油菜对Cd污染土壤的植物修复

通过盆栽试验,对"秦油8号"(Brassica rlapus L."Qinyou No.8")在不同水平Cd污染下的耐性以及富集指标进行测定,并施加不同水平螯合剂对油菜的修复效果进行强化.结果表明,低水平Cd处理对油菜的株高、干质量、叶绿素含量等有轻微的促进作用,而高水平Cd则表现出抑制作用,在土壤Cd添加量为80mg/kg时,油菜的株高、干质量、叶绿素总量分别比对照降低了20.5%、43.5%和64.3%.油菜体内脯氨酸含量与Cd添加量呈现显著的正相关性,比对照升高了23倍,表现出一定的耐性.油菜体内Cd积累规律为根部大于地上部.各部位含Cd量以及每盆油菜吸收Cd总量都随土壤Cd添加量的增加而递增,在土壤Cd添加量为40 mg/kg时达到最大值.此后则会下降.施加3种水平螯合剂均提高了油菜对Cd的吸收,但高水平的螫合剂处理却导致油菜死亡.相比之下,中等水平螯合剂处理下,油菜对Cd的吸收效率较高.可见,秦油8号具有修复Cd污染土壤的潜力.     

长坡尾矿坝植物修复过程中土壤脲酶活性变化

采集广西南丹县长坡矿尾矿坝0~20 cm表土,测定了土壤pH、有机质、碱解N含量和脲酶活性。采用数理统计的相关分析方法,探究重金属污染区的植被自然恢复和植物修复过程中,土壤脲酶活性与土壤肥力水平的关系,为重金属污染区土壤的生态恢复提供理论依据。结果表明:长坡尾矿坝土壤有机质含量较低,土壤肥力状况仍然较差。土壤脲酶活性与土壤碱解氮含量之间呈正相关,与土壤有机质含量相关性不大。在尾矿坝植被自然恢复过程中,五节芒、苔草、割鸡芒等植物根际土脲酶活性的平均值相对较高,而狗牙根、类芦根际土的脲酶活性相对较低。如果不引进外来物种,只选择该尾矿坝上自然生长的植物作为生态恢复的物种,五节芒、割鸡芒和苔草等植物应作为优先选择的物种,类芦、狗牙根等植物可作为第2阶段修复的物种。     

玉米对重金属胁迫的响应及其在植物修复中的应用

综述了玉米作为潜在植物修复材料对单一和复合重金属污染的胁迫响应及其机理、各种辅助措施（接种菌根,添加螯合剂,适当农艺措施等）促进玉米对重金属的修复效率等,提出了玉米用于重金属污染修复存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

Using kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) as a phytoremediation plant species for lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) removal in saline soils

Ornamental kale (Brassica oleracea var. Acephala) is usually planted from early autumn until late winter. Since most of the plants used for phytoremediation cannot be grown during this time, kale can be a suitable option for phytoremediation and utilized during autumn and winter in urban landscape, especially in metropolitan areas where high levels of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pollutions exist. Kale growth in saline soil at different growth stages (germination and vegetative growth stages) was studied in this investigation. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications was used in this study. Treatments included three levels of sodium chloride (NaCl) (0, 30, and 60 mg/kg), four levels of Cd (0, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg), and four levels of Pb (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg). Results indicated that increase in Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil decreased fresh and dry weights of the plants. The results of the various growth stages revealed that under salinity stress, kale plants were able to absorb more Pb than Cd and effectively remediate Pb in polluted and saline lands. Cd accumulation in control treatment was 6.2% more than that in the saline treatments, whereas, Pb accumulation in the highest NaCl level, 60 mg/kg salinity treatment was 7.64% more than that of the control condition. Also, proline content of the plants was significantly increased under Cd and Pb stress. From the results of this study, it was concluded that using kale plant is recommended for phytoremediation of saline soils with 10 and 16 mg/kg Pb and Cd contents, respectively.     

铜盐毒害对紫鸭跖草养分吸收和生长的影响

通过含有不同浓度CuSO4的Hoagland营养液培养紫鸭跖草枝条,研究了紫鸭跖草对铜的耐性和超积累以及铜胁迫下紫鸭跖草生长和营养状况.结果表明:紫鸭跖草根部铜的积累量低浓度Cu2 供应时增加幅度不大,高浓度Cu2 供应时增加幅度较大;茎部的情况与根部相似;但叶部在低浓度Cu2 供应时铜的积累量几乎没有变化,高浓度Cu2 供应时铜的积累量增幅较大.在500 μmol · L-1和1 000 μmol · L-1铜处理下,紫鸭跖草整株铜积累量分别为866 mg · kg-1(DW)和1 130 mg · kg-1(DW).紫鸭跖草对铜的吸收和转运效率与铜的供给量呈正相关性.100～250 μmol · L-1铜的供应能明显促进紫鸭跖草生长.高浓度铜促进了钾、钙的吸收而阻碍了锌的吸收及镁向地上部分的运输,尽管如此,氮、磷、钾、镁、钙的浓度均在满足常规植物正常生长的浓度范围内.铜胁迫下对根部蛋白质表达活跃,氨基酸含量增加.研究结果表明紫鸭跖草对铜有很大耐性和富集能力.     

煤矿开采对植被和土壤的影响及植被恢复策略

论述了煤炭开采导致的矿区植被破坏现状、土壤污染现状,以及植物修复技术在矿区生态恢复和建设中的作用,为矿区生态恢复提供理论基础。     

植物激素-螯合剂复合处理对红苋菜富集能力的影响

[目的]探寻一种高效的土壤污染植物修复技术。[方法]采用植物激素(IAA、GA3、SA)和螯合剂(EDTA)复合处理分别进行叶面喷施和土壤浇灌,研究其对红苋菜修复效率的影响。[结果]复合处理可增加红苋菜在133Cs、88Sr、Cd胁迫下的生物量,对于~(133)Cs、~(88)Sr、Cd的吸收量、转移系数和富集系数,土壤浇灌相比于叶面喷施显著提高了~(133)Cs、~(88)Sr、Cd在红苋菜植株内的富集;3种激素和螯合剂的复合处理效果从好到差依次为100 mg/L SA+1.5 mg/kg EDTA、500 mg/L GA3+1.5 mg/kg EDTA、100 mg/L IAA+1.5 mg/kg EDTA。[结论]土壤浇灌100 mg/L SA+1.5 mg/kg EDTA为最适宜处理,使单株红苋菜对~(133)Cs、~(88)Sr、Cd的富集总量达到最大。     

New approaches concerning the utilization of natural amendments in cadmium phytoremediation

Different vegetal biomass resources such as Picea abies bark, Castanea sativa chestnuts shell and Asclepias syriaca plant were considered to provide a source of natural bioactive compounds, which can be properly used in several directions such as: plant growth regulators and amendments in bioremediation. Having in mind a complex processing biomass technology, these raw materials are used in a first step to separate bioactive compounds by an aqueous extraction. The obtained extracts containing polyphenols were tested in germination tests to evaluate their influence on cadmium bioaccumulation in oat plant (Avena sativa). It was observed that the mentioned extracts modulated cadmium bioaccumulation, photosynthesizing pigments biosynthesis, plant growth and its development depending on metal ion concentration (5, 12.5, 25 mg/L), and extracts composition determined by vegetal raw material and their total polyphenols content (130, 122, 114 mg/L related to gallic acid). FTIR spectra and histo-anatomical cross section of the roots certify that P. abies bark and A. syriaca plant extracts amendments stimulated cadmium bioaccumulation, promoting the translocation of heavy metals to the aerial part of the plant, meanwhile chestnuts shell extract reduced the mobility of cadmium determining in situ inactivation of heavy metal ions.     

城市重金属污染水体的植物修复试验研究

针对城市重金属污染水体治理困难的现状,分析了湿地植物在重金属污染水质中的修复作用,通过开展试验将不同的湿地植物对重金属污染水体的修复作用进行了对比研究,并对不同pH值对湿地植物去除重金属离子效果进行了试验研究。试验结果表明,湿地植物芦苇对重金属污染的水体修复效果明显,能够有效的滤除水体中的重金属例子;最后对水生植物对重金属污水的修复机理进行了试验研究,对于进一步推动和发展湿地植物干预治理城市重金属污染水环境具有一定的借鉴意义。     

重金属超富集植物环境修复技术研究进展

重金属超富集植物的环境修复作用已成为近年来植物逆境生理生化研究的热点内容。在简要回顾超富集植物概念、修复类型及筛选培育的基础上,重点综述了其生理分子耐性机制,并指出该研究目前存在的问题及今后努力的方向。