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21.
生长猪对菜粕和豆粕中磷真消化率的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
选用6头健康大白×长白阉公猪为消化试验动物,采用6×6拉丁方设计,设6个磷水平(0.11%,0.22%,0.33%,0.44%,0.55%,0.53%),以豆粕、葡萄糖、玉米淀粉等为基础,以菜粕为待测植物性饲料,配制半纯合试验饲粮,其中菜粕和豆粕为磷唯一来源。日粮中添加0.35%Cr2O3作为外源指示剂。分6个试验期(每期8 d,6 d适应期,2d收粪期),测定了生长猪内源磷排泄量及菜粕和豆粕磷的真消化率。结果表明:生长猪内源磷的排泄量为0.210 8g/kg DMI,菜粕、豆粕及6个半纯合饲粮中磷表观消化率分别为-0.30%,25.77%,7.25%,16.29%,16.54%,23.62%,15.04%,28.97%,而其真消化率分别为10.21%,32.94%,26.22%,23.62%,22.95%,23.57%,22.81%,32.94%。说明饲料磷真消化率更能反映动物对饲料磷消化吸收的真实情况,具有相对较好的重演性。 相似文献
22.
Effect of different drip irrigation methods and fertilization on growth,physiology and water use of young apple tree 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three drip irrigation methods (i.e. conventional drip irrigation (CDI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated with full watering, alternate drip irrigation (ADI), both sides of the root-zone irrigated alternatively with half of the full watering, and fixed drip irrigation (FDI), only one side of the root-zone irrigated with half of the full watering) on growth, physiology, root hydraulic conductance and water use of young apple tree under different nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) fertilization (i.e. CK (no fertilization), N1 (0.2 g N/kg), N2 (0.4 g N/kg), P1 (0.2 g P2O5/kg) and P2 (0.4 g P2O5/kg)). Results show that compared to CDI, ADI and FDI reduced mean root dry mass, daily transpiration, root hydraulic conductance (Kr), leaf photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of young apple tree by 6.9 and 27.7, 29.3 and 45.0, 6.8 and 37.9, 2.5 and 4.8, 32.6 and 33.0, 22.1 and 22.3%, but increased leaf water use efficiency (WUE) by 31.3 and 29.8%, respectively when they saved irrigation water by 50%. Compared to the CK, N or P fertilization significantly increased Kr, and Kr was increased with the increased N or P fertilization level. There were parabolic correlations between Kr and root dry mass, daily transpiration and stomatal conductance. Our results indicate that ADI reduced transpiration rate significantly, but it did not reduce photosynthesis rate and Kr significantly, thus alternate drip irrigation improved WUE and the regulation ability of water balance in plants. 相似文献
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The effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) rates, P source, and method of P application were tested on growth and nutrition of four clones of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray×P. deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh or P. trichocarpa×P. maximowiczii A. Henry) in a plantation on Vancouver Island. Treatments were applied shortly after planting. Nitrogen (0, 500kgNha–1) was supplied as ammonium sulfate (AS); half of the AS was added at the start of the second growing season. Phosphorus (0, 100, 200kgPha–1) was supplied as triple super phosphate (TSP), rock phosphate (RP), or diammonium phosphate (DAP) and banded or broadcast. Over four growing seasons, stem volumes increased with AS and P additions. The effects of AS and P each were greatest when the other was also added. Volume was greater when P was applied at 100kgha–1 than in the P control and did not significantly increase further at 200kgPha–1. Phosphorus additions were more effective when added as TSP or DAP than when added as RP, but only in P100 and when banded. Banding increased volume when P was applied at 200kgha–1, but increases were significant only for DAP fertilized trees. Roto-tilling associated with the banding treatment also increased volume when AS and P were not added. Rankings of clones with respect to stem volume varied with N supply and changed over time. 相似文献
25.
马尾松种源对磷肥的遗传反应及根际土壤营养差异 总被引:24,自引:3,他引:24
利用5a生马尾松种源与磷肥互作试验林,研究不同种源对磷肥的遗传反应式样以及在低(缺)磷环境下的根际营养差异。结果发现,广东高州和广西岑溪两种源对磷肥的反应显著,属于对磷肥敏感型种源。广东信宜和福建武平两种源对磷肥反应不敏感,属于耐低磷型或对磷肥不敏感型种源,而江西崇义种源显著的磷肥效应仅在造林后头2~3年显示。对于根际土的的化学性质,不同种源虽有较大差异,但根际土的有机质、全氮、水解氮和有效磷含量一般显著高于非根际土。不同种源根际对土壤中的磷都具有活化作用和富集作用,尤其是广东信宜和福建武平两种源对土壤磷的活化和富集作用最为强烈,这可初步解释这两个种源对磷肥不敏感、能适应低(缺)磷胁迫的遗传机制。马尾松不同种源根际土壤并未发生明显的酸化。 相似文献
26.
Managed short-duration fallows may have the potential to replace longer fallows in regions where population density no longer
permits slow natural fallow successions. The purpose of fallows is not only to improve subsequent crop performance but also
to restore soil fertility and organic matter content for the long term. We therefore evaluated the soil organic matter and
nutrient flows and fractions in a short fallow experiment managed in the western Kenya highlands, and also compared the experimental
area with a 9–12-yr-oldadjacent natural bush fallow. The factorial agroforestry field experiment with four land-use and two
P fertilizer treatments on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox showed that 31-wk managed fallows with Tithonia diversifolia(Hemsley) A. Gray and Crotalaria grahamiana Wight &Arn. improved soil fertility and organic matter content above those of a natural weed fallow and continuous maize
(Zea mays L.). Post-fallow maize yields were also improved, although cumulative three-season increases in yield were small (0–1.2 Mg
ha−1) when the yield foregone during the fallow season was accounted for. Improvements in yield and soil quality could be traced
to quantity or quality of biomass recycled by the managed fallows. The non-woody recycled biomass produced by the continuous
maize, weed fallow, and tithonia treatments was near 2Mg ha−1, whereas crotalaria produced three times more recyclable biomass and associated N and P. Increases in topsoil N due to the
fallows may have been attributable in part to deep acquisition and recycling of N by the fallows. Particulate macro-organic
matter produced by the fallows contained sufficient N(30–50 kg ha−1) to contribute substantially to maize production. Organic Paccumulation (29 kg ha−1) similarly may play a significant role in crop nutrition upon subsequent mineralization. The effect of the P fertilizer application
on soil properties and maize yield was constant for all land-use systems (i.e., no land-use system × P fertilizer interactions
occurred). There was an indication that tithonia may have stimulated infestation of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth., and care must be taken to evaluate the full effects of managed fallows over several seasons.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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28.
Fertilization of drained peatland forests with easily soluble or slow-release apatite fertilizers can increase phosphorus (P) export to water courses, especially when the soil is low in aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) hydroxides and oxides. Application of Al and Fe together with P increases P adsorption to the soil and decreases the risk of leaching. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of recycled iron phosphate (rFePO4) as forest fertilizer raw material from environmental and forest production perspectives. Trial fertilizers with different mixtures of rFePO4 and Russian Kola apatite (Kap) were applied on 15 mini-catchments (area 100 m2), where the discharge at the outlet was collected, sampled and analyzed throughout the about 4-year measurement period. The foliage P content and height growth of the trees on the mini-catchments were measured. The biomass growth of the extramatrical mycorrhizal mycelia (EMM) was studied with a separate in-growth mesh bag experiment conducted on the same site. The results indicated no increase in phosphorus export to surface waters after application of rFePO4 and 25/75 and 50/50 mixtures of rFePO4 and Kap. In contrast to earlier studies showing a relatively high P export with different types of apatite fertilizers, the Kap fertilizer showed only minor phosphorus export. The height growth measurements and needle analyses of the juvenile Scots pine stands indicated poor P availability from pure rFePO4, but the P availability from the 50/50 and 25/75 mixtures of rFePO4 and Kap was similar to pure Kap. The mixtures of Kap and rFePO4 enhanced the EMM biomass by 2- to 3-fold, whereas Kap and rFePO4 alone, and high P availability (superphosphate) had no significant effect compared to non-P controls. The increase in EMM biomass as induced by concurrent application of Kap and rFePO4 was not clearly reflected in tree growth and P acquisition. However, longer follow-up studies than in this one may be needed in order to verify the effect of increased EMM biomass on mycorrhizal mycelia mediated nutrient uptake and tree growth. 相似文献
29.
磷、镉交互作用对烟草生长及吸收积累磷、镉的影响 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
采用盆栽实验研究石灰性土壤中磷、镉交互作用对烟草生长的影响,结果表明,磷的添加可减轻镉对烟草的危害。随着向土壤中添加磷浓度的增加,烟草生物量呈增加趋势。而当磷浓度为150mg kg-1时烟草生物量显著增加,地上部分变化比地下部分明显;而烟草中镉的含量呈先下降再增加的趋势。当镉浓度相同条件下,随着向土壤中添加磷浓度的增加,烟草中的镉含量呈现先下降再增加的趋势,高浓度镉尤为明显,在镉浓度为40mg kg-1时最为明显。研究还发现,同一磷浓度下,随着镉浓度的增加植株中磷含量呈逐渐下降趋势,此外,植株中镉含量、磷与土壤环境中磷、镉含量浓度呈显著正相关。 相似文献
30.