白菜型冬油菜萌动种子低温春化的生理生化特征

【目的】探讨白菜型冬油菜萌动种子低温春化的可能性,以及萌动种子春化过程其生理生化状态和植株结实性等表型变化特征,为白菜型冬油菜人工加代繁育和加速育种进程提供理论基础。【方法】以3个不同感温性的白菜型冬油菜品种为材料,于4℃对油菜萌动种子进行春化处理,春化处理过程中（0、20、30、40、50和60 d）测定萌动种子的硝酸还原酶、抗氧化物酶活性、渗透调节物、丙二醛含量等生理生化指标;同时播种各春化处理萌动种子,观察记录种子形成植株的生育期进程、测定植株结实性能等。【结果】随着春化处理时间的增加,白菜型冬油菜萌发种子形成的植株春化率、初花期株高、成熟期株高、一次分枝数、单株角果数、角果长、角粒数、单株产量等总体呈逐渐升高趋势;春化处理前期（0—40 d）,植株结实性能在不同品种间表现较明显差异,春化时间增加后（50—60 d）,不同品种结实能力虽略有差异,但均无显著差异水平。回归分析结果显示,在4℃条件下,强冬性冬油菜陇油7号萌动种子完全春化（春化率>95%）需处理76.9 d,陇油9号和天油4号分别为54.0和39.4 d。相关分析结果表明,春化率与株高、结实性能等各表型性状均呈极显著正相关,其中与初花期株高、成熟期株高相关系数最大为0.947和0.985,表明白菜型冬油菜春化程度显著影响着植株株高、结实性能等。随低温春化时间增加,白菜型冬油菜萌动种子硝酸还原酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、丙二醛、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖呈先升高后降低的趋势,过氧化氢酶活性呈不断降低趋势。与对照（未低温处理的萌动种子）相比,低温春化处理的陇油7号、陇油9号萌动种子GA₃含量均明显降低,春化30 d的天油4号萌动种子GA₃含量明显比对照增加。与对照相比,春化处理的冬油菜萌动种子IAA含量均明显增加（陇油9号春化40 d处理除外）,其中,春化50 d的天油4号萌动种子IAA含量比对照增加197.0%。陇油7号春化处理的萌动种子ABA含量比对照明显增加。【结论】白菜型冬油菜萌动种子可以感受低温使其完成春化作用,品种春化所需低温时间取决于品种冬性强弱;低温春化过程中,白菜型冬油菜萌动种子生理生化状态发生了一些变化,并最终影响植株的生长发育及其结实性能。     

Screening for reproductive biomarkers in Bactrian camel via iTRAQ analysis of proteomes

Bactrian camel is an ancient and precious species of livestock; that is, unique resources exist in the desert and have important economic and scientific value. In recent years, the number of Bactrian camels has declined sharply. Due to its long reproductive cycle and seasonal oestrus, the mechanism of oestrus is unknown. To identify candidate biomarkers of reproduction, we performed a comprehensive proteomic analysis of serum from Bactrian camel in oestrus and non-oestrus, using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. We identified 359 proteins, of which 32 were differentially expressed: 11 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated in samples from camels in oestrus. We validated the differential expression of a subset of these proteins using qPCR and Western blot. Gene ontology annotation identified that the differentially expressed proteins function in cellular processes, metabolic processes and immune system processes. Notably, five of the differentially expressed proteins, PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2, are involved in reproductive regulatory processes in other animals. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated significant enrichment in several cardiac-related pathways, such as ‘dilated cardiomyopathy’, ‘hypertrophic cardiomyopathy’, ‘cardiac muscle contraction’ and ‘adrenergic signalling in cardiomyopathy’. Our results suggest that candidate biomarker (PCGF5, histone H1.2, RBP4, FOLR1 and ANTXR2) discovery can aid in understanding reproduction in Bactrian camels. We conclude that the profiling of serum proteomes, followed by the measurement of selected proteins using more targeted methods, offers a promising approach for studying mechanisms of oestrus.     

青海果洛高寒地区燕麦和小黑麦最佳混播比例筛选

为筛选出适合于三江源区燕麦(Avena sativa)和小黑麦(×Triticale Wittmack)混播比例,在青海省甘德县进行了燕麦与小黑麦不同混播处理的研究。结果表明,在供试的5个混播处理中,混播组合燕麦60%+小黑麦40%处理下的干草产量最高,为13605 kg·hm–2,显著高于单播(P<0.05),和燕麦50%+小黑麦50%处理差异不显著(P>0.05)。燕麦60%+小黑麦40%处理下的燕麦株高最高,比燕麦单播提高6.5%。燕麦60%+小黑麦40%处理下的燕麦单株产量和单株地下生物量均显著高于燕麦单播和其他供试混播处理(P<0.05);小黑麦单株产量在燕麦40%+小黑麦60%处理下最高。燕麦60%+小黑麦40%处理下的燕麦和小黑麦的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均低于单播,粗蛋白含量最高。利用干草产量、粗蛋白含量、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、酸性洗涤纤维含量和中性洗涤纤维含量的相对值进行隶属函数值综合评价,得出混播处理的最佳比例为燕麦60%+小黑麦40%。     

基于AHP-CRITIC复合加权法评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰品质

运用AHP-CRITIC复合加权法评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质。以不同发育期的苦水玫瑰为研究对象,测定总多糖、总黄酮、总多酚含量及抗氧化活性,采用AHP-CRITIC复合加权法综合评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质。结果发现抗氧化IC50、总黄酮、总多酚、总多糖4个指标成分的复合权重分别为0.294 1、0.152 3、0.158 8、0.394 8;幼蕾期、花蕾期、盛开期苦水玫瑰质量综合评分分别为54.362 0、38.451 9、33.801 9,即幼蕾期苦水玫瑰的质量最好,花蕾期次之,盛开期较差。说明通过化学成分和生物活性作用综合评价不同发育期苦水玫瑰的品质,幼蕾期苦水玫瑰品质最好。     

民勤4种主要灌木植物δ13C季节变化及与气象因子的关系

对民勤4种主要灌木植物叶片/同化枝δ¹³C测定，研究不同荒漠灌木植物叶片/同化枝δ¹³C差异及其季节变化，并探讨植物叶片/同化枝δ¹³C与气象因子之间的关系。结果表明:1）4种灌木植物叶片/同化枝δ¹³C值不同月份之间存在极显著差异（P＜0.01），除梭梭外，其他3种植物δ¹³C值生长初期（5月）>生长中后期（6-10月）。4 种灌木植物叶片/同化枝δ¹³C值种间差异在5-10月都达到极显著水平（P＜0.01），沙拐枣＞梭梭＞柠条锦鸡儿＞白刺。2）4种主要灌木植物叶片/同化枝δ¹³C值受到物种、月份、物种×月份的影响，均达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)，但受物种的影响最大。3）4种灌木植物叶片/同化枝δ¹³C值与气象因子的关系因其物种而异；影响梭梭、沙拐枣、白刺、柠条锦鸡儿叶片/同化枝δ¹³C值的主要气象因子分别是平均气温、相对湿度、蒸发量。     

Modern eolian and fluvial processes and their interactions in an ephemeral desert stream in Inner Mongolia,China

Purpose

Floods and eolian activities are the dominant external agents to shape the topographic forms in ephemeral desert streams of drylands. So far, few studies have discussed the modern processes of eolian–fluvial interactions. To bridge this gap, we studied the modern interactions of eolian and fluvial process in a desert ephemeral river, the Maobula Gully in Inner Mongolia, which exhibits typical eolian–fluvial interactions.

Materials and methods

Multisource data such as integrated particle size data, hydrological data from the Tugerige Hydrological Station, high-spatial-resolution satellite images, and an eolian sediment saltation emission model were integrated to analyze the effects of eolian and fluvial delivery to the sediment on the riverbed, the eolian sediment feeding rate to the gully, the transport of sediment in flood events, and the interactions between eolian and fluvial processes.

Results and discussion

The desert reach of the Maobula Gully is a replacement reach between coarse sediment from the upper reaches and eolian sediment from the Kubuqi Desert. The annual eolian sediment feeding into the gully exhibited a significant decreasing trend. The eolian sediment into the gully increases the available sediment and the bed roughness, affecting the transport of sediment during floods. The sediment concentration and yields in flood events are mainly decided by the discharge and water yield, respectively. Through a comparison of the channel forms between 1970 and 2013, a recovery mechanism in the Maobula Gully was identified, which involves the equilibrium state between abrupt flood erosion and continuous dune migration.

Conclusions

This study analyzed the modern processes of eolian and fluvial processes and their interactions in a typical ephemeral desert stream named the Maobula Gully, and some interesting results were found. We believe that the methodology and results could provide references and evidence for understanding the mechanisms of fluvial and eolian interactions in other ephemeral desert streams around the world.

     

不同春小麦品种耐低磷性评价及种质筛选

筛选磷高效作物是充分利用土壤磷素和减少磷肥施用量的重要手段。本研究以162份春小麦种质资源为材料,对其苗期的株高、总根长、根表面积等8个指标的耐低磷系数进行分析,采用隶属函数法综合评价春小麦苗期的耐低磷特性,初步筛选耐低磷材料,并进一步进行成株期的耐低磷特性鉴定,筛选出耐低磷材料和磷敏感材料,分析其在低磷下酸性磷酸酶的活性变化。结果表明,低磷胁迫下春小麦材料苗期和成株期的各性状均受到不同程度的影响,并随着胁迫程度的增加,小麦生长受抑制程度增强。通过主成分分析将苗期8个指标转化成4个综合指标(累计贡献率为82.60%),将成株期的10个指标转化为3个综合指标(累计贡献率为83.23%);采用隶属函数法计算耐低磷综合评价值(D)值,对D值进行聚类分析,将苗期的162份春小麦种质资源划分为耐低磷型(10份)、较耐低磷型(26份)、低磷较敏感型(91份)、低磷敏感型(35份)4类。选取耐低磷型材料(5份)和低磷敏感型材料(4份),进一步进行成株期鉴定,最终筛选1份耐低磷材料wp-35和1份磷敏感材料wp-119。通过分析其酸性磷酸酶活性,发现在低磷胁迫下春小麦根系和叶片中的酸性磷酸酶活性均升高,且耐低磷材料的酸性磷酸酶活性高于磷敏感材料。本研究结果可为解析春小麦耐低磷特性、培育耐低磷品种提供种质资源和理论依据。     

Rodent abundance triggered switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system of the subtropical island forest

Density-dependent non-monotonic species interactions are important in maintaining ecosystem stability and function, but empirical evidences are still rare. Rodents, as both seed dispersers and seed predators, have dual effects on plant regeneration and may result in non-monotonic rodent-plant interactions. According to the non-monotonic models, the relative positive or negative effects of rodents on seedling establishment can be measured based on the positive or negative association of seedling recruitment rate and rodent abundance. In this study, we investigated the fates of acorns of Quercus serrata by tracking tagged seeds on 21 fragmented subtropical islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China. We found that the proportion of germinated seeds of all released seeds showed a dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed. The proportion of removed seeds and cached seeds showed a saturated- and a weak dome-shaped association with rodent abundance per seed, respectively. Our results demonstrated a clear empirical evidence that rodent abundance per seed triggered a switch between the relative mutualism and predation in a rodent–seed system. Our study implied that the observed non-monotonic interactions between plants and animals may play a significant role in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem function. We appeal for more investigations of the complex non-monotonic interactions in various ecosystems.     

黄土高原人工灌草系统不同立地条件土壤种子库特征

本研究通过野外调查取样与室内试验相结合，连续两年对黄土高原人工灌草系统不同坡向、坡位进行取样，以期对该区土壤种子库的物种组成、密度特征及其物种多样性进行初步了解。研究结果表明：该人工灌草生态系统土壤种子库共有9科，15种，其组成因坡位、坡向以及年份而异；坡向、坡位均显著影响土壤种子库物种多样性指数、丰富度指数与土壤种子库密度（P<0.05），土壤种子库密度为3 218～5 492粒·m^-2，总体呈现为阴坡显著高于阳坡（P<0.05），下坡位显著高于上坡位（P<0.05）；坡位和坡向均对物种均匀性系数无显著影响；年份对土壤种子库无显著影响。上述研究可为黄土高原人工灌草系统的可持续利用与恢复提供参考依据。     

GIS技术在农业信息化中的应用

气候、资源和水土等地理信息是农业发展的重要影响因素,通过GIS技术分析复杂多变的地理信息,可以进行有效的信息管理、分辨和测试。阐述了GIS技术的概念及其在农业信息化中的应用,并对GIS技术发展前景进行了展望。