、腹部淀粉粒发育异常容易产生垩白,主要受胚乳细胞生理发育规律的影响。 相似文献
24.
水稻灌浆期籽粒中3个与淀粉合成有关的酶活性变化 总被引:72,自引:14,他引:72
在水培和盆栽条件下,研究了6个水稻品种(含籼/粳杂交组合、新株型品系)灌浆期强、弱势粒中ADPG焦磷酸酶(EC2.7.7.21)、淀粉合成酶(EC2.4.1.21)和淀粉分枝酶或Q-酶(EC2.4.1.18)的活性变化及其与灌浆充实的关系。3个酶的活性变化与籽粒灌浆动态相关联:淀粉酶最高活性出现的时间稍前或同步于最大灌浆速率的时间;ADPG焦磷酸酶 相似文献
25.
日粮淀粉来源对生长猪门静脉养分及能量净吸收的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为研究不同淀粉来源对生长猪门静脉养分及能量净吸收量的影响,试验选择杜×长×大三元杂种公猪4头,在门静脉、肠系膜静脉和颈动脉安装插管,进行4×4拉丁方试验.结果表明,试验猪每采食100 g日粮8 h后门静脉净吸收的葡萄糖和氨基酸总量以玉米组最高,分别为27.52和8.89 g,显著高于抗性淀粉组(P<0.05).抗性淀粉、玉米、糙米和糯米组的门静脉总吸收能量分别为676.61、883.32、806.16和812.43 J,其中以玉米组最高,抗性淀粉组显著低于其他各组(P<0.05).在门静脉总吸收的能量中,抗性淀粉组以葡萄糖形式吸收的能量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05);而以VFA形式吸收的能量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);4种日粮均为以乳酸形式吸收的能量较低,占吸收总能量的3.22%~5.41%.玉米组门静脉总吸收的能量占摄入总能和消化能的比值分别为51.59%和55.55%,显著高于抗性淀粉组(P<0.05).由试验结果得出,不同淀粉来源在猪消化道中吸收的形式存在差异,而且提供能量的效率也不相同,主要以葡萄糖形式供能的淀粉源,能量利用效率较高;而主要以VFA或乳酸形式供能的淀粉源,能量利用效率较低. 相似文献
26.
Opaque endosperm is the main phenotypic indicator for waxy rice, but other phenotypic and genotypic variation among waxy rice
accessions has largely been ignored. Previous studies showed that wide diversity in starch physiochemical properties exists
in both indica and japonica waxy rices, especially for starch gelatinization temperature (GT) which could be divided into a high- and a low-GT group.
In the present study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers
were employed to examine genetic diversity and relationships of 56 waxy rice accessions. A total of 358 AFLP fragments were
amplified with five primer combinations, showing a high level of polymorphism (78.3%). A total of 190 ISSR bands were generated
with a single primer and a primer pair, showing a very high level of polymorphism (92.2%). The genetic distance matrices obtained
from the two sets of markers were significantly correlated (r = 0.731, P = 0.004). The dendrogram generated with combined AFLP and ISSR markers could clearly differentiate the indica and japonica groups. Newly released varieties and breeding lines within each subspecies tended to be clustered together, whereas landraces
were more distantly placed in the dendrogram. Only one AFLP band was found specific to the indica type, while no specific bands were found for starch GT. The implications for the conservation and breeding of waxy rice are
discussed. 相似文献
27.
In this study the starch digestion rates in broiler chickens from 18 samples of 5 commonly used feed grains (sorghum, wheat, maize, barley, triticale) were determined. The methodology to determine starch digestion rates in poultry is detailed herein. Starch digestion rates were not significantly different (P = 0.128) across the 18 feed grains, which reflects the wide variations that were observed within a given feedstuff. Nevertheless, starch digestion rates in broiler chickens offered wheat-based diets were significantly more rapid by 56.0% (0.117 versus 0.075 min−1; P = 0.012) than their sorghum-based counterparts on the basis of a pair-wise comparison. In descending order, the following starch digestion rates were observed: wheat (0.117 min−1), barley (0.104 min−1), triticale (0.093 min−1), maize (0.086 min−1), sorghum (0.075 min−1). The implications of these findings are discussed as they almost certainly have implications for poultry nutrition and the development of reduced crude protein diets for broiler chickens. 相似文献
28.
29.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):178-183
AbstractLeaf sheaths of rice plants are known to temporarily accumulate starch prior to heading, which is subsequently remobilized and transported into the panicle after heading. We investigated the time course for both carbohydrate content and steady state mRNA levels of enzymes related to starch and sucrose metabolism in the rice leaf sheath (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare). Leaf sheaths from the second leaf below the flag leaf accumulated high levels of starch before heading but they rapidly decreased after heading. In contrast, the flag leaf sheath did not accumulate as much starch. In the second leaf sheath, the mRNA levels of enzymes involved in starch synthesis, ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2. 7. 7. 27), soluble starch synthase (EC 2. 4. 1.21) and branching enzyme (EC 2. 4. 1. 18) were high before heading, which coincided with rapid accumulation of starch. The mRNA levels of sucrose synthesis enzymes, cytosolic FBPase (EC 3. 1. 3. 11) and sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2. 4. 1. 14), and the sucrose transporter (OsSUTI) increased at the time of heading, which was largely coincident with a decrease in the mRNA levels of starch synthesis enzymes. In the flag leaf sheaths, changes in mRNA levels of starch synthesis enzymes were not pronounced, however mRNA levels of sucrose synthesis enzymes and the sucrose transporter showed a clear increase throughout the heading period. The different characteristics observed between the two leaf sheaths will be discussed in relation to the sink to source transition. 相似文献
30.
介绍MCGS工控组态软件的系统结构和功能,并结合宁夏南部山区马铃薯淀粉生产废水处理工艺,构建了其上位机监控系统,扩展了MCGS的应用领域。 相似文献