国内外蓝莓研究现状

从蓝莓的种质资源、生态适应性、栽培技术、营养保健功能和贮藏加工等5个方面综述了国内外蓝莓研究现状,并提出了蓝莓的研究发展方向,对蓝莓产业发展具有极为重要的意义。     

世界稻种资源以及我国引种利用概况

探讨了全球稻种资源的收集保存情况以及我国水稻国外引种利用现状,说明了稻种遗传资源的多样性对于丰富我国稻种资源宝库和增加遗传多样性意义重大,同时,指出了选育品种的大面积推广、种植,品种单一化和遗传脆弱性日趋严重,导致栽培稻品种的遗传基础越来越狭窄,提出应加强国外水稻资源的引入、评价和利用力度,拓宽品种遗传背景。     

吉林省菜豆种质资源的研究

收集种质资源的目的是为了利用它们育成新品种,用材不当必然影响育成品种的推广价值。要做到对原始材料的正确恰当利用,关键在于对种质资源应有深入的研究,可以说知之越深用之越当。但是在开始利用之前,至少对它们各自的特点应该有所了解,才能取长补短。     

小麦种质资源鉴定、优异基因发掘及创新利用研究概述

详尽介绍了近年来河南省农业科学院小麦研究中心,在小麦种质资源的引进、保存及重要性状筛选鉴定,河南省地方品种身份证构建及亲缘关系分析,河南省小麦主栽品种抗病基因分子标记鉴定,小麦高分子量和低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基品质效应的评价,小麦品质特性的分类及相对重要性分析,小麦优异基因的发掘与分子作图,优异基因分子聚合等方面所取得的研究成果和利用情况.     

Distribution,ecology and reproductive biology of wild tomatoes and related nightshades from the Atacama Desert region of northern Chile

Over the past 20 years, several expeditions were made to northern Chile to collect populations of wild tomatoes (Solanum chilense, S. peruvianum) and allied nightshades (S. lycopersicoides, S. sitiens), and obtain information about their geographic distribution, ecology and reproductive biology. Restricted mainly to drainages of the Andean and the coastal cordillera, populations are geographically fragmented. The two nightshade species are rare and threatened by human activities. Adaptation to extreme aridity and soil salinity are evident in S. chilense and S. sitiens (the latter exhibits several xerophytic traits not seen in the tomatoes) and to low temperatures in S. lycopersicoides and S. chilense. All tested accessions are self-incompatible, with the exception of one S. peruvianum population collected at the southern limit of its distribution. Several distinguishing reproductive traits—anther color, attachment, and dehiscence, pollen size, and flower scent—suggest S. sitiens and S. lycopersicoides attract different pollinators than S. chilense and S. peruvianum. The four Solanum spp. native or endemic to Chile provide a variety of novel traits which, through hybridization and introgression with cultivated tomato, could facilitate development of improved varieties, as well as research on a variety of basic topics, including plant-pollinator interactions, abiotic stress responses, and evolution of reproductive barriers.     

The distribution of normal and male-sterile cytoplasms in Chinese sugar-beet germplasm

Forty-two Chinese sugar-beet breeding lines were evaluated for the presence of normal and male-sterile (Owen) cytoplasms using polymorphisms in the chloroplast petG-psbE region as well as in the mitochondrial minisatellite loci. The polymorphisms detected allowed the distinction of three cytoplasm types over the whole sample, one being associated with Owen cytoplasm, a second with the maintainer inbred ‘TK-81mm-O’-type cytoplasm (termed normal-1 cytoplasm) and a third with another maintainer inbred ‘NK-310mm-O’-type cytoplasm (normal-2 cytoplasm). Western blot analysis was carried out to confirm that expression of the male-sterility-associated protein (preSATP6) occurred in plants with Owen cytoplasm but not in plants with either normal-1 or normal-2 cytoplasm. Of the 42 breeding lines examined, 14 had exclusively normal (normal-1 and/or normal-2) cytoplasm and 11 had only Owen cytoplasm. The remaining 17 lines possessed both normal and Owen cytoplasms, and noticeably, some of these 17 lines have been expected to become the source of superior maintainer lines. The results thus show that molecular identification of the cytoplasm is required to avoid wasting resources on account of attempting to develop the maintainer genotype from plants with Owen cytoplasm.     

Genetic detection of node of first fruiting branch in crosses of a cultivar with two exotic accessions of upland cotton

Flowering time has biological and agricultural significance for crops. In Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), photoperiodic sensitivity is a major obstacle in the utilization of primitive accessions in breeding programs. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis was conducted in two F₂ populations from the crosses between a day-neutral cultivar Deltapine 61 (DPL61) and two photoperiod sensitive G. hirsutum accessions (T1107 and T1354). Node of first fruiting branch (NFB) was used to measure relative time of flowering. Different flowering time genetic patterns were observed in the two populations. Two QTLs were found across five scoring dates, accounting 28.5 (qNFB-c21-1) and 15.9% (qNFB-c25-1) of the phenotypic variation at the last scoring date in Pop. 1107 (DPL61 by T1107); whereas, one major QTL (qNFB-c25-1) can be detected across five scoring dates, explained 63.5% of the phenotypic variation at the last scoring date in Pop. 1354 (DPL61 by T1354). QTLs with minor effects appeared at various scoring date(s), indicating their roles in regulating flowering at a lower or higher node number. Genetic segregation analysis and QTL mapping results provide further information on the mechanisms of cotton photoperiodic sensitivity. Part of a Ph.D. dissertation by senior author submitted to the Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Mississippi State University, December 2007. Contribution of USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn. Journal paper J. 11276 of Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn.     

美国大豆种质鉴定与筛选

2007～2008年对105份美国大豆种质的农艺性状、籽粒蛋白质含量及大豆花叶病毒抗性进行了鉴定和评价,筛选出高蛋白种质2份、早熟种质4份、多荚种质5份、大粒种质3份、多粒荚种质4份、抗大豆花叶病毒病种质11份（其中免疫种质2份）。通过综合分析,从中筛选出优异种质8份。     

紫薇种质资源概况及应用现状分析

介绍了紫薇的分类地位、起源、生物学特性和应用现状,并提出了今后紫薇在我国的应用前景及开发和研究方向。     

国际椰子种质资源研究与利用概况

简要介绍了国际椰子种质资源的数量、分布、保存及其研究与利用现状,并分析了存在的主要问题,提出了今后研究发展方向。