叶锈菌对不同杨树品种叶片木质素的影响

通过对不同抗性的杨树寄主在不同接种时间段的木质素的沉积进行了跟踪。染色后观察发现:在受到落叶松-杨栅锈菌侵染后1～2d不亲和组合叶肉组织中木质素积累就很多,3d后积累比较明显。木质素积累的整个进程基本表现为木质素积累在近免疫、高抗品种较多,感病品种中很少,而免疫品种中无明显变化。     

刺五加根茎剩余物丙酮有机溶剂提取木质素及抗氧化活性

以制药废弃物刺五加根茎剩余物为原料,采用丙酮有机溶剂法提取木质素,探讨了反应温度、反应时间、料液比、乙酸体积分数、丙酮体积分数等工艺条件对木质素得率和木质素抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明：反应温度对丙酮有机木质素抗氧化性能影响最显著,其他因素不显著。优化工艺条件为反应温度180℃、丙酮体积分数80%、料液比1：20、反应时...     

几种木腐真菌降解木质素效果研究

4个典型的木腐真菌在纯木屑培养基上的试验结果表明,采用克拉松木质素测定法,测得在经过了30 d的菌物作用后,以拟云芝降解木质素的能力最强,达50.0%,云芝的作用效果只有16.7%,灵芝、猴头在菌丝生长阶段即表现不佳。因此,拟云芝和云芝均可作为木质素降解的菌种,以拟云芝为佳。     

The rates of maize growth and lignin biosynthesis change after root-applied chalcone

The effects of root-applied chalcone at 0.15 mmol L⁻¹ on the growth and lignin biosynthesis in maize were investigated. The contents of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL, EC 6.2.1.12) substrates in maize shoots were increased more rapidly in the samples with chalcone application than in the control and the increase occurred at ≤ 3 h after the application (HAA). The lignin content was reduced by chalcone at ≤ 6 HAA. The shoot growth was suppressed by chalcone at ≤ 9 HAA. Consequently, the results suggest that chalcone suppressed maize growth by inhibiting monolignol biosynthesis.     

Effect of presence of rumen protozoa on degradation of cell wall constituents in gastrointestinal tract of cattle

The cell wall constituents of feces from three faunated and three defaunated (without ruminal ciliate protozoa) cattle fed on a Sudangrass hay and concentrate mixture (8:5) were analyzed. There was little difference in digestibility of dry matter between the faunated and defaunated cattle. Analysis of the fecal sugar residues revealed that the digestibilities of arabinose and galactose, derived from pectic and hemicellulosic substances located within the compound middle lamella, were higher in the defaunated cattle than the faunated cattle (P < 0.05), whereas the digestibilities of glucose and xylose, derived mainly from cellulose and xylan, were unchanged by the removal of protozoa. The digestibility of lignin was not different between the faunated and defaunated cattle, but those of mannose and p‐coumaric acid were lower in the defaunated than in the faunated animals (P < 0.05). The ratio of primary cell wall to secondary cell wall in fecal plant materials was lower for the defaunated than for the faunated cattle. The results in this study suggested that the defaunation enhanced the microbial degradation of the thin cell walls, but depressed the degradation of developed cell walls.     

核桃壳化学组分的研究

对核桃壳的化学组分研究表明:核桃壳的主要组分是木素、纤维素和半纤维素,与其他植物相比,冷、热水抽出物,1%NaOH抽出物,酸不溶木素含量均较高,纤维素含量明显较低,多戊聚糖含量与阔叶材相近.不同产地漾濞泡核桃的核桃壳,其化学组分有差异,但主要成分是酸不溶木素.核桃壳主要元素是C,H,O,N,S等,且含有Ca,Mg,Fe,Si,P等微量元素.核桃壳木素为GS型(愈创木基-紫丁香基型)木素,其中以G单元为主,且含有较多的甲氧基.     

两种白腐菌降解油菜秸秆效果的研究

研究两种白腐菌N1和N2及三种固体培养料配方(1、2和3)对油菜秸秆纤维性物质(纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)降解率和粗蛋白水平的影响.结果表明,随着发酵时间的延长, N1和N2对油菜秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素及木质素的降解率和粗蛋白含量的提高均有增加的趋势;木质素降解效率N1前20d高于后20d,并一直保持较高水平,说明N1菌株有优先选择降解木质素特性,N1优于N2(P＜0.01);同一菌株,配方1均好于配方2和3(P＜0.01).     

苎麻咖啡酰辅酶A甲基转移酶基因原核表达及其结构分析

为了研究苎麻木质素合成关键酶——咖啡酰辅酶A-甲基转移酶(CCoAOMT)基因编码的酶蛋白,了解其结构特点;采用原核表达系统——大肠杆菌表达系统pQE,对苎麻CCoAOMT cDNA编码区进行了高效表达,获得了分子量为29.4kD的苎麻CCoAOMT融合蛋白。采用SwissModel服务器模拟构建了该酶蛋白的空间结构。并利用InsightII软件包中的Docking模块构建了该酶蛋白与辅酶Sinapoyl、SAH和Ca2 相互作用的复合物的结合模型,并利用Discover模块对模拟的结构进行结构优化。可以推知所克隆的苎麻CCoAOMT cDNA编码了咖啡酰辅酶A甲基转移酶,具有O-甲基转移酶蛋白典型的催化功能,参与苎麻木质素单体前体的甲基化反应。     

玉米大斑病菌HT-毒素对玉米叶片木质素含量的影响

本试验采用玉米大斑病菌２号小种产生的粗毒素和标准毒素（５－羟甲基－２－呋喃甲醛）进行玉米幼苗滴心处理,测定玉米大斑病菌ＨＴ－毒素处理后玉米叶片中木质素含量的变化。结果表明：毒素处理后属于亲和组合的玉米自交系木质素含量都有一定程度的提高,且处理后４８ｈ表现更为明显;非亲和组合的玉米自交系木质素含量变化不大,不同组合中木质素含量变化差异的原因尚需进一步研究。     

改性木质素对砖红壤磷素有效性的影响

磷肥施入砖土壤后，土壤速效磷随着时间的推移，呈现下降的趋势。利用改性木质素缓释磷铵，可以有效地络合土壤活性钵，降低其活性，从而阻止土壤速效磷被固定，使土壤磷素维持在较高的水平。土壤中交换性钙和交换性镁对土壤速效磷的影响不大。