Molecular Analysis of Local Potato Cultivars from Tenerife Island Using Microsatellite Markers

We have used 19 SSR markers to fingerprint 41 local potato cultivars from 10 locations of Tenerife Island. These varieties represent relicts of the early introductions originating from South America and have been characterised previously morphologically and ecophysiologically. The SSR primers generated a varying degree of polymorphisms. A total of 67 alleles were observed, 12 of them were present in all cultivars. Several accession and group specific alleles were detected. Similarity coefficients were computed from the molecular data and cluster analyses were performed. Generally, cultivar groups with identical or related common names showed the same SSR patterns or clustered closely together. According to the molecular patterns misleading or confounded names were evident for four accessions. The dendrogram clusters were generally in good agreement with previous classifications of the accessions as Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena, S. tuberosum subsp. tuberosum and Solanum chaucha genotypes. However in four cases the molecular patterns showed discrepancies with previous species assignments suggesting the need for a more detailed and comparative study of these accessions.     

怀山药种质资源的玻璃化法超低温保存

本文对怀山药种质资源的玻璃化法超低温保存技术进行了研究。结果表明,怀山药带芽茎段玻璃化法超低温保存较佳的技术体系是继代生长60 d的怀山药无菌苗置4℃冰箱低温锻炼7 d;在无菌条件下切取1~1.5 cm的带芽茎段,转至含5%蔗糖+3%甘露糖的培养基内,置4℃冰箱预培养2 d;用60%的PVS₁（22%甘油+13%乙二醇+13%聚乙二醇+10%二甲基亚砜）在室温下处理60 min,再用100%的PVS1在0℃条件下处理60 min,随即迅速投入液氮;保存24 h后,在37℃水浴中快速化冻,用含5%蔗糖的MS培养液洗涤4次,每次停留10 min;转至再生培养基（MS+KT 2 mg/L+NAA 0.02 mg/L）再培养,成活率可达77.14%,再生苗与常温苗形态指标差异不大。     

楚魔花1号魔芋区域性试验研究

在昆明、曲靖、丽江、楚雄、保山5个地方对楚魔花1号魔芋进行区域性比较试验,以当地魔芋种质为对照。试验结果表明,楚魔花1号在不同地区间表现较为稳定,在参试的7个魔芋品系中,楚魔花1号综合表现最好,萌芽出苗所需天数最少,生育期较短,地上部与地下部生长占有优势,抗病性强,产量高于当地主栽种质,下一步可在云南省大面积推广种植。     

贵州亚热带地区的野生香花类观赏植物资源

贵州亚热带地区有野生香花类观赏植物23科39属（1亚属）70种（含新分布种和变种）。分布垂直带谱为海拔160－1000m。花色分为白色、黄色、紫色、黄绿色和红色5类。生境类型分为森林湿地型、疏林灌丛型、山坡草地型和附生型，以森林湿地型和疏林灌丛型的种类居多。银钟花、大叶木莲、尖叶木、云川醉鱼草、紫萼、香槐、两粤黄檀、单性木兰、苍白秤钩风和扭肚藤处于濒危状态。     

秦巴山区核桃种质的形态特征和生化特性

本文以秦巴山区33份优良单株为材料,分析比较了核桃的形态特征、核桃种仁的物理特性和生化特性。结果表明:秦巴山区核桃坚果重量在10.48 g至12.72 g之间,最重的区域是广元市朝天区;核桃核仁重量在4.94 g至6.62 g之间,最重的区域是南江县;核桃仁坚比率在0.45至0.54之间,比率最大的区域是南江县;核桃壳厚在1.11 mm至2.00 mm之间,最薄的区域是广元市中区;核桃坚果平均直径在31.99 mm至33.70 mm之间,最长的区域是通江县;果面都较光滑,风味以香甜为主,核桃取仁都容易,大部分核桃的内褶壁退化,果形以近圆形、椭圆形和圆球形为主。南江县、青川县和万源县核桃的仁色浅,而朝天区、广元市中区和通江县核桃的仁色较深。秦巴山区各个区域核桃的丙氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、胱氨酸、精氨酸、天门冬氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸和氨基酸总量差异显著(P<0.05),而谷氨酸差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明各种氨基酸的形成除与外部环境条件密切相关外,还与核桃种质自身特性有关。秦巴山区各个区域核桃的棕榈油酸、油酸、亚油酸和花生四烯酸含量差异显著(P<0.05),棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚麻酸和花生酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。秦巴山区不同区域核桃的粗脂肪含量、饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸含量、多不饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸含量差异显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,秦巴山区核桃的种质资源非常丰富,不同区域核桃种质的形态特征和生化特性差异都较大,可针对不同类型核桃深加工产品的需要,选用不同区域的核桃,同时也为进一步筛选优良核桃种质和特异种质提供了可能性。     

广东省食用豆类种质资源的创新利用与前瞻

对中国特别是广东省食用豆类种质资源创新利用的意义、国内外创新利用的情况、进一步创新利用的内容方向、前景等进行了综述介绍和前瞻思考,指出食用豆类种质资源创新利用应加强种质资源收集和创新、新品种选育及繁种、配套栽培技术研究以及传统加工制作模式改进工作,同时应选育蛋白质含量高、抗病虫害能力强、专用型、耐贮运的品种。     

Sampling strategy to develop a core collection of Uruguayan maize landraces based on morphological traits

Core collections were suggested to improve germplasmutilization. A core collection is a subset chosen to represent thediversity of a collection with a minimum of redundancies. Becausediversity is distributed between and within groups with differentdegrees of organization, an adequate classification of accessionsinto related groups should be performed prior to the selection of acore collection. Different classification strategies for theUruguayan Maize Collection were compared, and the best one was usedto select a core collection. The following classification strategieswere compared following a multivariate approach using the availablemaize data base: i) racial classification, ii) geographicorigin (south and north of the country), and iii) acombination of kernel type and geographic origin. The third optionwas considered the best classification rule, since it takes intoaccount two points which are closely related to the distribution ofdiversity: genotypic composition and geographic origin. The followingfive groups were identified in the collection: a) pop, b)floury, c) dent, d) southern flint-semiflints, ande) northern flint-semiflints. Eight core collections,each of 90 accessions, were selected, using different strategies toweight the groups in the core and to select the accessions from thegroups. The P, C, and L strategies were used and combined with eitherrandom selection within the group or the Relative Diversity method.Two samples of 90 accessions were obtained at random withoutconsidering the classification. The Relative Diversity methodcombined with the L strategy produced the best core collection, as itretained the highest percentage of the ranges for the 17 variablesincluded in the analysis. On average, 91% of the ranges wereretained in the core, confirming its representativeness.     

Combined use of gliadins and SSRs to analyse the genetic variability of the Spanish collection of cultivated diploid wheat (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum)

This work studied the combined use of gliadins and SSRs to analyse inter- and intra-accession variability of the Spanish collection of cultivated einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. ssp. monococcum) maintained at the CRF-INIA. In general, gliadin loci presented higher discrimination power than SSRs, reflecting the high variability of the gliadins. The loci on chromosome 6A were the most polymorphic with similar PIC values for both marker systems, showing that these markers are very useful for genetic variability studies in wheat. The gliadin results indicated that the Spanish einkorn collection possessed high genetic diversity, being the differentiation large between varieties and small within them. Some associations between gliadin alleles and geographical and agro-morphological data were found. Agro-morphological relations were also observed in the clusters of the SSRs dendrogram. A high concordance was found between gliadins and SSRs for genotype identification. In addition, both systems provide complementary information to resolve the different cases of intra-accession variability not detected at the agro-morphological level, and to identify separately all the genotypes analysed. The combined use of both genetic markers is an excellent tool for genetic resource evaluation in addition to agro-morphological evaluation.     

Measurement of genetic dissimilarity in fieldpea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pisum sativum</Emphasis> L.) genotypes using RAPD markers

The present investigation was carried out on fifteen germplasm lines of Pisum sativum L. were used for characterization using Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. While 12 random primers were taken, out of them 11 primers gave amplification. These primers gave a total of 133 bands out of which 106 were polymorphic. Genetic similarities of the RAPD profiles were estimated by using Jaccard’s coefficient with NTSYSpc 2.0 software. The similarity index values ranged from 0.263 to 0.793 indicating the presence of enormous genetic diversity at molecular level. A dendrogram generated by cluster analysis divided fifteen fieldpea genotypes into two Groups A and B. Major Group A have five genotypes and major Group B have nine genotypes.