马蔺苗期耐镉性分析及鉴定指标筛选

为探讨马蔺苗期耐镉特性,筛选耐镉性快速鉴定指标并建立耐镉性数学评价模型,本研究通过盆栽砂培试验,以16份马蔺种质材料为试验材料,设置5个镉(Cd)浓度处理(0、50、100、200、300mg·kg-1),胁迫40d后测定马蔺种质材料的8项形态和生理指标,即株高(PH)、叶绿素(Chl)含量、地上干重(DWS)、根系干重(DWR)、叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及可溶性蛋白(SP)含量,以各单项指标的耐性指数作为衡量耐镉性的依据,运用主成分分析、隶属函数法分析和逐步回归分析等方法进行综合评价及分类。结果表明,主成分分析将镉胁迫处理下马蔺苗期的8项形态和生理指标转换成3个彼此独立的综合指标;利用隶属函数法对3个综合指标分析,得到不同种质苗期耐镉性综合评价值(D值);通过对D值聚类分析,将16份马蔺种质材料分为3个耐镉群体,其中强耐镉材料6份,中等耐镉材料7份,弱耐镉材料3份;进一步运用逐步回归法建立耐镉性预测回归模型:D=-1.414+1.076DWS+0.744SP+0.266SOD,筛选出显著影响马蔺苗期耐镉能力的3个单项指标(DWS、SOD、SP);ML018、ML019等6份强耐镉材料具有较强的吸收、忍耐和转运能力,可作为Cd污染土壤修复的备选植物。本研究为马蔺种质资源评价及新品种选育奠定了基础。     

黑豆种质苗期耐荫性评价及其根系对弱光胁迫的响应

玉米-大豆复合种植是西南地区重要的生态种植模式之一,而目前耐荫型专用黑豆种质十分匮乏,黑豆的耐荫机理也尚不清楚,这严重影响了该模式的进一步推广。本研究旨在建立黑豆苗期耐荫性评价数学模型,筛选出能够判断黑豆耐荫性的有效指标,并探讨不同耐荫型黑豆根系对弱光胁迫的响应差异,为耐荫型黑豆种质的选育及耐荫机理的阐释奠定基础。试验以23个黑豆种质为研究材料,采用盆栽试验方法,设置自然光和遮荫2个处理。在黑豆植株V3期测定株高、茎粗、下胚轴长度、叶片干重、茎干重、主茎节数、总根长、根表面积、总根体积等形态指标和光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数等生理指标。采用多元统计方法建立黑豆苗期耐荫性评价模型,并根据评价结果,关联分析不同耐荫型黑豆根系对弱光胁迫的响应差异。通过逐步回归分析建立了黑豆苗期耐荫性评价数学模型;并通过该模型,筛选出蒸腾速率、株高、叶干重、最大荧光强度和初始荧光强度等5个鉴定指标。在荫蔽条件下测定苗期黑豆的上述5个指标可实现对黑豆苗期耐荫性的综合评价。同时,对23份黑豆种质的耐荫性综合评价值D进行了聚类分析,结果表明,黑豆种质可划分为耐荫型、中度耐荫型和荫蔽敏感型3类。不同耐荫型黑豆种质的根系结构对弱光胁迫的响应程度不同,黑豆的总根长、根表面积、总根体积、根干重等根系强度指标均表现为耐荫型中度耐荫型荫蔽敏感型。这表明耐荫潜力大的黑豆根系更发达。     

耐低磷水稻筛选与鉴定

对2472个来自不同核心种质资源库的代表性水稻品种进行了苗期耐低磷初选和复筛,并通过全生育期鉴定,研究了耐低磷水稻种质资源筛选的基本条件和指标。结果表明,采用两步筛选法,即苗期初筛和复筛,并通过全生育期产量验证,既可以获得典型耐低磷和低磷敏感水稻品种,又提高效率,吻合度达67%;在供试土壤有效磷含量小于5.mg/kg时,筛选密度为4株/600g土,设低磷水平为50.mg/kg(外加);分蘖数及其耐低磷指数(相对分蘖数)综合性较强,作为苗期筛选指标比较适宜;对于少数特殊的品种,它们在高磷和低磷处理时都没有分蘖,此时用干重耐低磷指数(相对干重)来衡量它们的耐低磷能力比较合适;全生育期验证以经济产量及其耐低磷指数(相对经济产量)为鉴定指标,其中有效穗对经济产量影响最大。     

大豆品种耐低磷和对磷肥效应的遗传差异

大豆不同品种对低磷胁迫和磷肥效应有显著的遗传差异。低磷胁迫下,苗期植株叶片酸性磷酸酶活性（APA）和叶面积与品种的子粒产量呈极显著相关;APA、叶面积、干物质量和氮积累量与生物学产量呈显著或极显著相关。但在施磷条件下,它们之间则无相关关系。这表明APA、叶面积、干物质量和氨积累量可作为耐低磷基因型的筛选指标。试验表明,耐低磷能力弱的品种对磷肥反应更为敏感。在低磷和施磷条件下产量均较高的品种也是存在的,它们对不同的磷素营养环境有着广泛的适应性,进一步挖掘这类基因型很有意义。     

高油酸花生萌发期耐冷性综合评价及种质筛选

为筛选高油酸花生萌发期耐冷鉴定指标,构建高油酸花生萌发期耐冷性综合评价体系,挖掘高油酸花生耐冷种质资源。本研究利用隶属函数法、主成分因子分析法、相关性分析及聚类分析法对56份高油酸花生种质资源进行耐冷性综合评价及耐冷种质筛选。结果表明,11个耐冷鉴定指标按贡献率大小依次为露白萌发因子、发芽时间因子及子叶鲜重因子,发芽指数及萌发耐冷指数可以作为高油酸花生萌发期耐冷性的最优鉴定指标,高油酸花生种质资源萌发期耐冷性强弱受多指标影响。高油酸花生萌发期耐冷性状综合评价D值范围为0.080~0.754,均值为0.497,不同高油酸花生品种萌发期耐冷性存在较大差异。56份高油酸花生种质资源分为5个耐冷级别,筛选到萌发期耐冷较强材料1份、中等耐冷材料20份、耐冷较差材料29份、耐冷差材料5份及冷敏感型材料1份。本试验筛选到的耐冷种质可以作为高油酸花生耐冷育种和耐冷机理的研究材料。本研究为探明高油酸花生种质资源耐冷性提供了理论参考。     

杉木紫色酸性磷酸酶基因ClPAP18b的克隆及表达分析

  【目的】  以速生丰产型杉木无性系洋023、洋036、洋6421和拟南芥为材料,研究杉木中紫色酸性磷酸酶 (PAPs) 的功能作用,以筛选具有磷素高效利用特性的杉木无性系。  【方法】  采用PCR技术克隆PAP18b基因,分析其序列特征和同源性,并对杉木无性系洋023、洋036、洋6421进行正常供磷 (1.0 mmol/L KH₂PO₄) 和低磷胁迫 (0.1 mmol/L KH₂PO₄,0.9 mmol/L KCl) 砂培盆栽处理0、10、15、30和60天,测定酸性磷酸酶活性及全磷含量,定量分析根和叶中ClPAP18b基因表达量、磷含量及酸性磷酸酶活性的关系,并将ClPAP18b基因过表达至拟南芥,进行该基因的功能验证。  【结果】  成功克隆获得杉木PAP18b基因CDS序列 (1 212 bp),命名为ClPAP18b,该基因编码404个氨基酸,亚细胞定位于胞间区,这表明ClPAP18b基因可能发挥调控酸性磷酸酶分泌至胞外的功能。酸性磷酸酶活性测定结果表明,30天磷处理后,正常供磷和低磷处理下,杉木洋036和洋6421无性系根中的酸性磷酸酶活性均高于叶,而根中酸性磷酸酶活性低磷处理下高于正常供磷处理;洋023的根和叶中酸性磷酸酶活性在低磷胁迫诱导下多高于正常供磷条件下根和叶中酸性磷酸酶活性。磷含量分析结果表明,杉木洋023、洋036和洋6421无性系的地上部磷含量高于地下部,不同水平供磷处理后,不同杉木无性系或同一杉木不同组织磷含量存在差异。RT-qPCR 结果显示,低磷胁迫诱导杉木ClPAP18b基因表达。低磷条件下,ClPAP18b过表达拟南芥植株长势优于对照组,且过表达植株中的酸性磷酸酶活性叶高于对照组,但花青素积累量低于对照组。此外,相比于正常供磷处理植株,过表达ClPAP18b拟南芥中PHT1; 2、PHT1; 8和AtPAP26等与磷胁迫相关的基因表达量显著高于对照组,而AtPAP12和AtPAP17基因表达量明显降低。  【结论】  低磷胁迫诱导杉木ClPAP18b基因表达和酸性磷酸酶活性增强,但不同杉木无性系对磷缺乏的适应性存在明显差异,过表达ClPAP18b基因可促进拟南芥植株耐低磷胁迫,ClPAP18b基因可能在杉木低磷胁迫调节机制中发挥调控作用,可作为改良杉木耐低磷的重要候选基因。     

镉胁迫对草地早熟禾生长与生理代谢的影响

为探究不同草地早熟禾种质材料耐镉(Cd)性的差异,筛选出耐Cd和Cd敏感种质,采用温室盆栽试验法,通过测定早熟禾幼苗干物质含量、叶片相对含水量和光合色素含量等指标,运用隶属函数法对材料的耐Cd性进行综合评价,以及对不同浓度Cd处理下10份材料的丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等指标进行测定,研究Cd胁迫下10份草地早熟禾种质的生长及生理响应。结果表明,随着Cd处理浓度的升高,10份草地早熟禾材料苗期的干物质含量、叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量等较对照均呈显著下降趋势,经综合评价筛选出10号耐Cd材料和8号Cd敏感材料。10份草地早熟禾材料的地上部分和根系中Cd浓度均随着Cd处理浓度的增加而增加。相同Cd浓度处理下,地上部分Cd浓度最高为10号材料,5号次之,8号地上部分的Cd浓度最低。根系Cd浓度最高是10号材料。10号材料的3种酶活性和Pro含量均高于其他材料,MDA含量均低于其他材料,表现出较高的耐Cd性,而8号材料则相反,其耐Cd性的测定结果与隶属函数评价结果相符。本研究结果为草地早熟禾在重金属修复潜力方面提供了理论依据。     

低磷胁迫对不同品种高粱苗期形态及生理指标的影响

以14个高粱品种为材料,设置5个磷处理水平,对高粱苗期的形态和生理指标进行了研究。结果表明, 1）不同水平磷处理对高粱苗期各形态指标均有极显著影响,其中以0.25 mmol/L作为低磷处理较适合; 2)低磷胁迫对高粱幼苗各形态指标均有不利影响,干重、植株地上部含磷量受低磷的影响较大,可作为耐低磷高粱品种的筛选指标; 3)不同高粱品种对低磷的耐性存在明显的基因型差异, 聚类分析显示八月齐属相对耐低磷性强的品种,农858属低磷敏感型品种; 4)低磷下叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量下降,丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性升高,除可溶性蛋白外,叶绿素、 MDA、 SOD和POD活性均表现为耐低磷性强的相对变化率较小,耐低磷性弱的相对变化率较大。     

基于代表性植株二次选择和多元统计分析的芦笋芽期苗期耐盐性鉴定及综合评价

土壤盐渍化是制约农业发展的逆境因素之一,筛选耐盐种质可为芦笋耐盐新品种选育和耐盐机理研究奠定基础。本研究以49个芦笋品种为试验材料,采用二次选择法选择代表性植株,设0 mmol·L^-1 NaCl(CK)和310 mmol·L^-1 NaCl(T)2个水培处理,分别测定发芽率、发芽势等4个芽期指标和株高、根长等8个苗期指标,以耐盐系数为基础,运用多元统计分析方法进行耐盐性综合评价。结果表明,盐胁迫极显著影响各项指标(P<0.01),其中,地下部干重和根冠比耐盐系数大于1,其余指标耐盐系数均小于1。相关性分析表明,芽期各指标间均存在极显著相关性(P<0.01),苗期大部分指标间存在显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)相关性。芽期基于U值聚类将供试品种划分为强耐盐、中耐盐、弱耐盐和盐敏感4个耐盐级别;苗期通过主成分分析将8个单项指标转换为3个综合指标,反映了全部信息的77.805%,基于D值聚类鉴定出苗期强耐盐品种12个、中耐盐品种20个、弱耐盐品种14个、盐敏感品种3个,其中,冠军和特立龙在芽期和苗期均表现为强耐盐。芽期基于U值和苗期基于D值的耐盐性排序与同时期综合耐盐系数(CSC)和加权耐盐系数(WSC)基本一致。本研究方法较传统鉴定方法更为科学、合理,可大幅减少田间全生育期鉴定工作量,适用于大规模芦笋种质耐盐性评价,对盐渍化土壤的改良利用具有重要意义。     

苗期耐低磷烟草基因型筛选及其磷效率

【目的】筛选耐低磷及磷高效作物是充分利用土壤磷素和磷肥,减少磷肥施用对环境污染的重要手段。调查烟草基因型的磷素利用效率可为培育磷高效烟草品种提供理论依据。【方法】以71个烟草品种为供试材料进行了水培试验。以Hoagland营养液为基础(1.0 mmol/L KH₂PO₄),调整营养液磷水平0.01 mmol/L KH₂PO₄ (低磷)。烟苗在完全营养液中生长至4叶1心时进行处理。处理21天后,采样分析烟草主要生长、形态和生理指标,筛选耐低磷基因型判别指标,并对品种进行磷效率类型划分。【结果】全株磷累积量、地上部干重、根干重、株高、总根长及根直径可作为鉴定耐低磷烟草基因型的苗期筛选指标。将全株磷累积量和地上部干重的耐低磷相对值进行聚类热图分析,鉴定出8个耐低磷品种、21个低磷敏感品种及42个中间型品种。同时,依磷效率综合值作散点图发现,耐低磷品种中有4个低磷低效正常磷低效型、2个低磷高效正常磷高效型和2个低磷高效正常磷低效型,低磷敏感品种中有14个低磷低效正常磷低效型、1个低磷高效正常磷高效型和6个低磷低效正常磷高效型。【结论】初步确定K326和云烟105为耐低磷且磷高效品种,G28、闵烟3号、DB101、Oxford 2028、14P10、CV70、云烟98、MSB44、单育2号、净叶黄、CB1、中烟101、RG11和MSB31等14个为不耐低磷且磷低效品种。     

小麦重组自交系群体苗期抗旱性综合评价

[目的]探讨干旱对小麦萌发期幼苗生长的影响,筛选抗旱的优良小麦种质材料,为小麦抗旱新品种的选育提供依据。[方法]以洛旱2号与潍麦8号杂交产生的重组自交系(RIL)群体(F9)为材料,基于小麦萌发期幼苗在不同水分条件下的多个农艺性状指标数据,通过主成分分析和K均值聚类的方法,对重组自交系的291个株系及其亲本进行了苗期抗旱性综合评价,并对各株系的苗期抗旱性度量值和其产量的相关性进行了分析。[结果](1)用10%的PEG-6000处理萌动的种子,可促进胚芽鞘长和根数的增加,而对其它农艺性状有明显的抑制作用。(2)从该重组自交系的291个株系中筛选出了44个抗旱优良株系,为小麦抗旱育种提供了宝贵的种质材料。(3)小麦各株系的苗期抗旱性和其产量之间呈显著的正相关。[结论]根系性状对干旱胁迫的反应最为敏感,干旱胁迫下能否形成相对强大的根系系统是衡量幼苗抗旱性的重要条件。     

Tolerance of durum wheat lines to an acid,aluminum‐toxic subsoil

Durum wheat, Triticum durum Desf., is reportedly more sensitive to aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils than hexaploid wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell. Aluminum‐tolerant genotypes would permit more widespread use of this species where it is desired, but not grown, because of acid soil constraints. Durum wheat germplasm has not been adequately screened for acid soil (Al) tolerance. Fifteen lines of durum wheat were grown for 28 days in greenhouse pots of acid, Al‐toxic Tatum subsoil at pH 4.5, and non‐toxic soil at pH 6.0. Aluminum‐tolerant Atlas 66 and sensitive Scout 66 hexaploid wheats were also included as standards. Based on relative shoot and root dry weight (wt. at pH 4.5/wt. at pH 6.0 X 100), durum entries differed significantly in tolerance to the acid soil. Relative shoot dry weight alone was an acceptable indicator of acid soil tolerance. Relative dry weights ranged from 55.1 to 15.5% for shoots and from 107 to 15.8% for roots. Durum lines PI 195726 (Ethiopia) and PI 193922 (Brazil) were significantly more tolerant than all other entries, even the Al‐tolerant, hexaploid Atlas 66 standard. Hence, these two lines have potential for direct use on acid soils or as breeding materials for use in developing greater Al tolerance in durum wheat. Unexpectedly, the range of acid soil tolerance available in durum wheat appears comparable to that in the hexaploid species. Hence, additional screening of durum wheat germplasm for acid soil (Al) tolerance appears warranted. Durum lines showing least tolerance to the acid soil included PI 322716 (Mexico), PI 264991 (Greece), PI 478306 (Washington State, USA), and PI 345040 (Yugoslavia). The Al‐sensitive Scout 66 standard was as sensitive as the most sensitive durum lines. Concentrations of Al and phosphorus were significantly higher in shoots of acid soil sensitive than in those of tolerant lines, and these values exceeded those reported to cause Al and phosphorus (P) toxicities in wheat and barley.     

花椰菜种质资源萌发期耐盐性综合评价

以98份花椰菜自交系资源为试材,测定了盐胁迫下种子的发芽率(GP)、发芽势(GR)、发芽指数(GI)、活力指数(VI)、苗高(SH)和根长(RL)等指标的耐盐系数,采用隶属函数法进行了耐盐性的综合评价。结果表明:花椰菜种质材料萌发期的耐盐性强弱评价结果受多个指标的影响。运用模糊数学隶属函数法,并赋予测定指标以相应的权重,计算出种质材料耐盐性强弱的综合评价D值,对98份种质材料耐盐性的强弱进行了综合评价和排序。综合评价D值与GP、GR、GI、VI、SH、RL的耐盐系数隶属函数值的相关性均达极显著水平(r=0.910**、0.921**、0.955**、0.972**、0.585**、0.686**),综合评价D值可以全面反映供试种质材料的耐盐性。分别对综合评价D值、GP、GR、GI、VI、SH、RL的隶属函数值进行聚类分析比较,发现GR、GI、VI、RL可以作为花椰菜种质材料萌发期耐盐性筛选的指标,而GP、SH不宜直接作为花椰菜种质材料萌发期耐盐性筛选的指标。基于综合评价D值聚类分析,可以将98份种质材料的耐盐性分为强、中、弱、差四大群类,其中有7份材料属于强耐盐性群类的种质,可供花椰菜耐盐性品种选育改良利用及耐盐性机制、耐盐遗传机理等方面研究。     

Diversity and geographic distribution of stem solidness and environmental stress tolerance in a collection of durum wheat landraces from Turkey

Variation and geographic distribution of stem solidness and environmental stress tolerance were assessed under dryland conditions in a collection of 2420 durum wheat landrace morphotypes collected in 28 administrative provinces of Turkey. The former trait is known to confer resistance to wheat stem sawfly – a serious pest insect in West Asia and North Africa. Both characters were scored on a visual five-level scale. Score mean values and frequency distributions in the different provinces were significantly different for both traits according to analysis of variance and chi-square test, respectively. Two groups of provinces emerged with high frequency of solid-stemmed, and hollow-stemmed accessions, respectively. The former could be of interest in durum wheat breeding against the sawfly. The group of solid-stemmed province germplasms was collected at lower altitude than the other, being also different on average for higher temperatures and evapotranspiration, and shorter growing season at sites of origin. Overall frequency of morphotypes tolerant to stress conditions prevailing in the evaluation site was rather low (10%). This low frequency may be due to low adaptation of materials in this harsher environment than those of origin where rainfall is usually higher and temperatures markedly lower. Nonetheless, differences among provinces in frequency distribution of stress tolerant morphotypes were evidenced. The relatively more tolerant gene pools originated either along the western coast or in the southern part of the country, along the Fertile Crescent. The least tolerant province germplasms originated either in the North along the Black Sea or in the highlands of the eastern Anatolian Plateau. Germplasm from provinces Malatya and Izmir combined good levels of both stem solidness and stress tolerance.     

Variation in salt tolerance within a Georgian wheat germplasm collection

Bread wheat Triticum aestivum L. possesses a genetic variation for the ability to survive and reproduce under salt stress conditions. Durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) is in general more sensitive in comparison to bread wheat, however, exceptions can be found showing the same extent of salt tolerance. Endemic wheats in general are characterised by a high adaptability to their environment. The level and variability of salt tolerance were assessed in a germplasm collection of 144 winter and spring wheat accessions from Georgia comprising Triticum aestivum L., T. durum Desf., T. dicoccon Schrank, T. polonicum L. and Georgian endemics: T. carthlicum Nevski, T. karamyschevii Nevski, T. macha Dekapr. et Menabde, T. timopheevii (Zhuk.) Zhuk. and T. zhukovskyi Menabde et Ericzjan. The accessions were tested for salt tolerance at the germination stage. Large variability in salt tolerance within the Georgian germplasm was found among the different wheat species. The endemic hexaploid winter wheat T. macha and the endemic tetraploid wheat T. timopheevii were among the most tolerant materials, thus presenting promising donors for salt tolerant traits in future breeding efforts for salinity tolerance in wheat.     

IDENTIFICATION OF MAIZE GENOTYPES WITH HIGH TOLERANCE OR SENSITIVITY TO PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY

Soil culture containing phosphorus (P) supply of different levels may be used to screen maize genotypes for resistance to P deficiency. Relative dry weight and P-deficiency symptom level were proven to be fast and efficient indicators for screening of the P-deficiency tolerant genotypes at the stage of seedling. Two maize genotypes, HZS15 and HZS03 were identified as highly sensitive genotypes under P deficiency, simultaneously, HZT32 and HZT33 had extremely high tolerance to P deficiency. The yield experiment confirmed the reliability of this selecting strategy at the stage of seedling. The yield analysis revealed that HZT32 and HZT33 had higher average yield of each plant and thousand-grain weight than those of HZS15 and HZS03. Successively, responses of four genotypes to P deficiency were investigated with simplified hydroponic culture system. Elongated taproot and increased ratio of root to shoot were observed in all four genotypes. However, two P-deficiency-tolerant genotypes had higher ratio of root to shoot than those in P-deficiency-sensitive genotypes. Phosphorus efficiency analysis revealed that under P deficiency HZT33 had higher P absorption efficiency than those of other three genotypes, and two P-deficiency-tolerant genotypes had higher P use efficiency than that of two P-deficiency-sensitive genotypes. These results indicated that the tolerance of HZT32 and HZT33 to P deficiency might primarily be ascribed to high P use efficiency. Moreover, high P absorption efficiency contributed partially to the tolerance of HZT33 under P deficiency. Further research is needed to elucidate the complex correlation between other physiological traits and P efficiency.     

拔节期干旱胁迫下冬小麦品种间产量及生理响应的差异

拔节期干旱是影响冬小麦产量的重要灾害,揭示不同品种对干旱胁迫生理响应的差异,可为鉴选与培育抗旱品种提供指导。选取黄淮海平原不同冬麦区种植面积较大的晋麦47、洛旱2号、石家庄8号、豫麦18和郑麦9023共5个品种和1个抗逆性较弱的品种偃麦20,利用防雨棚开展盆栽试验研究。从籽粒产量以及气孔特性、膜稳定性和渗透调节特性等方面,分析拔节期受水分胁迫后,各品种抗旱性和干旱胁迫响应途径的差异。结果表明:(1)灌溉条件下,晋麦47、洛旱2号和石家庄8号产量较高,豫麦18和偃麦20产量较低。拔节期受干旱胁迫后,晋麦47、洛旱2号和豫麦18产量较高,石家庄8号和偃麦20产量较低。可见,以籽粒产量为抗旱性评价的核心指标,晋麦47、洛旱2号和豫麦18抗旱性较强,石家庄8号和偃麦20抗旱性较弱,郑麦9023抗旱性居中。(2)3个抗旱品种间干旱胁迫响应途径并不一致。与抗旱性较弱的石家庄8号和偃麦20相比,拔节期干旱胁迫下,豫麦18气孔导度较低,气孔调节能力强;洛旱2号细胞渗透势较低,渗透调节能力较强;洛旱2号膜离子渗漏率较低,膜稳定性较强;晋麦47在气孔调节、渗透调节和膜稳定性调节方面与抗旱性较弱的品种无显著差异。研究结果说明,冬小麦品种间响应干旱胁迫的关键途径存在差异。因而品种的抗旱性难以通过单一生理指标科学评价,需要多指标联合鉴定。