农业高新技术展会的服务功能绩效分析

为了提升大型农业展会服务效果,探索农业技术推广服务新渠道,以第十九届杨凌农业高新科技成果博览会为例,通过问卷调查和统计分析,以受访者职业为判别因子,从交流展示功能、技术推广功能、主题宣传功能3个维度对农业高新技术展会的功能进行绩效分析和现状评价。结果表明:该届展会在改善现场服务、支持农业新技术传播及扩大宣传效果等方面工作具有较大提升潜力,并针对问题提出了相应的对策和建议。     

Importance of recreational fisheries in the Guadiana River Basin in Portugal

The rapid expansion of recreational fishing in Portugal over the last 20 years, along with the multiplicity of pressures affecting inland fisheries, demands the urgent recognition of the social and economic values. Sport-angling information is still inadequate to formulate management actions. To address this issue, a regional survey on freshwater recreational fishing in all the municipalities of the Guadiana River Basin was carried out in 1999. The survey, based on 1998 data, provided information on the profile of anglers, preferences as regards reservoirs and sections of rivers fished, frequency of fishing trips, motivation, expenditure, fish species caught, an estimation of total catch and its destination, interest in competitions, enforcement and personal opinions. The results recommended improved communication and feedback between users, and mechanisms for future regional development and management of recreational fisheries.     

Time requirement and effect on owners of home-based management of dogs with severe chronic spinal cord injury

The aim of this study was to provide quantitative data on time commitment needed for care of dogs with chronic severe spinal cord injury (SCI) at home and assess effect on the owner's home lives. It was not a study aimed at assessing the quality of life (QOL) of the dogs as this has previously been examined, although a small amount of data was collected on this aspect.A questionnaire was sent to 40 owners of dogs with clinically complete chronic SCI (defined by lack of observable response to a noxious stimulus applied to the hind limbs, the absence of voluntary hind limb locomotor function, and urinary and fecal incontinence for more than 9 months at the time the study was conducted). Owners were asked to quantify the time spent exercising their pet, managing urinary and fecal incontinence and giving general skin and fur care. Other questions sought to determine the effect on family relationships.The study population included 27 dachshunds and 10 other breeds. Twenty-six questionnaires were returned for analysis, giving a response rate of 65%. Owners spent between 2 and 44 hours in total per week managing their dog (median, 14 hours), with between 1 and 30 hours spent on mobility management (median, 10 hours) and between 0 and 16 hours (median, 3 hours) on incontinence. About 92% of owners were living with a partner, and at least one in the couple did not work full time, 84% had no children younger than 16 years, 64% either currently or previously owned another dog, and 73% declared that they had not considered euthanasia as an option at the time of the SCI.Twenty owners strongly agreed that the work involved was worthwhile, and 16 owners felt that the work involved had strengthened the bond between them and their pet. One owner felt that the care required had reduced their own QOL and 2 owners reported serious family problems. The dogs studied form a particular subset of cases because they had been cared for by their owners for at least 9 months. However, this study provides information that will aid informed decision making by owners and veterinarians at the time of a dog SCI, providing an indication of what can be expected in the chronic phase of SCI.     

农牧民气候变化适应意愿及影响因素——以鄂尔多斯市乌审旗为例

通过对鄂尔多斯市乌审旗农牧业区10个嘎查（村）、102户农牧民家庭开展的问卷调查和访谈研究,分析了乌审旗农牧民应对气候变化采取的适应措施,限制其采取适应措施的主要因素,以及影响农牧民气候变化适应意愿的因素。结果表明：①农牧民主要通过打井灌溉、贷款和寻求农牧业以外其他工作的方式来应对气候变化;②限制农牧民采取适应措施的因素主要是资金匮乏、技术缺乏或落后、水资源短缺;③ Logistic回归模型表明,养殖业收入、草场面积和性别是影响乌审旗牧民气候变化适应意愿的主要因素,种植业收入、家庭年纯收入、年龄和性别是该旗农民进行气候变化适应的主要影响因素。乌审旗未来气候变化适应政策的制定和实施应更多地关注低收入人群。     

A study on decomposition of organic matter and aggregate formation

It is universally accepted that grassland soils have a good crumb structure, and the aggregation of soil particles is mainly attributed to the organic matter supplied from grass roots, and to certain organic aggregating agents accumulated in the decomposition process.     

Estimation of Daily Human Intake of Food Flavonoids

The daily intake of food flavonoids was determined using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a four day non consecutive food diary (4DFR) in a group of 45 female Flemish dietitians. The subjects were asked to report their food intake three times: day 1 using the FFQ (FFQ1); between day 2 and 13 using a four day non consecutive food diary (4DFR); and again the FFQ on day 14 (FFQ2). The total flavonoid intake in mg/day as estimated with the different methods were respectively (mean and SD) for FFQ1 166.0 +/- 146.6 mg/day; for 4DFR 203.0 +/- 243.2 mg/day; and for FFQ2 158.3 +/- 151.8 mg/day. There was a significant different estimate for the amount of flavan-3-ols, flavanones and flavones when comparing the two FFQs with the 4DFR. The two research methods classified 88% of the 45 dietitians in the same or in an adjacent quartile for total flavonoid intake. The findings of this study indicate that the developed FFQ seems to be a simple and reliable method to assign subjects in quartiles of flavonoid intake.     

肝癌患者的生命质量评定及其影响因素分析

目的评定肝癌患者的生命质量并分析其影响因素。方法随机抽取105例肝癌患者,采用肝癌生命质量测定量表（QOL-LC）进行调查。结果患者的性别、职业和文化程度各领域得分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;不同年龄和经济收入患者总生命质量得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01或0.05）。66例治疗资料完整的患者中,手术切除组治疗前后生命质量变化较经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）组大。结论肝癌患者的生命质量与其年龄、经济状况和治疗方法等有关。     

阿克苏河流域公众气候变化感知及适应措施选择的差异分析

通过调查问卷方式,结合科学监测数据,分析阿克苏河流域公众对气候变化及其影响的感知及适应对策选择倾向,并比较了流域内不同地区、职业及学历居民的感知差异与对策选择差异。结果表明：① 阿克苏河流域绝大多数居民认为,气候已发生变化,且变化时间在20世纪80年代后,居民在气候变化感知中所体现的地区差异较明显。② 阿克苏河流域多数居民认为,当地“山区雪冰融化加速”、“自然灾害增多”、“播种期提前”,不同属性居民对其感知差异不明显;对于“河流水量变化”,居民的感知存在不确定性,并存在明显的区域差异。③ 农业系统自身调整型措施、基础设施建设型措施和提高农业水资源利用效率型措施易被居民接受。④ 阿克苏地区不同流域、职业及学历的居民在适应对策选择中存在一定差异,其中,中游居民、非农业者以及中高等学历者的应对措施倾向较为积极。
     

不同经营主体地膜使用及回收处理情况的调查研究

为了调研不同经营主体地膜使用及回收处理情况,系统探讨不同经营方式对地膜使用及回收处理的影响,本研究以我国北方三省份（辽宁省、内蒙古自治区、甘肃省）为调研对象,通过发放调查问卷的方式调查了普通农户、种植大户（种植面积大于6.67hm²）和合作社三类经营主体的地膜使用情况（平均覆膜率、地膜使用强度、地膜厚度和主要作物覆膜率等）及地膜回收情况（回收作业率、回收方式和回收后地膜的处理方式）。结果表明,三个省份采用地膜覆盖技术的主要作物是玉米、露地蔬菜、马铃薯、向日葵、花生;从覆膜率来看,种植大户、合作社分别比普通农户高7.54、8.50个百分点;从地膜使用强度来看,合作社地膜使用强度最高,平均为86.41kg·hm^-2,分别比普通农户和种植大户高4.37%、19.81%;从地膜厚度来看,不同经营主体使用的地膜厚度大致相同;从地膜回收的机械化捡拾程度来看,合作社最高,为48.29%,分别比普通农户、种植大户高27.85、10.92个百分点;从地膜回收作业率来看,不同经营主体均高于85%,其中普通农户、合作社较种植大户分别高1.04、1.65个百分点。研究表明,合作社和种植大户等规模化、组织化的经营主体更倾向于使用地膜覆盖技术,其使用和回收处理行为对环境更友好,因此,推进发展新型经营主体能够有效促进解决地膜污染问题。