Performance characterization of rigid polyurethane foam with refined alkali lignin and modified alkali lignin

The two kinds of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared with respectively adding the refined alkali lignin and alkali lignin modified by 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane to be instead of 15% of the polyether glycol in weight. The indexes of mechanical performance, apparent density, thermal stability and aging resistance were separately tested for the prepared PU foams. The results show that the mechanical property, thermal insulation and thermal stability for PU foam with modified alkali lignin are excellent among two kinds of PU foams and control samples. The additions of the refined alkali lignin and modified alkali lignin to PU foam have little effect on the natural aging or heat aging resistance except for decreasing hot alkali resistance apparently. Additionally, the thermal conductivity of modified alkali lignin PU foam is lowest among two kinds of PU foams and control samples. The alkali lignin PU foam modified by 3-chloro-1,2-epoxypropane could be applied in the heat preservation field.     

漆酶处理对未漂硫酸盐浆抗张强度和纤维表面的影响

探讨了漆酶处理对未漂硫酸盐浆抗张强度的影响,研究了漆酶处理的主要工艺参数对纸页湿抗张强度的影响;并采用扫描电镜(SEM)对漆酶处理前后纤维表面微细结构的变化进行了研究。结果表明,漆酶可以改善纸浆的湿抗张强度,但对于抗张强度不起作用;提高纸浆湿强度的最佳酶促反应条件为:酶用量16U(以每克绝干浆计),温度45℃,pH值4.5,处理时间2h。扫描电镜分析表明,漆酶处理使得纤维表面变得粗糙,纤维之间产生了黏结性,湿强度得以提高。     

Quality and decomposition of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) mulch for temperate alley cropping systems

Black locust and alfalfa mulch quality were characterized over a 9-week period of decomposition. Both mulch materials were harvested with a forage harvester. The black locust material was harvested from trees annually coppiced for four years, the alfalfa from a preflorescent second cutting. Two identical, adjacent experiments were conducted, one on each mulch source. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications for this single factor experiment. Fifty grams fresh weight of both mulch types were placed in litter bags, made of 98% shade cloth, a woven plastic with holes approximately 1×0.5 mm. The treatments included two placements of the mulch material, surface and buried. Sampling took place on weeks 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9.The incorporation of mulch materials appears to accelerate dry weight loss. From an initial dry weight of 44.25 g, the buried black locust mulch averaged 4.58 g, while the surface mulch averaged 7.41 g by week 6. The alfalfa mulch initially weighed 40.99g, with buried mulch averaging 1.75 g and surface mulch averaging 4.08 g by week 9.Carbon concentration of alfalfa mulch increased with time in both mulch placements from 43.6% to 57.6% and 51.8% in surface and buried mulch, respectively. Black locust, with an initial carbon concentration of 46.9% increased to 55.9% for the buried mulch and to 53.89% in surface mulch. Nitrogen concentrations increased as well in buried mulch. Lignin concentrations increased dramatically over time for both species of mulch. Black locust lignin concentrations rose from 13.11% to 51.0% (buried) and 32.9% (surface); alfalfa mulch lignin concentrations rose from 6.67% to 31.4% (buried) and 47.7% (surface).     

硫酸盐草浆黑液制粉状活性炭的研究

本文探讨硫酸盐草浆纸厂黑液的治理和利用,提出用酸化法从黑液中沉析木素制取粉状活性炭。大约生产10t草浆可制取1t优质粉状活性炭。同时还含有占总碱量24%的Na_2S可回收。排出的废液即使不再经过处理,其污染程度也已大大降低。     

木质素-LDPE扭矩流变性能试验研究

研究了影响木质素与低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)共混物在转矩流变仪中的共混最大扭矩、平衡扭矩以及达到平衡扭矩时间的各个因素。结果表明,木质素、淀粉降解母料、增塑剂、温度对扭矩有明显影响;在LDPE为100份时,木质素55份,淀粉母料25份,增塑剂占木质素7.5%,增容剂10.5份,温度为180℃,共混物塑化性能最优。     

Analysis on Chemical Composition of Guadua amplexifolia Planted in China

The objective of this study is to determine the properties of G. amplexifolia. In this paper; the chemical composition, including holocellulose, acid-insoluble lignin, 1% NaOH solubility, benzene-ethanol extractives and ash content, was considered for the variability with respect to positions along bamboo culm height （bottom, middle and top）, parts along radial direction （inner part and outer part）and ages （1-year and 2- year）. The test results were also compared to those of moso that is commonly planted and used in China. This study indicated that both the holocellulosecontent and the lignin content in inner part were lower than ; in outer part, but for extractives and ash content, the reverse was true. Bamboo age also had effect on chemical composition; both the holocellulose content and the ash content in the culm of 1- year were higher than those of 2-year; while the lignin content and the extractive content m the culm of 1- year were higher than those of 2-year. High holocellulose content, low lignin contentand extractive content were advantages of G. amplexifolia.     

纤维素废料与造纸黑液木质素制人造木材之探讨

介绍了现有人造木材的种类，阐述了用竹刨花、竹（木）屑等竹（木）加工剩余物或农作物秸秆与造纸黑液中提取的木质素开发人造木材的重大意义，简要介绍了该人造木材的制造原理和方法以及产品的用途，并分析了人造木材的市场前景及其产业化的可行性。     

醇溶木质素溶胶流变特性的研究

研究了浓度、温度、pH值、增塑剂等对醇溶木质素溶胶流变特性的影响.研究结果表明:醇溶木质素溶胶粘度的对数(1g η)与浓度正相关,表现出非牛顿流体特征.溶胶粘度随温度的上升而下降,且变化满足阿累尼乌斯方程;在pH值3.0和pH值9.0附近,溶胶的粘度达到最大值,在pH值7.0附近,溶胶粘度最低;在增塑剂的作用下,溶胶粘度均有增加,增塑剂浓度在0～0.25%范围内,溶胶的粘度与增塑剂浓度正相关.     

木质素合成酶基因F5H的RT-PCR引物筛选

据EMBL核酸序列库中发表的白杨杂种F5H的cDNA序列,利用Primer 5.0软件设计3组扩增引物。通过PCR及RT-PCR扩增反应,筛选出一组比较合适的引物,确定该引物对的最适反应体系和程序参数。利用该引物对,从正在分化的2年生欧美杨107茎的次生木质部提取的mRNA中RT-PCR扩增出一个867bp的木质素合成特异表达的f5h基因片段。将其克隆到pGM-T载体上,构建了f5h在大肠杆菌中的表达载体,并对引物筛选进行讨论。     

Lignin fragments rich in detached side-chain structures found in water-soluble LCC

The content of the glyceraldehyde-2-aryl ether-type structure in water-soluble lignin–carbohydrate complex (LCC) fractions, which were obtained from Japanese cedar and birch residual wood meal after milled wood lignin isolation, was determined by ozonation. Quite high amounts of the glyceraldehyde-2-aryl ether-type structure were found in water-soluble LCC fractions of both species; about 3–5 times higher than those of other fractions. This result, as well as the high content of the β-1 structure in these fractions shown in our previous reports, suggest that lignin in these fractions has the characteristics of endwise-type lignin, because the glyceraldehyde-2-aryl ether-type structure and β-1 structure are typical characteristics of this type of lignin fraction. These results are in good agreement with the generally accepted hypothesis that the glyceraldehyde-2-aryl ether-type structure and β-1 structure are generated at the same time by a radical coupling reaction. The results also indicated that these two structures are present in close proximity in the lignin.